Alexei Samsonovich George Mason University, Fairfax, VA

Alexei SamsonovichGeorge Mason University, Fairfax, VA

(Part I of the talk)

can be defined as a fully functional computational equivalent of the human mind in its higher cognitive abilities, including : Awareness of self and a sense of presence Understanding of other minds General mechanisms of voluntary action Working, semantic, episodic and procedural memories Commonsense knowledge and the general ability to

learn A system of values

Two approaches: piece-by-piece vs. grow

is a cognitive agent (an electronic student) that can acquire arbitrary new knowledge from its own experience with the help of an instructor.

The agent should be able to use acquired knowledge in further learning, with no a priori limitations on its bootstrapped cognitive growth abilities.

The hypothesis is that there is a ‘critical mass’: i.e., a minimal, relatively small set of cognitive abilities that, when implemented in the agent, together enable virtually unlimited, self-sustained cognitive growth of the agent.

D

Snapshots of GMU BICA dynamics. A: Indoor virtual environment in which the robot (red dot) performs spatial learning and an object search tasks. B: Dynamics of the cognitive map. C: A snapshot of semantic, working and input-output memories of the agent.

C

A

B

D E

D: A theoretical snapshot of the architecture engaged in sensory perception with shared attention. E: a snapshot of a virtual environment and architecture components in a social interaction paradigm in virtual urban settings.

Cognitive science laboratory experiments tell a lot about learning, but are disconnected from education settings

Classroom experiments are not easy and limited

What about experiments in silico?

Virtually no limitations on the number and the range of paradigms, settings, duration, etc.

Can literally see what is going on inside the simulated mind during learning

8

A rapid prototype and a demo of BICA

A linguist and a conversational agent

An electronic student and a meta-learner

An automated programmer (for example)

A virtually embodied intelligent agent

A cognitive engineer

Peda

gogi

cal A

gent

(B

ICA)

Cogn

itive

Co

nstr

ucto

rIn

terf

ace

Input-output

Proceduralmemory

Engine Reward

Semanticmemory

EpisodicmemoryWorking

memory

Cognitivemap

Student

Scie

nce

Mic

row

orld

Des

igne

r

Inst

ruct

or

Cogn

itive

Co

nstr

ucto

r

linguistic

symbolic

code

linguistic

symbolic

code

Schema 1:Expression

Schema 2:The for loop

Task: Write a code to implement an iterative algorithm (e.g., compute a polynomial)

for initial step final

expression

variable

expression

variable variable value

Eff-assign val var

Con-prim var < final

Eff call

Eff-assign (var = var + step)

repeat

4

Challenge: Acquire natural language capabilities plus general

world knowledge, starting from a minimal “critical mass”

Insights: Cannot acquire practical knowledge by passive

reading ▪ Need to understand words practically▪ Need embedding in a virtual microworld

Need to be guided by a human instructor▪ The system needs to be human-mind-compatible▪ Need BICA

This is an idea of a learning system that can acquire natural language capabilities plus general world knowledge, starting from a minimal innate “critical mass” of intelligence, in order to provide an interactive assistant for solving real-world challenges.

Key insights (see backup) Cannot acquire practical

knowledge by passive reading alone!

Need to understand words practically Need to try out (in

simulations) concepts associated with words

The system needs to be human-mind-compatible Needs to represent

and to understand minds of others

Should have its own human-like ‘mind’ and be aware of it

Self-aware BICA in a virtual microworld will enable the extraction of knowledge from text

Example:LBR

Key aspects of the approach The expected LBR agent is

embedded in an expandable virtual microworld

guided by a human instructor using the selected domain, corpora and curriculum

acquires concepts by parsing electronic corpora

The architecture (GMU BICA) is based on GMU BICA schemas implements mental states has a Self (see backup)

Acquired concepts are represented as schemas and pragmatized by using them in the simulated microworld

