Alexander IV to Mont Cornillon (1260) 3

Hôpital de Cornillon. 76. 2r-3v. Archives de l’État de Belgique à Liège. Transcription available in Denis, Émile. Sainte Julienne et Cornillon: Étude Historique. Liège: Société Anonyme, 1927. 75-78.

Hôpital de Cornillon 76 is a codex of 28.5 cm in length by 21.5 cm in width. The body of the codex includes eighty-six numbered folios preceded by four unnumbered folios. It has full, tight-backed binding with a dark-brown, leather cover. It shows considerable wear and tear especially at the corners and edges. It is covered with scuffs and creases. An archivist’s printed label has been affixed around the top spine. On the part of this label that extends over the front cover is written in what appears to be pencil, “76 Cornillon.” On the part of this label that covers the spine, there is some writing in ink, including what appear to be thefragments “Cor,”“14,” “Par,” and “1.” Underneath this label on thespine, another fragment of a printed label is visible on which are visible the letters P and N in two different modern printed fonts. There are turn-ins over both the front and back boards. The doublures are in paper, covered with writing in the same hand as thebody of the codex and pasted on top of the turn-in in the back and under the turn-in in the front.

8 Paper making up

8 Paper doublure,turned back to reveal writing similar to that in the body of the codex on itsunderside, an additional paperunderneath that makes up the first paper layer of the board, fold-overs at top andbottom, leather

8 Parchment with writing different from that in the

8 86

Hôpital de Cornillon 76, Inside Back Cover

It is not clear whether the position of the turn-in of the front cover is original or if it has its current configuration because it has peeled back. The writing on the doublures is not continuous with writing on the first and last sides of the body of the codex. The body of the codex is sewn onto four leather cords that run underneath the outside front and back covers. These thread through to the inside covers through holes in the boards then through additional holes to the outsides and back inside through yet additional holes where they are knotted. These knots would have been concealed by the doublures but are visible because the doublures have peeled back. The boards themselves seem to have been made out of several thicknesses of paper and parchment glued together. These are visible because the doublures have peeled back. Near the spine, rectangular pieces and strips of parchment have been glued just under the

8 Leather strings move from binding (a)under the back cover,through to inside of the board (under the doublure), back to theoutside of the board (under the

ab

c

doublures. In the case of the back cover, one of these strips covers the turn in and seems to have been put in place to protectsome of the cords. In the case of the front cover, they are underneath the turn in. It is unclear whether this was the original position of these parchment pieces or if it appears thisway because the turn-in of the front cover has peeled back. The parchment strips and rectangles have writing in hands that appearto be different from that of the body of the codex. Three of these pieces of parchment include writing with rubrication. Other visible sheets of paper that make up the boards and that are visible underneath the peeled-back doublures seem to be in the same hand as that of the body of the codex. There are four holes piercing both the front and back boards at the centers of the tops, bottoms, and front edges.

The final side (86v) has writing into the middle of the page, leaving the rest as blank space. It is possible the scribe had ablank codex on hand in which she or he wrote the entire collection of transciptions, carefully choosing a final document that would fit the remaining pages. This scribe would very likely have been involved in some way in the creation of the binding because of the presence of what appears to be her or his writing on the pages that make up the boards. Indeed, this similarity makes it likely that both the boards and the codex came from the same source. Thus, at some point after 1410 (the latest date on any of the documents transcribed in the codex), a person in possession of the complete book (perhaps the scribe whocreated it) either made a binding for the codex using scrap paperfor the boards that was ready to hand. Alternately, she or he contracted with a book binder to create the binding and at this time also supplied scrap paper to make up the boards. The contentof the codex, the transcriptions, may have come into being beforeor after its binding.

Barring dramatic falsification, the scribe who created the codex made it all at once, rather than bit-by-bit as Mont Cornillon engaged new contacts and settlements. Its 114 transcriptions span the years 1176 to 1410 and are in the same hand. Moreover, the chronology of the documents is very loose. Though the first sixty documents are generally earlier (1176-1322), they do not appear in chronological order, and the later

seventy-four documents ping-pong between contracts engaged in theearly fifteenth-century and those engaged in the mid thirteenth to early fourteenth. The layout of the transcriptions is continuous, with each new document added immediately after its predecessor, taking up whatever space is left the page.

