Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehydes and Ketones Nomenclature Nomenclature Properties Properties Preparation reactions of Aldehydes Preparation reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones and Ketones Characteristic reactions of Characteristic reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehydes and Ketones Carbanion related reactions Carbanion related reactions Spectroscopy Spectroscopy
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Aldehydes and Ketones Nomenclature Properties Preparation reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Characteristic reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones.
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Aldehydes and Aldehydes and KetonesKetones
NomenclatureNomenclature PropertiesProperties Preparation reactions of Aldehydes and Preparation reactions of Aldehydes and
KetonesKetones Characteristic reactions of Aldehydes and Characteristic reactions of Aldehydes and
KetonesKetones Carbanion related reactionsCarbanion related reactions Spectroscopy Spectroscopy
Aldehydes and Aldehydes and KetonesKetones
NomenclatureNomenclature IUPACIUPAC CommonCommon
PropertiesProperties
Preparation of Preparation of Aldehydes and Aldehydes and
KetonesKetones Oxidation reactionsOxidation reactions Hydrolysis of Geminal DihalidesHydrolysis of Geminal Dihalides Hydration of AlkynesHydration of Alkynes Reactions with Acid Derivatives and Reactions with Acid Derivatives and
NitrilesNitriles Reaction with Carboxylic AcidsReaction with Carboxylic Acids Reaction with ThioacetalsReaction with Thioacetals
Aldehydes/Ketones via Aldehydes/Ketones via Oxidation ReactionsOxidation Reactions
From Alcohols via PCCFrom Alcohols via PCC From Alkenes via OzonolysisFrom Alkenes via Ozonolysis From Glycols via Periodic Acid CleavageFrom Glycols via Periodic Acid Cleavage
RCH2OHPCC
R C
O
H
R2CHOH PCC R C
O
R
ozonolysis R C
O
HR'CH CR2' +R C
O
R
R C
OH
CH2OH
R'
HIO4R C
O
R' +H C
O
H
Hydrolysis of Geminal Dihalides
Formation of Aldehydes or KetonesFormation of Aldehydes or Ketones
Cl2H2O
∆+ HCl2CHR C
O
HR
R2CCl2H2O
∆+ HCl2C
O
R R
Hydration of Hydration of AlkynesAlkynes
Markovnikov Addition Anti-Markovnikov Addition
R C CHH2O/H 2SO4
HgSO4R C
OH
CH2 R C
O
CH3
R C CH RCH CH
OH
R CH2 C
O
H1.
2.H2O2/OH -9-BBN
Reactions with Acid HalidesReactions with Acid Halides
Aldehydes via Selective ReductionAldehydes via Selective Reduction Lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydrideLithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride Rosenmund reduction Rosenmund reduction
Ketones via Friedel-Crafts AcylationKetones via Friedel-Crafts Acylation Ketones via reaction with OrganometallicsKetones via reaction with Organometallics
Grignard additions to form alcoholsGrignard additions to form alcohols Addition of water (hydration) to form gem-diolsAddition of water (hydration) to form gem-diols Addition of alcohols to form acetals/ketalsAddition of alcohols to form acetals/ketals Addition of HCN to form cyanohydrinsAddition of HCN to form cyanohydrins Addition of ammonia and ammonia derivativesAddition of ammonia and ammonia derivatives
Reduction Reactions of Reduction Reactions of Aldehydes and KetonesAldehydes and Ketones
Oxidation of Oxidation of Aldehydes and Aldehydes and
KetonesKetones Conversion of Aldehydes to Carboxylic acidsConversion of Aldehydes to Carboxylic acids Oxidation of Aromatic Aldehydes/Ketones to Oxidation of Aromatic Aldehydes/Ketones to
Benzoic acid derivativesBenzoic acid derivatives Haloform reaction of methyl carbonylsHaloform reaction of methyl carbonyls Periodic acid cleavage of vicinal dials/diketonesPeriodic acid cleavage of vicinal dials/diketones