Technical challenges Mapping electronic

text segments onto familiar schemas

Constructing new schemas from text with instructor’s help and trying them out in microworld simulations: Read Ask Try

Translating schemas into a specified output format (ontology)

Constraints Initially limited

knowledge domain

Electronic corpora initially manually adapted for LBR

Limited initial vocabulary

Guided acquisition of concepts based on a curriculum

LBR Programmatic Approach:

Sequence of specific aims Associated metrics Develop basic text understanding capabilities:

to identify familiar schemas in a given text to create links between schema instances based

on the given text to initiate and control microworld simulations

associated with the meaning of text

Numbers and accuracy of identified schemas

Scaling laws based on dependencies among schemas

Develop advanced concept learning capabilities: to construct new schemas based on text and to

associate them with the new words to test schemas by applying them to simulations

Numbers, accuracy and the ability to use new learned schemas

Gradually relax initial constraints on the learning material and on the format of communications

Ability to learn from raw corpora

Other details Source: electronic

texts

Target: ontology of concepts

Out of scope: statistical text analysis

InstructorInstructorSemanticmemory

Episodicmemory

Workingmemory

Electronic corpora (curriculum)

Electronic corpora (curriculum)

Syntactic & semantic

parser

Syntactic & semantic

parser

Speech generator

Speech generator

Simulation microworld with human

interface

Simulation microworld with human

interface

Formal knowledge

base

Formal knowledge

base

Verbal channel

To a formal reasoning & planning system It works as guided self-learning.

GMU BICA

To simulate student learning, we need computational equivalents of elements of the human mind

The task involves many dimensions: language, embodiment in a microworld, a Self concept, meta-learning and self-regulated learning, episodic memory

Identifying the ‘critical mass’ of bootstrapped learning is a fundamental scientific challenge

For more interesting topics, watch for the AAAI 2008 Fall Symposium on BICA!

A practical byproduct of GMU BICA research(Part II of the talk)

A CB Semantic cognitive map is an embedding of a set of concepts {A, B, C, …} into a continuous metric space, the geometry of which captures the semantics of relations among concepts.

In the figure, A and B are synonyms, while A and C are antonyms.

What is a semantic cognitive map? Here is an example.

Consider the space of colors as a cube with coordinates given by RGB components. Similar colors are co-located next to each other, while opposite colors can be found on opposite sides of the cube.

Consider a set of points inside the cube. Semantics of points is their color given by their coordinates. Therefore, spatial relations between points reflect their sematic relations. This is the definitive property of a Semantic Cognitive Map.

Paradigm of the method: Embed words as vectors in a D-dimensional

space Optimize the energy function H:

Do principal component (PC) analysis of the result, rotate all vectors to PC coordinates

wordsAll

4

pairsSynonym

pairsAntonym

|| xxyxyH

Microsoft Word Thesaurus:15,783 words

D = 26

PrincetonWordNet:20,477 words

clear, well, accept, praise, support, increase, good, bright, right, respect, cheerful, rise, happy, straight, pleasant, improve, continue, honest, clean, safe, encourage, positive, definite, sound, sensible, decent, real, advance, perfect, direct, boost, present, neat, warm, friendly, pure, tidy, kindness, grow, constant, agree, delight, attractive, certain, approve, warmth, genuine, start, fine, honor, upright, fair, alert, smart, correct, kindly, fit, steady, sure, strong, polite, honesty, obvious, kind, order, fresh, helpful, acknowledge, make, smooth, complete, acceptable, succeed, approval, love, openly, understanding, strengthen, generous, honestly, healthy, suitable, gain, open, welcome, interest, reliable, pick up, favor, careful, proper, agreeable, friendliness, clearly, valid, develop, original, secure, swell, rich, help, revive, consistent, please, trust, together, build up, great, attentive, confidence, true, wonderful, exact, sunny, carry on, clever, pleasing, expand, maintain, clarity, confident, value, stable, practical, sweet, trustworthy, sensitive, logical, brightness, adore, compliment, enhance, dependable, reasonable, consent, comfortable, bolster, certainty, expert, useful, lovely, sympathetic, agreement, cheerfulness, cheery, decided, precise, keep, join, joyful, legitimate, pleasure, growth, thorough, advantage, absolute, warmly, like, improvement, allow, respectable, permit, take up, prepared, all right, organized, faithful, raise, effective, adequate, lively, meet, mount, add, honorable, competent, credit, admire, joy, fix, assured, awake, delightful, cheer, positively, have, decency, caring, applaud, truthful, acceptance, politeness, virtue, perfectly, firm, grace, pristine, directly, begin, pleasantness, …