0 20 40 60 80 100 1201050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

1450 Hôpital de Cornillon 76: Chronology of Transciptions

Order of Documents

Date of Documents

The codex is part of the archive of the leprosarium of Mont Cornillon. The archive formally belongs to the local Centre Public de l’Aide Sociale, but it has been lodged with the BelgianState Archives in Liège since 1895.1 Mont Cornillon itself ceased to exist sometime after 1810 in which year the Commission des Hospices Civils decided that in spite of the community’s having been suppressed in 1797, its last healthy residents would have guaranteed housing and pensions for the duration of their lives. In 1860, the Commission sold Mont Cornillon’s remaining

1 Françoise LeCompte, Inventaire des archives de l’Hôpital de Cornillon à Liège (Brussels :Archives Générales du Royaume, 1984), 6.

buildings, which included the house of the community’s rector andthe convent for healthy male residents. The latter structures still exist today.2

If the scribe who created Hôpital de Cornillon 76 is to be believed, the document on 2r-3v is a copy of an original parchment that she or he had in hand. The scribe included descriptions of the seals of Pope Alexander IV, the purported author of the document, and of seven cardinals who are said to have served as witnesses. No original exists for the document inMont Cornillon’s archive today nor does notice of the document appear in lists or editions of Alexander IV’s acts.3

[2r] Chiapres sensiet li grant privilege de pape Alexandre quartre / abveque le signe de pape / et des cardinals abveques leurs noms / dedens quelh privilege sont

What follows communicates thegreat privilege of Pope Alexander IV, with the seal of the Pope and of the cardinals with their names, in which privilege are

2 Ibid., 5.3 MM. C. Bourel de La Roncière, J. de Loye de Cenival, and A. Coulon, Les

Registres d’Alexander IV : Recueil de bulles de ce pape publiées ou analysées d’après les manuscrits originaux des archives du Vatican II (Paris : Joseph de Loye and Pîerre de Cenival, 1917), http://archive.org/stream/lesregistresdegr02cathuoft#page /n5/mode/2up; August Potthast, Regesta Pontificorum Romanorum inde ab a. post Christum natum MCXCVIII ad a. MCCCIV II (Berlin: Rudolph De Decker, 1874), https://archive.org/details /RegestaPontificumRomanorumIndeAbA.PostChristumNatumMcxcviiiAdA.

58 de la rue d’Amercoeur. known today as theCour des Prebendiers, is one of two remaining structures that once housed men

confirmeitz toutez lez aultrez pivilegez concedeitz dez papez de Romez / et dez evequez desouz copiiez.

confirmed all the other privileges, copied below, conceded by the Roman popes and by the bishops.

Alexander episcopus servus servorum dei Delictis filiis Pirori domus leprosorum ad radicum montis cornelii iuxta leodium / ejusque fratribus tamfuturum quam presentiubus ⁄ regularem vitam professis in perpetuum. 4

Alexander, bishop, slave of the slaves of God. To the beloved children, Prior, and brothers of the house of those with leprosy at the foot of Mont Cornillon near Liège, professing the regularlife, both in the future and in the present in perpetuity.

Religiosam vitam eligentibus apostolicum convenit adesse presidium ne forte cuiuslibet temeritatis incursus / aut eos a proposito revocet / aut roburquod absit sacre religionis infringat /

It is suitable that papal protection should come to those choosing the religious life lest some incursion of pride should recall them fromthis purpose or that the strength of sacred religion that might flow away should diminish.

