ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS Introduction to Alcohols • Compounds in which the hydroxyl group is bonded to an alkyl group are called alcohols. They are known as alkyl derivative of water. • R – H H – OH R – OH alkane water alcohol 1. Classification of Alcohols A. According to The number of –OH Groups 1. Monohydric Alcohols CH 3 OH CH 3 CH 2 OH CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH methyl alcohol ethyl alcohol propyl alcohol 2. Polyhydric Alcohols B. According to The Carbon Atom Having The –OH Group 1. Primary (1 o )Alcohols 2. Secondary (2 o )Alcohols 3. Tertiary (3 o )Alcohols Example 1 Which of the following is an alcohol? Example 2 Which of the following is not an alcohol? Example 3 Which of the following is a monohydric alcohol? Example 4 Which of the following is a polyhydric alcohol? Example 5 Which of the followings are tertiary alcohols?
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ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS Introduction to Alcohols
• Compounds in which the hydroxyl group is bonded to an alkyl
group are called alcohols. They are known as alkyl derivative of water.
• R – H H – OH R – OH
alkane water alcohol
1. Classification of Alcohols A. According to The number of –OH Groups 1. Monohydric Alcohols
CH3OH CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CH2OH
methyl alcohol ethyl alcohol propyl alcohol
2. Polyhydric Alcohols
B. According to The Carbon Atom Having The –OH Group 1. Primary (1
o)Alcohols
2. Secondary (2
o)Alcohols
3. Tertiary (3o)Alcohols
Example 1
Which of the following is an alcohol?
Example 2
Which of the following is not an alcohol?
Example 3
Which of the following is a monohydric alcohol?
Example 4
Which of the following is a polyhydric alcohol?
Example 5
Which of the followings are tertiary alcohols?
2. Nomenclature of Alcohols
• Common names are used for simpler alcohols. Common names are
derived by naming the alkyl group attached to the –OH group and
then the word “alcohol” is added.
According to IUPAC system;
• Change last letter “–e” with “–ol” in the alkane name of longest
carbon atom chain in which hydroxyl group is bonded.
• Number the carbon atoms in the chain starting from nearer to the
hydroxyl group. Indicate the position of the hydroxyl group by using
number.
• If there are more than one –OH group, use “di, tri, tetra…” before