dull, decline, poor, stop, bad, uncertain, fail, sad, end, reject, neglect, unpleasant, drop, weak, ignore, vague, decrease, low, deny, miserable, wrong, lose, doubtful, distant, dislike, dirty, careless, weaken, criticize, dim, inadequate, gloomy, foul, down, upset, hate, obscure, insecure, unhappy, inappropriate, give up, unclear, discourage, separate, dubious, clash, destroy, false, reduce, withdraw, oppose, abandon, useless, small, break, cold, disregard, refuse, unreliable, bleak, irregular, depressed, badly, depression, untidy, unacceptable, dishonest, stupid, diminish, tired, doubt, dark, damage, nasty, desolate, cut, awkward, partial, disagreeable, uncertainty, scorn, ill, mess up, ugly, unsound, retreat, unwell, leave, unfit, evil, unsure, shabby, hopeless, depress, negative, rude, poorly, deflate, immoral, improper, minor, lacking, offensive, awful, hollow, dejected, uneven, shaky, repel, exclude, dip, loss, tasteless, conflict, corrupt, messy, appalling, deteriorate, unfriendly, disappear, veto, go down, vagueness, collapse, turn down, nobody, reserved, disgusting, undermine, horrible, dreadful, cloudy, separately, fall, indifference, melancholy, coldness, unsatisfactory, put off, wicked, hazy, rudeness, incompetent, wickedness, failure, chill, inept, bore, foolish, split, illogical, vile, recede, contradict, worsen, fake, senseless, clumsy, impossible, unprepared, treacherous, remote, unfair, unlikely, departure, break down, harmful, little, unhealthy, finish, misery, unsettled, break up, rundown, remove, inattentive, fade, invisible, confusion, flawed, despondent, forbid, condemn, narrow, cruel, inferior, reduction, indistinct, unfriendliness, limited, violate, crooked, run down, disreputable, sadness, confused, bar, question, waste, …

stiff, hard, tough, harsh, strong, heavy, difficult, sharp, serious, loud, tense, strict, tight, severe, deep, intense, extreme, demanding, anxious, rough, inflexible, rigid, extraordinary, harshly, critical, violent, great, stiffness, elaborate, fierce, seriously, unusual, wild, arrogant, fiery, important, provoke, passionate, challenging, agitated, forceful, keen, excited, powerful, aggressive, strenuous, stubborn, angry, thick, taut, edgy, unyielding, pompous, exceptional, bias, firm, pungent, resistant, involved, severely, aggravate, complex, significant, intractable, obstinate, extremely, nervous, anxiously, agitate, hot, heavily, burning, raucous, noisy, enormous, busy, roughly, steep, exciting, furious, violently, grave, brash, stout, overpowering, arduous, weighty, huge, stern, excessive, rebellious, acute, fantastic, gross, inflexibility, upset, expensive, tricky, hectic, forced, thorny, enthusiastic, unbending, uncompromising, formidable, special, complicated, tempestuous, concerned, impatient, troubled, worried, heated, jumpy, fat, intensely, strident, remarkable, chunky, pointed, incredible, different, overwrought, wildly, overwhelming, out of the ordinary, conceited, testing, superior, peppery, annoyed, cutting, restless, exceptionally, ferocious, noisily, hefty, occupied, unnatural, flaming, piercing, obdurate, biting, strange, monstrous, unusually, oppressive, massive, beside yourself, acerbic, robust, fiercely, hit, taxing, excessively, desperately, prodigious, haughty, snobbish, virulent, formal, panic, crucial, sturdy, dramatic, grueling, extraordinarily, husky, concern, vital, extravagant, close, unruly, boisterous, peculiar, bulky, bizarre, self-important, rich, awkward, profound, raucously, major, pretentious, big, overbearing, heavy-duty, …

