Alcohol

LA C O H O L

OC N T E N T S• 1. Title page• 2. Contents page• 3. What is alcohol• 4. Properties of Alcohol• 5. Industrial preparation of alcohol• 6. Industrial preparation: Method 1• 7. Industrial preparation: Method 2• 8.Uses of alcohol• 9. Social and physical effects of

appropriate alcohol consumption• 10. Social effects• 11. Physical effects• 12. Social and physical effects of

inappropriate alcohol consumption• 13. Social Effects

• 14. Physical effects to the body• 15. Physical effects to drinker and

others.• 16. Foetal Alcohol Syndrome• 17. What is FAS?• 18. Effects of FAS• 19. Effects of FAS• 20. Interview: Person 1• 21. Interview: Person 1• 22. Interview: Person 2• 23. Interview: Person 2• 24. Interesting facts• 25. Bibliography• 26. Bibliography

Alcohol is an organic, colourless, liquid substance which is formed through the fermentation of glucose and does not only refer to alcoholic beverages.

Alcohol is also known as ethanol, grain alcohol and ethyl alcohol.

Colourless liquid

Pleasant smell

Miscible with water and organic solvents.

Volatile

Highly flammable

Melting point: -117,3 degrees Celsius

Boiling point:

78,5 degrees Celsius

Industrial Preparation of Starch

The potatoes are crushed and steamed at

very high temperatures to prepare a starch solution

known as mash.

GerminationBefore hydrolysis, the starch goes through germination at high temperatures for a few days. Germinated starch is

known as malt.

Hydrolysis of StarchStarch is hydrolysed into

maltose by a enzyme called diastase.

2(C2H22O5) + nH2O 2C12H22O11

DID YOU KNOW

that ferm

entation is

also

known as anaerobic

Respiratio

n?

FermentationYeast is added to maltose which

then produces a maltase enzyme which turns maltose into glucose.

C12H22O11+H2O 2C6H12O6

The enzyme zymase turns glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

C6H12O6 C2H5OH+2CO2

The Preparation of ethanol by the fermentation of

molasses.

Molasses is diluted in water in the ratio of 1:5 (molasses :

water)

There is very little nitrogen in water.

Ammonium sulphate is added so that there is

enough nitrogen for the yeast.

The solution acidifies with a small amount of

sulphuric acid. Adding acid promotes yeast growth but not the growth of useless

bacteria.

The end solution is put into a large tank and yeast is added to it at

30 degrees Celsius and is kept for 2 to 3

days.

During this time, sucrase and zymase which are in yeast convert sugar into

ethanol.

Molasses is a dark

colourless viscous

liquid

left after th

e

crystallisation

of sugarcane juice

Used as a fuel in gasoline engines. It is the only liquid

with gasoline properties.

Latex

Synthetic rubber

Polymer resin

Butadiene (multipurpose raw material) is made

from ethanol.

Ethanol can be made into alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, ciders,

etc.

Preserve antibiotics

Used as a disinfecting handwash in

hospitals.

Perfumes

Used to sooth pain in wounds.

Allows for good times

Appropriate celebration

and partying

Brings people together

Allows appropriate for

bonding and friendship

Makes people more relaxed.

Stress reliever

Red wine is good for the heart.

You cause familyConflict and you

Become embarrassing

You display aggressivebehaviour.

Loss of job, therefore,

Loss of income

You become isolated fromother people

Brain damage, Stroke, addiction.

Blurred vision.

Slurred speech

Muscle weakness

Breathing might stop

Heart disease, irregular heartbeat

Stomach Ulcers

Liver disease or failure

Impotence in men, Infertility in women

Intestinal Cancer

Intestinal Ulcers

Bleeding throat

Osteoporosis

Reaction to danger becomes slower and the drinker puts

himself/herself and others in danger.

Pregnant drinkersGive birth to children with Foetal Alcohol Syndrome

Foetal Alcohol Syndrome is a series of abnormalities that are present at the time that the child is born due

to alcohol consumption by the mother.

Foetal Alcohol Syndrome is caused by the mother drinking

large amounts of alcohol around the time that the child is conceived and during

pregnancy.

Retarded growth before and after the baby is born.

Model of a foetal alcohol

syndrome baby

Mental retardation and delayed mental development

Model of a brain of a foetal

alcohol syndrome baby

Thin upper lip

Upturned nose.

Eyelid droop

Small eye openings.

Small head. Heart

Joints

Limbs

At what age did start drinking alcohol?

What are your reasons for drinking alcohol?

What are types of alcohol you consume and how

much do they cost?

What are the volumes of alcohol you consume

per day?

How often do you consume alcohol?

How does the alcohol affect you after consumption?

Where do you drink alcohol?

Who do you drink with?

Have you ever passed out after alcohol

consumption?

20 years old

I drink at parties and when I’m socialising and at home to relax.

Nederberg red wine which costs R70 and

Robertson’s wine which is R22.

1 glass which is 250ml.

No3 times a week

I just feel relaxed and stress-free

At home on most Occasions.

At dinner with family.

At what age did start drinking alcohol?

What are your reasons for drinking alcohol?

What are types of alcohol you consume and how

much do they cost?

What are the volumes of alcohol you consume

per day?

How often do you consume alcohol?

How does the alcohol affect you after consumption?

Where do you drink alcohol?

Who do you drink with?

Have you ever passed out after alcohol

consumption?

16 years old.

I drink for fun, I enjoy it, once I start I

can’t stop.

I drink whiskey which is R175 a bottle, Smirnoff

which is R50 and mostly beer.

I’m not sure, whenever I get the chance I

just drink.

Yes.

Everyday of every week.

I feel drowsy, it helps me fall asleep

At home.Friends and Roommates.

Ethanol is carcinogen

which means it is a

cancer causing agent.

Alcohol does not raisethe body temperature,

it makes it lower.

Most vegetables and almost all fruit contain

a small amount of alcohol in them

The human body

produces alcohol

naturally,

24 hours a day.

There is a cloud of alcohol in space, enough

to make four trillion-trillion

drinks

Site Topic Date accessed

www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol Ethanol 21/05/2011

En.wikipedia.org/wiki/ethanol_fuel

Ethanol fuel 21/05/2011

Scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek.pdf/ethanol.pdf

Ethanol 21/05/2011

www.businessweek.com Ethanol: Myths and Realities

21/05/2011

www.ethanol.org American Coalition for Ethanol: Home

22/05/2011

www.drivingethanol.org Driving ethanol 27/05/2011

www.fuelethanolworkshop.com Meet the Ethanol Industry

27/05/2011

Site Topic Date accessed

www.facstaff.gpc.edu Physical science 27/05/2011

www.mine-engineer.com Element pictures 27/05/2011

www.wired.com Pictures 27/05/2011

Focus.aps.org Pictures 27/05/2011

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yl-osPy8SM

Properties of Ethanol 28/05/2011

www.infoplease.com Ethanol: Properties 28/05/2011

www.surfacenet.de/assets Pictures 28/05/2011

www.intox.com/t-Physiology.aspx

Alcohol and the Human Body 30/05/2011