Eapropter dilecti in domino filii / vestris iustis postulantionibus clementer annuimus et domum leprosorum ad

Therefore beloved sons in theLord, I leniently agree to your requested rights, and wetake under our protection and

4 Compare de La Roncière et. al., vol. I, 107, “magistro et fratribus hospitalis leprosorum sancti Lazari Jerosolatini, ordinis sancti Augustini,” 22 March 1255; 121, “Magistris et fratribus hospitalis leprosorum sancti Lazari Jerosolamitani, ordinis sancti Augustini,” 18 February 1255; 370, “magistro, et fratibus domus leprosorum Sancti Lazari, Mutinensis diocesis’’ 4 march 1256; vol. 2, 722, “magistro et fratribus domus militia Leprosorum Sancti Lazari Jerosolimitane,” 22 november 1257; vol. 3, 8, “magistro et fratribus domus leprosorum Sancti Thome de Frusinone, Verulane diocesis,ˮ 9 February 1259; 112. “priori et fratribus hospitalis leprosorum Sancte Marie Magdalene et Sancte Lazari Vallis Donize Castellane diocesis,ˮ 7 may 1260.

radicem montis cornelii iuxta leodium in qua divino estis obsequio mancipati sub beati petri / et nostra protectione suscipimus et presentis scriptiprivilegio communimus /

under the protection of blessed Peter the house of those with leprosy at the foot of Mont Cornillon next to Liège in which you are surrendered to divine services, and we strengthen the privilege with the present writing.

In primis siquidem statuimus utordo canonicus qui secundum deum et beati Augustini regulamin eadem domo institutus esse dinoscitur / perpetuis ibidem tempibus inviolabiliter observatur /

In the first place, since we decree that the canonical regulation that, in accord with God and the rule of the blessed Augustine, was instituted in this very houseshall be recognized, likewiseit shall for all time be observed inviolably.

Preterea quascumque possessiones quecumque bona eadem domus in presentiarum iuste ac canonice possidet aut in futurum quas concessione pontificum largitione regum velprincipum oblatione fidelium seu aliis iustis modis prestante domino poterit adipisci / ferma vobis vestrisque successoribus et illibata permaneant.

Therefore, any possessions, any goods this same house possesses at the present moment by right, and indeed in conformity with Church law, or any it will be able to attain in the future, the Lord permitting, by means of a concession by a bishop, thelargess of a king or prince, the gift of the faithful or other means, will remain secure and intact for you andfor your successors.

In quibus hec propriis duximus exprimenda vocabulis

Among which goods we considered those to be insisted upon by specific names:

[2v] Locum ipsum in quo prefatadomus sita est cum omnibus pertinenciis suis grangiam que bovaria dicitur cum omnibus pertinenciis suis curtem de Retinez cum decimis terris pratis et omnibus pertinenciis suis / curtem de lantines cum terris pratis et omnibus pertinenciis suis / de Juprelleet de Onche curtes cum omnibus pertinenciis earumdem / molendina que habetis in locis qui Jupihle / londos et ans vulgariter nominantur cum aquarum decursibus et omnibus pertinenciis eorumdem usum lignorum quem habetis in silvisvirdunensis Episcopi et ComitisClaromontensis annuos redditus quos habetis in Civitate leodiensi cum terris pratis vineis nemoribus usuagiis et pascuis in bosca et plano in aquis et molendis in viis et semitis et omnibus aliis libertatibus et immunitatibus suis /

The place itself on which thehouse is sited with all of its accoutrements, the granary which is called Bovaria with all of its accoutrements, the house and yard at Retinne with the ten fields of meadow and all of its accoutrements, the house and yard at Lantin with the field of meadow and all of its accoutrements, the house and yards at Juprelle and Onche with all of their accoutrements, the mills thatyou have in the places that are commonly called Jupille, Londos, and Ans with the waterways and all of their accoutrements, the use of wood which you have in the forests of the Bishop of Verdun and of the Count of Claremont, the annual payments rendered in the Cityof Liège along with the fields of meadow, vineyards, forests, with the right to use pastures in both the groves and the plains, the right to use the waters and mills, the roads and pathways, and all of their liberties and immunities.

Sane novalium vestrorum que propriis manibus et sumptibus colitis de quibus aliquis

Absolutely no one shall presume to exact or extort tithes from you from the feed

hactenus non percepit sive de vestrorum animalium nutrimentisnullas a vobis decimas exigere vel extorquere praesumat /

of your animals or from your enclosed land that you cultivate with your own handsand expenditures, land from which no one up to this pointhas taken harvests.

