Aligning K-12 Policy and Practice with the Demands of College and Careers Michael Cohen President, Achieve January 30, 2014.

Aligning K-12 Policy and Practice with the Demands of

College and Careers

Michael CohenPresident, Achieve

January 30, 2014

Importance of Education in a Global Economy

3Source: Carnevale, Anthony P. et al. (June 2010). Help Wanted: Projections of Jobs and Education Requirements Through 2018. Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce. www9.georgetown.edu/grad/gppi/hpi/cew/pdfs/FullReport.pdf

Education and Training Requirements Increasing Over Time

Bachelor's & HigherSome College /

Associate's Degree

High School GraduateHigh School

Dropout

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%33%

29%28%

10%

32%27%30%

11%

16%

12%

40%

32%

Percentage of Workforce by Education Level2018

2002

1973

4Source: OECD (2013), Education at a Glance 2013: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2013-en; National Center for Higher Education Management Systems, analysis of 2011 American Community Survey. http://www.higheredinfo.org

International Advantage: America’s International Edge is Slipping in High School Graduation Rates

Iceland

U.K.

Netherlands

Australia

Ireland

Denmark

Germany

Norway

Canada

Poland

Korea

U.S.

NE

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% Young Adults (25-34) with HS Diploma+ % Adults (25-64) with HS Diploma+

5Source: OECD (2013), Education at a Glance 2013: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2013-en; National Center for Higher Education Management Systems, analysis of 2011 American Community Survey. http://www.higheredinfo.org

International Advantage: America’s International Edge is Slipping in Postsecondary Degree Attainment

U.K.

New Z...

Sweden

Belgium

Australia

Denmark

Switzer...

Norway

Japan

Canada

Luxem...

U.S.

NE

0 10 20 30 40 50 60% Young Adults (25-34) with College Degree % Adults (25-64) with College Degree

How Does Nebraska Measure Up?

High School Graduation

7Source: USED (2011). State Four-Year Regulatory Adjusted Cohort High School Graduation Rates in 2010-11. http://www2.ed.gov/documents/press-releases/state-2010-11-graduation-rate-data.pdf

IATXVTWINational Average

NE

0%

50%

100%89%88%88%88%

80%88%

Percent of On-Time High School Graduates, Top Performing States

College Enrollment

8Source: National Center for Higher Education Management Systems, analysis of 2011 American Community Survey. http://www.higheredinfo.org

MSCTMANMSDNational Average

NE

0%

50%

100%

79%79%73%72%72%

63%70%

Percent of NE High School Graduates Going Directly to College as Compared Na-tionally and to Top Performing States

Postsecondary Completion

9Source: National Center for Higher Education Management Systems, analysis of 2011 American Community Survey. http://www.higheredinfo.org

MARICTPAMDNational Average

NE

0%

50%

100%

69%66%66%66%64%

55%56%

Percent of NE Students Completing a Bachelor's Degree Within 6 Years as Com-pared Nationally and to Top Performing States

10

30% of first year students in postsecondary education are required to take remedial courses

40% - 45% of recent high school graduates report significant gaps in their skills, both in college and the workplace

Faculty estimate 42% of first year students in credit-bearing courses are academically unprepared

Employers estimate 45% of recent high school graduates lack skills to advance

ACT estimates only half of college-bound students are ready for college-level reading

Too Many Students Graduate from HighSchool Unprepared for College and Work

11

Too Many Students Are Not College- and Career-Ready: Students Meeting College Readiness Benchmark

Source: ACT (2013). College Readiness Benchmark Attainment by State. http://www.act.org/newsroom/data/2013/

All 4 testsReadingMathScienceEnglish

0%

50%

100%

U.S.NE

26%44%44%

36%

67%

28%

48%46%

41%

71%

Percent of ACT-tested graduates who met or exceeded the Col-lege Readiness Benchmark score, 2013

Note: Approximately 84% of Nebraska’s high school students took the ACT in 2013. A benchmark score indicates a 50% chance of obtaining a B or higher or about a 75% chance of obtaining a C or higher in the corresponding credit-bearing college courses.

12

Enrollment in College Does NOT Equal College Readiness

Source: http://www.completecollege.org/docs/CCA-Remediation-final.pdf

Four-Year NEFour-Year U.S.

Two-Year NETwo-Year U.S.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

20%

55%

? ?

Percent of Students in Two-Year and Four-Year Institutions Requiring Remediation

13

Student Achievement

Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress (2013). Analysis of data downloaded from http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata g/

VTNHMNMANational Average

NE

0%

50%

100%

52%59%59%58%

41%45%47%47%47%

55%

34%36%

Mathematics Proficiency on NAEP in Nebraska as Compared Nationally and with Top Performing States

4th Grade

8th Grade

14

Student Achievement

Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress (2013). Analysis of data downloaded from http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata g/

CTNHMANational Average

NE

0%

50%

100%

43%45%47%

34%37%

45%44%48%

34%37%

Reading Proficiency on NAEP in Nebraska as Compared Nationally and with Top Performing States

4th Grade

8th Grade

15

Student Achievement

Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress (2013). Analysis of data downloaded from http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata g/ and Nebraska Public Schools State of the Schools Report..