calm, soft, relaxed, easy, mild, gentle, modest, quiet, simple, calmly, smooth, relax, ordinary, free, easygoing, calm down, cool, slightly, compliant, insignificant, empty, light, indifferent, weak, minor, peaceful, flexible, slight, tranquil, moderate, gently, normal, loose, soothe, lax, lenient, blunt, unconcerned, quietly, humble, tiny, serene, release, dry, run of the mill, still, understated, softness, meek, submissive, thin, apathetic, modestly, straightforward, normally, soothing, common, lightly, docile, natural, trivial, restrained, mildly, placid, impartiality, unremarkable, surrender, neutral, bland, laid-back, give in, tame, small, composed, softly, stillness, flexibility, mellow, temperate, pale, leisurely, ease, tolerant, dull, pacify, weakness, plain, calmness, pliant, supple, unimportant, settle down, yielding, relaxing, undemanding, hushed, serenity, quietness, slack, peaceable, peacefully, pliable, dispassionate, uninvolved, chill out, untroubled, innocent, appease, slender, minute, unassuming, reasonable, kindly, muted, unpretentious, lightweight, routine, pacific, tranquillity, slim, yield, nonchalant, placate, undisturbed, spare, unflustered, unexceptional, peace, acquiescent, pleasant, open, malleable, smile, economical, sedate, average, give up, delicately, laissez-faire, subservient, soften, idle, everyday, gentleness, ductile, unperturbed, low-key, blasé, biddable, sparse, elastic, leniently, alleviate, little, middling, unflappable, unimpressed, moderately, undistinguished, lightheartedly, lull, insignificantly, stress-free, permissive, defuse, available, commonplace, quiet down, limp, typically, hush, skinny, minimalist, humbly, relaxation, tolerance, unwind, well-behaved, faint, trim, regularly, coolly, accommodating, kind, usually, restful, orderly, serenely, at ease, effortless, mollify, boring, generally, at peace, uncomplicated, carefree, low key, slowly, humility, relieve...

release, free, open, go, expose, fire, new, freedom, brief, start, loose, opening, independent, reveal, excess, leave, give, quick, let go, discharge, separate, undo, green, hasty, fast, untie, far, young, let loose, different, early, deliver, carelessly, extravagance, quickly, original, set free, first, disclose, single, precipitate, fresh, rapid, surrender, sell, make public, rapidly, set off, hastily, speed up, periphery, circulate, fly, liberate, relent, front, youthful, uncover, dismiss, far away, border, liberated, prompt, activist, bare, firstly, automatically, loosen, unintentionally, give in, edge, distribute, dig up, split, let off, depart, unwrap, accidentally, exposed, far-flung, unlock, at liberty, surplus, publish, hurried, take off, unfasten, divulge, outward, dilettante, unveil, outside, unusual, carelessness, unthinkingly, unconventional, recklessness, yield, unearth, preliminary, unchain, unfetter, spendthrift, send out, initial, run off, publicize, starting, introductory, send, impulsive, share, betray, let out, unbind, give up, released, fleeting, margin, wastefulness, surface, beyond, merrily, innocently, unconstrained, liberation, swift, unrestricted, fringe, before, disinter, modern, speedy, supply, spread about, exude, immediately, go off, flying, temporary, outskirts, profligacy, space, exhume, briefly, rash, landlord, unmarried, hurry, rashly, forward, inexperienced, leave go of, move, emancipate, flexible, give notice to, branch out, promptly, dig out, unhook, at large, unleash, individual, external, far afield, a long way, give out, unconsciously, sudden, reckless, momentary, unused, available, uninhibited, overkill, too much of a good thing, heavy-handedness, speedily, hit the road, accelerate, disengage, begin, casually, improvidence, fringes, outer edge, suburbs, outer reaches, preparatory, uncovered, unconfined, make tracks, get a move on, bring to light, uncontrolled, lend, allow to go, ahead, deliverance

