Alexandria Alexandria University University Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering Dept.
Mar 26, 2015
Alexandria UniversityAlexandria UniversityFaculty of EngineeringFaculty of Engineering
Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering Dept.
INLAND WATER TRANSPORTATIONINLAND WATER TRANSPORTATION
Institute of Marine Engineers “Egypt Branch”
Prepared By
Mohamed Salah Ebeida
The BSC Seminar
I. IntroductionI. Introduction
Importance of transportation to economic growth for different nations
Environmental impacts of different transportation systems
II. Transportation mode II. Transportation mode comparisoncomparison
a. Energy Efficiency
Inland Barges moves longer distances considering the same amount of cargo and the same amount of consumed fuel
420
660
2100
540
1130
2800
990
1720
3420
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Operating Line-haul Modal
BargesRailTruck
BTU/ Ton-mile
=> Measures of freight Energy Efficiency <=
Highway trucking is intermixed in traffic with automobiles and, in urban areas, with pedestrians.
Rail shipment involve large number of massive units traveling at high speed.
Waterway environment has few crossing junctures and is remote from population centers.
Hazardous cargoes have more protection when transported using barges.
b. Safety
Congestion wastes valuable energy resources and increases personal trip time
Waterway industry has met the increase in additional cargo demand by building fewer tow boats with greater horsepower
Rail also operates on a dedicated right-of-way so it have no congestion problem but it can cause serious congestion problems for others
c. Congestion
Each tow added to our Egyptian inland fleet will replace 900 trucks moving on our high ways
d. Air / Noise pollution
Vessels produce 33 % less pollutants than diesel trains and 373 % less than diesel trucks
Again, road traffic is, by far, the dominant source of pollutant emissions.
0.09
0.46
0.63
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
HC
0.2
0.64
1.9
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.61.8
2
CO
0.53
1.83
10.17
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
NO
Barges
Rail
Truck
Pounds / 1000 ton mile
e. Land use / Social impact
•While trucks and trains, to a degree, operate much closer to populated areas, barges quietly make their way along isolated waterways for most of their trip.
•With some rail lines passing through major urban areas, the attendant noise impacts are experienced by nearby residents
Social Costs In Relation To Transport Modalities (In %)
SOCIAL COST AIR RAIL Barges ROAD TOTAL
AIR POLLUTION 2 4 3 91 100
NOISE POLLUTION
26 10 0 64 100
LAND COVERAGE
1 7 1 91 100
CONSTRUCTION / MAINTENANCE
2 37 5 56 100
ACCIDENTS / CASUALITIES
1 1 0 98 100
A 826% increase in fuel use annually A 709% increase in exhaust emissions annually A 5,967% increase in probable accidents each year The need to annually dispose of 2,746 used truck
tires, and An additional truck traffic load of 1,333 heavy vehicles each day in the study corridors
In an analysis carried out by the Illinois State Water Survey, U.S.A. in 1993 What was determined in the analysis was that a shift to trucks from vessels would cause:
f. Environmental Aspects
There are a number of coincidental benefits There are a number of coincidental benefits related to water transportation. Other major related to water transportation. Other major beneficiaries includebeneficiaries include
RecreationWildlife habitatFlood controlPublic water supplyIrrigationIndustrial use
Conclusion
Effective inland transport system is very essential for any economic growth.
Inland water transportation is a safe, quiet, virtually invisible transportation system and has the unique capability to carry tremendous amounts of cargo.
Inland water transportation is the most environmentally friend mode.
1. Canalizing and deepening the barges’ path in the River.
2. Construction and Maintenance of Dams and locks to ensure reasonable and constant depth of water as possible.
3. Construction of canals to be used mainly for water transport if the volume of commodity to be transported makes this possible from an economical point of view.
4. Construction of loading and unloading facilities
Responsibility of governmental authorities:
III. Now discussing an example of how the developed countries deal
with their waterways
Europe has a finely-meshed network of navigable waterways.
It is difficult to think of a destination in Europe that cannot be reached by water.
Every year more than 400 million tons (that is 400 billion kilos!) are transported by water. More than 60% of the total international cargo transport occurs by ship!
NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT
AZIPOD® - Azimuthing Electric Propulsion Drive
Results reached till now
a) 15 % lower fuel consumption, emission levels and maintenance costs; b) 30% increase in cargo volume and payload capacity
c) New hull forms with 10% better performance in comparison with current modern inland ship designs
IV. ANALYSIS OF EGYPTIAN INLAND WATER
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
a. Classes of the Egyptian waterways
No country possesses a vast net of inland waterways like Egypt. In fact, every city, town and village lies on the river or one or more of its branches or existing navigable canals.
b. Units used in the Egyptian waterways
Self propelled barges
340 unitsPusher barge and pushed dumb barge
340 unitsPusher tug and pushed dumb barges
10 unitsTowing tug and towed dumb barges
c. Current Projects
Converting the Damietta branch to a first class route
200 million L.E.
Re-open and develop the Ismailia Canal
175 million L.E.
the connection of Dekhiela port with the Egyptian inland waterways network.
Under study?!!
d. Position of inland water transportation among the other modes in Egypt:
In 1980 a study made by Louis Berger Bureau stated the following data
11.613.4
75
10.813
76.2
18.6
26
55.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1975 1980 1985
BargesRailTruck
%
The Study predicted rise in the share of inland water transportation by the year 1985
• Unfortunately days has proved that these predictions were not correct
• The situation got worse as the following data recorded by the Ministry of Transport show:
13.214
72
11.813.75
74.5
36
91
0102030405060708090
100
1977 1988 1990
BargesRailTruck
%It is believed nowadays (year 2000), that the share of the inland water transport is less than 1.5% !
Personal CommentPersonal Comment
This weak participation of inland water transportation is not accepted at all as it costs our economy thousands of pounds every day
The decision makers ignore this mode completely when speaking about development of transportation
The role of the private sector is to be improved