0%

50%

100%

NeSANAEP

78%79%

66%73%

37%37%36%

45%

Proficiency on Nebraska State Assessment (NeSA) as Compared with NAEP

Expectations Gap

17Source: Peter D. Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies (2005). Rising to the Challenge: Are High School Graduates Prepared for College and Work? Washington, DC: Achieve.

Desire for High Expectations: The Majority of Graduates Would Have Taken Harder Courses

Series1 29%

32%

34%

62%

38%

41%

48%

72%

Students Who Did Not Go To College College Students

Knowing what you know today about the expectations of college/work …

Would have taken more challenging

courses in at least one area

Math

Science

English

Graduates Consistently Regret Not Having Worked Harder – Or Having Been More Challenged – in High School

18Source: College Board (2011). One Year Out: Findings From A National Survey Among Members Of The High School Graduating Class Of 2010. http://www.collegeboard.org/OneYearOut

Series1

47%

35%

53%56%

Percent of 2010 Graduates Who Wish They Had Worked Harder In High School, by Postsecondary Enrollment

All Graduates Four-Year College Two-Year College No College/Other

19

We haven’t expected all students to graduate from high school college- and career-ready

State standards reflect consensus about what is desirable, not what is essential

Only two states required algebra II for gradation

State tests measure 8th and 9th grade knowledge and skills

High school accountability rarely focuses on graduation rates or on college and work readiness

2004 American Diploma Project Research Documents an Expectations Gap

Closing Expectations Gap

21

The College- and Career-Ready Agenda

Align high school standards with the demands of college and careers.

Require students to take a college- and career-ready course of study to earn a high school diploma.

Build college- and career-ready measures into statewide high school assessment systems.

Develop reporting and accountability systems that promote college and career readiness.

All 50 States and DC Have Aligned College- and Career-Ready Standards

22

Adopted CCSS Adopted CCSS in (ELA) only

Developed by state

Source: Achieve (2013). Closing the Expectations Gap.

23

While Nebraska gets credit for having developed college- and career-ready standards, the state’s own experts question their quality:

NE contracted with McREL to compare the state’s existing standards to the CCSS. The results of their study demonstrate that the CCSS in math are generally more rigorous than NE’s current standards.

In a review of the ELA standards currently underway in the state through the State Board of Education, Nebraska postsecondary faculty find fault with the level of rigor expected of K-12 students. Many reviewers don’t believe the current demands in the ELA standards will produce students prepared for the level of work expected of first year college students.

Are educators being elevated as a key voice for raising expectations for all students?

State of Nebraska’s College- and Career-Ready Standards

Source: Profs say students must know how — and when — to write at a higher level of formality Retrieved at http://www.omaha.com/article/20140127/NEWS/140128869/1685Comparison of the Common Core Standards to the Nebraska Standards for Mathematics, Grades K–12. Retrieved at http://www.education.ne.gov/documents/HomePage/Math_CC_to_NE_Final2013.pdf

24

Assessments Aligned with College- and Career-Ready Expectations

Source: ACT (2013). College Readiness Benchmark Attainment by State.http://www.act.org/newsroom/data/2013 and Nebraska Public Schools State of the Schools Report.

ReadingMath

0%

50%

100%

NeSA

ACT

78%

55%

48%46%

High School Proficiency on NeSA as Compared with ACT Benchmarks of College Readiness

As of 2013, 19 States and DC Adopted Policies that Require Students to Default Into a College- and Career-Ready Course of Study

25

Mandatory Requirements

Default Requirements

DC

Source: Achieve (2013). Closing the Expectations Gap.

In 2013, Four States Incorporated Indicators that Demonstrate College- and Career- Readiness into their Accountability Systems

26Source: Achieve (2013). Closing the Expectations Gap.

Indicators that Value College & Career Readiness

27

Along the way toward college and career readiness

Meeting college and career readiness

Exceeding college- and career readiness

Course completion and success

Timely credit accumulation

Credit recovery

Completion of college & career ready course of study

Participation in AP, IB and dual enrollment

Achievement Performance on aligned assessments early in high school

* Grades

Meeting standards on anchor assessment

Postsecondary remediation rates

College-level performance on AP and/or IB exams

Attainment Graduation Earning a college- and career-ready diploma

Earning dual enrollment credits

Application to and enrollment in postsecondary

Summary

29

State Test Data vs. NAEP

Need Data on Remediation Rates

Standards Revision ProcessAligning Expectations to College and Career Readiness

Ensure Accountability Indicators Reflect your State’s Education Mission to Prepare Nebraska Students for College and Careers

Towards a College- and Career-Ready Nebraska