close, detain, restraint, restrain, confine, capture, conceal, hold back, fasten, stay, compact, hold, final, slow, center, restricted, control, local, hold up, swallow, slowly, cover, keep, wait, deliberately, join, arrest, carefully, late, curb, holdup, eat, suppress, conclude, protracted, fixed, restrict, lock, imprisoned, lock up, seal, lingering, catch, last, freeze, confined, hide, bury, old, put away, conventional, linger, finalize, wrap up, caution, prolonged, closing, prudence, cautious, slow down, cover up, inside, seriousness, delay, finish, later, withhold, tie up, hitch, protect, finally, bind, contract, secure, back, jail, keep secret, moderation, catch-22, restriction, interior, on purpose, guarded, wariness, rear, keep under wraps, long, domestic, firm up, knowingly, unite, inward, stretched, trap, permanent, cushion, shut, conquer, shut in, fetter, keep in custody, set, close up, restrained, conservative, cautiously, put behind bars, parsimonious, shield, finale, keep quiet, detention, suppression, bring under control, bolt, block, captive, tenant, long-drawn-out, conclusion, impede, send down, settle, keep under control, put in jail, take, lockup, concluding, expanded, stretched out, lengthened, time-consuming, traditional, modify, associate, delayed, tame, at length, finish off, jailed, interned, behind bars, wary, hold down, lastly, experienced, considered, clip, follow, self-denial, caged, incarcerated, locked up, ordinary, covered, result, wrap, lengthy, repress, careful, captivity, lock in, dull, sober, parsimony, finishing, keep down, take in for questioning, constrict, take captive, plant, flat, push to, put down the lid, thrifty, slow up, cage, remain, land, get under somebody's feet, get in somebody's way, make somebody late, borrow, clasp, spun out, temperance, after, economical, the same, take somebody on, sign up, guzzle, within, secret, fence in, polish off, retain, lasting, put up the shutters, cocoon.

honestly, well, healthy, to recover, suitably , good, kindly, help good, promote, healthy, honest, honest, to please, friendly, success have, suitable, suitable, persist, kind, honest, good, kind, promote, to love, kind, succeed, recognize, quite, promote, decently, wages, to strengthen, pleasing, surely, certainly, clearly, honour, industrious up, suitable, pleasantly, wages, supported, industrious, healthy, wages, right, industriously, pleasing, entrance, right, cheerfully, attractively, pleasing, put, love, cheerful, to appreciate, praise, cheerful, freshly, decent, pleasant, develop, clear, strong, pleasant, friendly, decent, clear, courageously its, considered, occur, decent, lucky, agreements, yield, friendly, pleasing, put up, agreements, permitted, solemnly, recognize, friendly, yields, success, resemblances, beautifully, attentively, added, agreement , wages, wages, luck, confirmed, promoting acknowledgments, on the dam its, yields , resemblances, yield, yield, pleasant, encouraged, recognition, recognize , permitted, exciting, encourage, clear, accomodating, win respected, on the legs bring, right, exciting, remain, carefully, pleased, lively, recognized, help, to recognized, cheerful, beautiful, joy, prosper, support, fixed, assure, resemblance, to be connected, lucky, energize, use, completely, beautiful, attractive, better, strongly, justified, fixed, clearly, exciting, solemn, lucky, confessed, help, wise, attractive, fixed, freshness, promote, promoted, certainly, admire, core, promoted, live, to blow, solemn, conscientiously, into the hand take, cleanly, perfectly, are awake, eight to give, arrive, affection, kind, lively, help, to please, forward, careful, lively, desire, correctly, come occur, recognize, help, straight, finished, acknowledgment, luck, luck, careful, attentive, exactly, help, agreements, honour, good, praise, steadily, healthier