Liceat quoque vobis clericos vel laycos liberos et absolutoshaec / e / seculo fugientes / ad comansionem recipere et eos absque contradictione aliqua retinere /

Likewise it is without any contradiction permissible foryou to receive and to retain in the shared dwelling clerics or free unmarried laypersons fleeing from the world.

Prohibemus insuper ut nulli fratrum vestrorum post sanctam in domo vestra professionem fassit / sine prioris sui licentiade eodem loco / nisi arctioris religionis obtentu / discedere discedentem vero absque communium litterarum vestrarum cautione / nullus audeat retinere.

We moreover prohibit that it should be proper to any of your brothers to withdraw after a sacred profession in your house without permissionof its prior except by attaining to a stricter religious life and yet no oneshould venture to restrain someone in the process of separating, except by means of a collectively composed document of warning.

Cum autem generale interdictum terre fuerit liceat vobis clausis januis exclusis excommunitatis et interdictis non pulsatis campanis suppressavoce divina officia celebrare dummodo causam non dederitis interdicto.

Now, when there should be a general interdict upon the land, so long as you had not provided grounds for the interdict, you are permitted to celebrate divine offices with a subdued voice, not striking the bells, shutting out the interdicted and excommunicated with closed

doors.

Crisma vero / oleum sanctum / consecrationes altarium seu basilicarum ordinationes clericorum qui ad ordines fuerint promovendi de dyocesanosuscipietis Episcopo siquidem catholicus fuerit et gratiam etcommunionem sancte romane sedishabuerit et ea vobis voluerit sine pravitate aliqua exhibere /

And indeed you will receive from the bishop of the diocese the chrism, the holy oil, the consecrations of thealtars or basilicas, the ordinations of clerics who will have been ready to be advanced to orders always assuming that he will be in conformity with church doctrine and will have the favor and mutual participation of the holy Roman see, and that he will want, without any distortion,to render these things to you.

Prohibemus insuper ut infra fines parochie vestre nullus sine assensu dyocesani episcopiet vestro cappelam seu oratorium construere de novo salvis privilegiis [3r] pontificum romanorum. Ad hec novas et indebitas exactions abarchepiscopis, episcopis, archdyaconis seu decanis allis que omnibus ecclesiasticis secularibusve personis a vobis omnino fieri prohibemus. Sepulturum quoque ipsius loci liberam esse decernimus ut eorum devotioni et extreme voluntati qui se illic sepelirideliberavint / misi forte excommunicati verl interdicti

In addition, we prohibit, by means of the reserved privileges of the pontiff of the Romans, anyone within theconfines of your parish from daring to build anew a chapelor oratory without your assent and that of the bishopof the diocese. Moreover, weabsolutely prohibit all new and unwarranted exactions to be laid upon you by archbishops, bishops, archdeacons, or other deacons, and all secular ecclesiastics. Likewise we decree that burial in this place should be free from restrictions so that none

sint etiam publici usuarii / nullus obsistat salva tamen justitia illarum ecclesiarum a quibus mortuorum corpora assumuntur.

should impede the devotion and final wish of those who should decide to be buried there, unless they are by chance excommunicated or interdicted or are known usurers, with the rights, nonetheless, unimpaired of those churches to which the bodies of the dead are taken.

Decimas proterea et possessiones ad jus ecclesiarumvestrarum spectantes, que a laycis detinentur redimendi et legitime liberandi de manibus eorum et ad quas pertinent revocandi, libera sit vobis de nostra auctoritate facultas. Obeunte vero te, nunc ejusdem loci priore, vel tuorum quolibit successorum, nullus ibi qualibit susceptionis astutia seu violentia preponatur nisi quem fratres, communi consensu vel fratrum major pasrs consilii saniorissecundum Deum et beati Augustini regulam provideant eligendam.

In addition, considering tithes and possessions by thestandard of the rights of your churches, tithes and possessions that are withheldby laypersons and that are legitimately to be turned over and released from their hands and restored to those to whom they rightfully belong, the support of our authority shall be unlimited to you. Moreover no one there, confronting you, the current prior of this place, or any of your successors, will one way or another be set in authority of the asylum by means of cunning orviolence except if the brothers by means of the consensus of the community orby means of the majority of the assembly of the wiser brothers, in accord with God and the rule of blessed Augustine, have provided for

him to be elected.

