All about Carbo Fiber

Presenter : S.Rohol Amin IsazadehProfessor : Dr.Mohammd Riahi

Carbon fiber is defined as a fiber containing at least 92 wt % carbon, while the fiber containing at least 99 wt % carbon is usually called a graphite fiber. The atomic structure of carbon fiber is similar to that of 

graphite,consisting of sheets of carbon atoms arranged in a

regular hexagonal pattern.

Graphite is a crystalline material in which the sheets are

stacked parallel to one another in regular fashion.

Firstly manufactured by Mr.Edison in the 1879s by heating

bambo.

Then manufactured by Dr. Roger Bacon in the 1985s by

heating strands of rayon until they carbonized.

The first strong Carbon fibers were developed in the 1963s

as a reinforcement for high-temperature molded plastic

components on airplane engine.

Major raw materials polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and pitch .

Typical sequence of operations used to form carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile (PAN):

◦ Thermoset treatment◦ Carbonizing◦ Graphitizing◦ Surface Treating ◦ Epoxy Sizing

THERMOSET TREATMENTFibers are stretched and heated to no more than 400° C. Cross-links carbon chains so that the fibers will not melt

in subsequent treatments. CARBONIZING

fibers are heated to about 800° C in an oxygen free environment.

removes non-carbon impurities. GRAPHITIZING

heats them to temperatures ranging from 1100° C to 3000° C.

stretches the fibers between 50 to 100% elongation. The stretching ensures a preferred crystalline orientation.

Surface Treating ● After carbonizing, the fibers have a surface that does not

bond well with the epoxies and other materials used in composite materials.

● To give the fibers better bonding properties, their surface is slightly oxidized.

● provides » better chemical bonding properties . » better mechanical bonding properties.

● The surface treatment process must be carefully controlled to avoid forming tiny surface defects, such as pits, which could cause fiber failure.

Epoxy Sizing

● Fibers are coated to protect them from damage during winding or weaving. This process is called sizing.

● Typical coating materials include epoxy, polyester, nylon, and others.

● The coated fibers are wound onto cylinders called spools.

● The spools are loaded into a spinning machine and the fibers are twisted into yarns of various sizes.

High tensile and compressive strength.

Low thermal expansion.

Electrically and thermally conductive.

Light weight and low density.

High abrasion and wear resistance.

Long service life.

The main disadvantage of carbon fiber is its cost.

This fiber will cause some forms of cancer of the

lungs.

Carbon Fiber is actually 5 times stronger than steel.

It is also 2 times more stiff. This material has a really very strength-to-

weight ratio, which makes it great for almost anything that requires high strength and low weight.

Aerospace and Aircraft Industry. Rechargeable batteries and fuel cell electrodes. Energy production; windmill blades. Building and construction materials. Fiber reinforced plastics, FRP. Sports equipments. Automotive parts. Civil Engineering. Portable power. Acoustics.

Air Craft Car Parts

Musical Instruments Mobile Case

Wind Turbine Blades Helmets

The future efforts on carbon fiber research will be focused on cost reduction and property improvement.

• Moving towards large

production series cars.

• Light weight pre-cast

concrete, earthquake

protection.

• Deep sea drilling platforms,

choke and drill pipes.

• Wind turbines, compressed

natural gas storage and

transportation fuel cells.

It revolutionized the field of light weight materials.

The new substitute for metals.

In short it is the future manufacturing material.

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B.M.W

MANUFACURING