mad, madly, defy themselves mad, over-elevated, self-assured, critical, self-assuredly, haste, grosssprecherisch, up showers, critical, practice-substantial, critically, grossspurig, practice-substantially, hectically, grosssprecherische, hectic, herrisch, grossspurige, grosssprecherischen, hectic, arrogant, grossspurigen, herrische, arrogantly, self-assured, practice-substantial, excited, applied, anmassend, arrogant, fastidiously, exert, sudden, anmassende, extremely, blown up, rebel, immodestly, herrischen, applied, suddenly, accelerated, extraordinarily, hurry, look up-exciting, zornige, arrogant, instructions, excessive, immodest, excite, affectedly, heavy, anmassenden, waste, oppose, more absurd, unusually, excessively, arrogantly, applied, strike, affected, sudden, exaggerate, to the load put, immodest, unusual, fastidious, affected, blown up, unusually, fastidious, excessive, suddenly, rush, unusual, moved, dare, hectic, zornig, luxuriös, Getue, immoderately, much, anger, provoke, blown up, erpicht, worry, defiance to offer, mad, excited, arrogant, raising, greedy, movement, protzig, unrest, importunately, hastily, excited, greedily, remarkably, importunate, extremely, precede, stress, magnificently, to take itself out, ereifern, rave themselves, heated up, Rabatz make, look up-exciting, into which shoes push, dicktuerisch, entrüsten, raising, proudly, protzige, luxuriösen, zornigen, rear up, luxuriöse, open, fast, immoderate, spanningness, surprisingly, accumulation, forgotten, cut themselves open, importantly, sudden, excite themselves, and ago, prevail, race, greedy, heat up, request, immoderate, thoughtless, attack, resist, look up-exciting, dicktuerische, extraordinary, passionately, heavily, work, protzigen, attack, klotzig, hero, many, radically, attacked, chests, delirium, spanningnesses, revolt themselves, saucy, extraordinary, hasty, importunate, noise,…

Released, handed over, distributed, wasted, give, give, refunded, give , solve, deliver, deliveries, release prayer, hand over, hand over, waste, show, release, paid, given, spent, give, release, give, release, which give liberty, gifts, release, give, loslassest, give, donate, spend, left, given, out-divided, separately, released, spend, hand over, give, hand over, deliver, abandon, leave, presented, release, release, spend, wasted, released, return, released, freely, revealed, gave, reject, released, exposed, hand over released , spent, spend, spend, release, forgets, delivered, provided, offers, issues, handed over, sensitive, recompensed, issued, liberating, returned, to come leave, distributed, release, hand over, return, sacrifices, returned, release, answer, donate, loosens, returns, release, distribute, dismisses, solved, abandoned, supplies, abandon, relinquishments, distribute, less, distribute, wasted, abandons, distribute, donate, donates, refund, separate, return, surrendered, presented, spent, mürbe, gave, handing over, separate, done without, deliver, give, spend, release, out-divides, undressed , sacrifices, delivered, returns, solves, relieved, abandons, returns , giving, offered, apart from, sends, relieves, delivers, wastes , out-divided, solves, more flexible separates, gives, loosely, spends, gives, pays, relieves, pays, out-divided, betrayed, separates, solved, susceptible, separates, released, releases, turns, now, released, expenditure-divided, solved, sensitive, releases, separates, pays, sacrifices, returned, freely moves, paid, separated, freilassest, away-given, revealing liberties, sensitively, carried, separates, delivered, pimpelige, soft, distribute, spend, scattered, out-divided, out-divided, sold, distributed, be responsible for, cut open, away-given, return, loosely, …

Words have similar locations on different maps

English

English

French

English

English

English

wordsall

4

pairs synonympairs antonym

|| aababH

36,000 English words, 500 Medline abstracts allocated in 10-D space

“The development of noninvasive methods capable of affording ever higher resolution images is an ongoing major objective of scientific investigation for the benefit of both clinical medicine and neuroscience. Since its development in the early 1970s, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has remained a technology of choice for medical imaging development because of the wide range of potential clinical applications.”

