Alkali Metals Sarah Rahman Group 1 of the Periodic Table EXTREMELY reactive, especially with water –Because they have only 1 valence electron Soft and.

Alkali Metals

Sarah Rahman

Group 1 of the Periodic Table• EXTREMELY reactive, especially with water

– Because they have only 1 valence electron• Soft and shiny• Not found in nature as elements; they form

compounds with other elements• reactivity increases with atomic number• Rubidium burns spontaneously when exposed to

air• Rubidium chloride is used to treat depression• Cesium can melt in your hands• Francium is a product of radioactive decay

The alkali metals are sodium, lithium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium

Alkaline-Earth Metals

Amanda Li

Group Two

• Have two valence electrons

• Elements in this group are:– Highly reactive, yet

less reactive then Group 1

– Combines easily– Shiny, malleable,

and ductile

• Interesting Facts– Strontium burns

spontaneously in powder form

– Many of the elements are toxic are dangerous.

– Radium was once used to paint glow in the dark objects.

In this picture some of the elements must be contained due to their reactivity with certain materials.

Transition Metals

By Rushil Shah

All about Transition Metals

• Located in groups 3-12 and are known to be less reactive

• Their valence electrons combine with other elements and are present in one or more shell

• Form different charged cations because of complex arrangements of electrons

• Copper is used in electric wiring• Tungsten is used in filaments of light bulbs• Gold and silver is used in jewelry

• Transition metals are the only kind able to produce a magnetic field. Gold and silver are used in jewelry because of its glamorous shine.

Semiconductors

By Brian Sang

Facts about semiconductors• Semiconductors are a group of six

elements• Boron, silicon, germanium,

arsenic, antimony, and tellurium are semiconductors

• They are located towards the right side of the periodic table

• Semiconductors are nonmetals with some metal properties – they are able to conduct heat and electricity

• Semiconductors conduct better when their temperatures are higher, or when impurities are added to them

• The ability of semiconductors has lead to great advances in electronic technology

Semiconductors, namely silicon, are often used to make computer chips.

Other uses include transistors, LED displays, and solar cells.

HALOGENSHALOGENSAn Introduction to Halogens

By Eric Wang

Halogens• Non-metallic elements located

upon Group 17 of periodic table

• Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine

• Extremely high reactivity due to valence shell contains 7 electrons, allowing in easily gaining one electron to become anion.

• Forms ionic compounds called salts

• All are poisonous and rarely found alone in nature

• Used in swimming pools killing bacteria, toothpaste, and industrial activity.

• May be harmful in atmosphere by destroying ozone- CFCs.

Chlorine, a halogen poisonous when found

alone, is used in swimming pools to kill

bacteria.

Noble Gases

By: Katie Poduska

Group 18:Group 18:• There are six elements in the element family known as

noble gases, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon

• All six of these elements have eight valence electrons and are chemically unreactive

• Noble gases naturally occur in the atmosphere• The noble gases got their name because of the royal

way they seem to keep their distance from the other elements

• Henry Cavendish in 1775 took an air sample and found the first noble gas

When an electric charge sits in an enclosed container and neon atoms absorb it, the energy pushes the electrons to higher energy levels then they release the energy as light particles giving them and all of the other noble gases their glow.