Paci quoque et tranquilitati vestre paterna imposterum sollicitudine providere volentes auctoritate apostolicaprohibemus ut infra clausuras locorum seu grangiarum vestrorum nullus rapinam seu furtum facere / ignem apponere / sanguinem fundere / hominem temere capere / seu / interficere seu violentiam audeat exercere

Also, wishing, by means of fatherly solicitude, to provide hereafter for your peace and tranquillity, we prohibit through apostolic authority that anyone betweenthe fences of your locales orgranges should have the temerity to perpetrate robbery or plunder, to set a fire, to spill blood, or to seize a man, or, altogether, to dare to exercise violence or to kill.

Preterea omnes libertates et immunitates a predecessoribus nostris Romanis pontificibus domui vestre concessas / necnonlibertates et exemptiones secularium exactionum a regibuset principibus vel aliis fidelibus rationabiliter vobis indultas auctoritate apostolicaconfirmamus et presentis scripti privilegio communimus

Moreover we confirm by means of apostolic authority and wereinforce by means of the present writing all of the liberties and immunities having been conceded to your house by Roman popes, our predecessors, and indeed the liberties and exemptions fromsecular exaction, favors reasonably conceded to you bykings and princes or others of the faithful.

Decernimus ergo ut nulli omninohominum liceat prefateam domum temere perturbare aut eius possessiones auferre vel ablatas retinere minuere seu quibuslibet vexationibus fatigare

We conclude, therefore, that it is permissible to no men at all to have the temerity to perturb the aforementionedhouse or to carry off its possessions or to divide possessions into small portions to keep things

having been carried off or toharass by means of vexations;

sed omnia integra conserventur / eorum pro quorumgubernatione ac sustentatione concessa sunt usibus omnimodis profutura salva sedis apostolice auctoritate et dyocesani episcopi cononica iustitia / et in predictis decimis moderatione concilii generalis

rather, by the apostolic authority of the Holy see of Rome and the canonical justice of the diocesan bishop and, with respect to the aforementioned tithes, the moderation of a general assembly, all of their possessions will be conserveduntouched in the future, unimpaired for the direction and provision aid of them to whose various use they were conceded.

Si qua igitur in futurum [3v] ecclesiastica secularisve persona hanc nostram nostre constitutionis paginam sciens contra eam temere venire attemptaverit secundo tertiove tam commonita nisi reatum suum congrua satisfactione correxerit potestatis honorisque sui careat dignitate

If therefore, in the future, a secular or ecclesiastic person, knowing this documentof our orders should have in any way attempted to dare to come against it having been warned a second or third time, except if he will have corrected his status as accused by means of suitable satisfaction, he should be without the dignity of his power and honor.

Reamque se divino iudicio existere de perpetrata iniquitate cognoscat et a sacratissimo corpore et sanguine dei et domini redemptoris nostre Jhesu Cristialiena fiat atque in extremo

And by divine judgement he should acknowledge himself tobe the guilty party by havingcarried out an act of iniquity, and he should be alienated from the most sacred body and blood of God

examine districte subjaceat ultioni

and of the our lord redeemer Jesus Christ, and at the LastJudgement he should lie strictly exposed to punishment.

Cunctis autem eidem loco sua jura servantibus sit pax domininostri Jhesu Christi quatenus et hic fructum bone actionis percipiant et apud districtum judicem premia eterne pacis inveniant Amen/

Moreover, let there be the peace of our lord Jesus Christ for all of those who keep for this place their rules so that here they should both honourably gatherthe fruit of their actions and always find before the severe judge the favors of peace. Amen.

Ego Alexander catholice ecclesie episcopus.

Alexander, Bishop of the universal church.

Et dedans le signe qui est ronsde dit pape avoit ensi escrit /suscipe domine servum tuum in bonum /

And upon the seal, which is broken, of the aforementionedpope was written: Lord, receive your servant in righteousness.

Item enmy le dit signe deseur le crois  Sanctus petrus Sanctus paulus /

Likewise, in the middle of the aforementioned seal, above the cross: Saint Peterand Saint Paul.