“7-Nor-20-oxopregn-5-en-3 beta-yl acetate was converted into (20R)-5 beta,6 beta-epoxy-7-nor-5 beta-pregnane-3 beta,20-diyl diacetate in three steps. Stereospecific migration of the 6 alpha-hydride ion led to a 6-oxo derivative with a 5 alpha-configuration.”

“Tacrolimus is used widely for immuno-suppression following transplantation. It has rarely been linked to the development of peripheral neuropathy.”

“Drosophila courtship is a complex behavior. A new study shows that glia modulate neurotransmission to influence male preference, but the authors should have resisted the temptation to describe their results in tabloid language.”

{ if you do not believe, here is the reference: Levine, J. D. (2008). Glia and romance. Nature Neuroscience, 11(1):8-10. }

So is it not with me as with that Muse, Stirr'd by a painted beauty to his verse, Who heaven itself for ornament doth use And every fair with his fair doth rehearse, Making a couplement of proud compare' With sun and moon, with earth and sea's rich

gems, With April's first-born flowers, and all things

rare, That heaven's air in this huge rondure hems. O! let me, true in love, but truly write, And then believe me, my love is as fair As any mother's child, though not so bright As those gold candles fix'd in heaven's air: Let them say more that like of hearsay well; I will not praise that purpose not to sell.

Poor soul, the centre of my sinful earth, My sinful earth these rebel powers array, Why dost thou pine within and suffer dearth, Painting thy outward walls so costly gay? Why so large cost, having so short a lease, Dost thou upon thy fading mansion spend? Shall worms, inheritors of this excess, Eat up thy charge? Is this thy body's end? Then soul, live thou upon thy servant's loss, And let that pine to aggravate thy store; Buy terms divine in selling hours of dross; Within be fed, without be rich no more: So shall thou feed on Death, that feeds on

men, And Death once dead, there's no more dying

then.

The most “positive” joke: Berthelot was so proud of his Legion

d'Honneur that he had a lab coat made with a hole in it, through which you could see and admire the medal

The most “exciting” joke: Evariste Galois was not only a

mathematical genius but also a dedicated revolutionary. Ironically, he proved that many problems cannot be solved by radicals.

Next-to-the-most “exciting”: In response to a fellow train passenger who

asked him his occupation, Albert Einstein answered that he was an artist's model reflecting Einstein's feeling, that he was constantly posing for sculptures and paintings.

The most “free” or “open”: A while back I went on a trip and I passed by

this little shop that sold postcards and stuff. So I stopped in and sent a card to a friend of mine back home - it was a satellite picture of the entire earth and on the back I wrote "Wish you were here". (Steven Wright)

Optimized distributions of words are low-dimensional

Significant principal components of the map have unique identifiable semantics that are applicable to all domains of knowledge

Semantics of the first 3 PCs are robustly consistent across corpora, languages and methodologies (e.g., the same semantics have the first two PCs of psychometric data)

Semantic cognitive mapping method has several interesting practical applications that otherwise are hard to imagine

GMU BICA & CC:

Kenneth A. De Jong Giorgio A. Ascoli Mark A. Coletti Robert Lakatos Deepankar Sharma Tashfeen Bhimdi Anastasia Kitsantas Nada Dabbagh Erin E. Peters M. Layne Kalbfleisch

Semantic cognitive mapping of language:

Giorgio A. Ascoli Thomas T. Sheehan Colin Sherrill

The AAAI 2008 Fall Symposium on BICA: …

Thank you for your attention.