Item desous le crois avait escript Alexander pp. IIII. Etapres sensiewent les noms des Cardinals deleis leurs signes en teile manière Premiers Ego frater Johannes titulari sti laurentii in lucina presbyter cardinalis

Likewise, under the cross waswritten Alexander pp. IIII. And afterward followed the names of the cardinals alongside their seals in the following manner:First, I, Brother John, cardinal-preacher of Saint

Ego frater hugo titulari sancteSabine presbyter cardinalisEgo Richardus Sti Angeli dyaconus CardinalisEgo Octavian ste Marie in via lata dyaconus CardinalisEgo Johannes sti nicolai in carcere tulliani dyaconus CardinalisEgo Ottobonus ati Adriani dyaconus CardinalisEgo Odo tusculanus episcopusEgo Stephanus penestrin episcopus

Laurence in Lucina5;I, Brother Hughes, cardinal-preacher of the church of Saint Sabina6;I, Richard, cardinal-deacon of Saint Angelus7;I, Octavian, cardinal-deacon of Saint Mary in the Via Lata8;I, John, cardinal-deacon of Saint Nicolas in Carcere Tulliani9;I, Ottobonus, cardinal-deaconof Saint Adrian10;I, Odo, bishop of Tusculum11;I, Stephan, bishop of Palestrina.12

5 John of Toledo, was a Cistercian religious who was promoted by Innocent IV in 1244, who later became the bishop of Porto, and who died in 1274. Louis de Mas Latrie, Tresor de chronologie, d’histoire et de geographie pour l’etude et emploides documents du moyen-age (Paris: Librarie Victor Palme, 1889), col. 1192, https://books.google.com/books?id=bi7pm_pL18EC&dq=tresor+de+chronologie&source=gbs _navlinks_s.

6 Hughes of Saint Cher, or of Saint Thierry, who was the general of the Dominican Order and the first Dominican cardinal, was promoted by InnocentIV in 1244 and died in Orvieto in 1262 or 1264. Ibid.

7 Richard Hannibaldi, or Annibaldi, of Molaria was the abbot of Monte Cassino, was promoted to be a cardinal-deacon by Gregory IX in 1237 or 1240, and died in 1274. Ibid., col. 1191.

8 Octavius Ubaldini, the bishop of Bologne and legate to Venice and Lombardy, was promoted to be a cardinal-deacon by Innocent IV in 1244 and died in 1273 or 1274. Ibid., col. 1192.

9 John Cajétan des Ursins, later Pope Nicolas III, was promoted to be a cardinal-deacon by Innocent IV in 1244. Ibid.

10 Ottobon of Fiesque, ou Fieschi, later Pope Adrien V, was promoted to be acardinal-deacon by his uncle Pope Innocent IV in 1251 or 1252. Ibid.

11 Odo of Chateauroux, legate to France and the Holy Lands, was promoted to the office of cardinal-bishop in 1244 by Innocent IV and died in Orvieto in 1273. Ibid.

12 Stephan, archbishop Esztergom and legate to Hungary and Slavonia, was promoted to the office of cardinal-bishop in 1252 or 1253 by Innocent IV

Et ly date delle bulle tantoistsensiet in teile manière Datum Anagnie per manum magistri Jordani ste Romane ecclesie notarii et vice cancelarii . V kalends Julii, indicatione secunda Incarnationis dominice Anno millesimo ducentesimo . lx°. pontificatus nostri dominiAlexandri pape quarti anno sexto

And the date of this bull nowcontinues in this way: Produced at Anagni by the hand of Master Jordan, notaryand vice chancellor of our Church of Saint Romanus, calends V of July13, in the second indication, in the year of the incarnation of the Lord one thousand two hundred LX in the sixth year of the pontificate of our Lord Pope Alexander the Fourth.

and died in 1266. Ibid.13 Sunday, June 27, 1260. Peter Brinkley, Medieval Calendar Calculator,

https://www.wallandbinkley.com/mcc/, based on C.R. Cheney, ed., Handbook of Dates for Students of English History, RHS Guides and Handbooks 4 (London, 1945; rpt. with corr. 1981). De Mas Latrie, col. 1118, places Alexander IV at Anagni from January 5 to 13 July of 1260.