Alat Potong Pada Mesin Bubut Finish

Cutting Tool at Lathe Cutting Tool at Lathe MachineMachine

Created byCreated by : :

Febri Arif Purnomo Febri Arif Purnomo 2009-3-005 / TPM / 2B-012009-3-005 / TPM / 2B-01

Akademi Tehnik Mesin IndustriAkademi Tehnik Mesin Industri

Cutting Tool at Lathe MachineCutting Tool at Lathe Machine

Introducing About Turning Tool The Election of Turning Tool`s Substance Sharpener Process of Turning Tool Kinds of Defect at The Turning Tool Closing

1.1. Introducing About Turning ToolIntroducing About Turning Tool

a. The Geometric of Turning Toolb. Development of Turning Tool`s Shapec. Criteria for Turning Tool

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The Geometric of Turning ToolThe Geometric of Turning Tool Basically cutting tool has three Basically cutting tool has three

main anglesmain angles::

1)1) clearence angle.clearence angle.

2)2) cutting angle. cutting angle.

3)3) rake angle.rake angle.

Main angles at turning tool

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Main Angles at Turning ToolMain Angles at Turning Tool

alfaalfa isis clearence angleclearence angle. . angle between the angle between the

back side of the back side of the cutting toolcutting tool with the work piece that with the work piece that functions to prevent friction functions to prevent friction between the tool between the tool andand the the workpiece.workpiece.

BetaBeta is is cutting anglecutting angle. . An An angle that affects angle that affects

the hardness of cutting tools. the hardness of cutting tools. When the workpiece hard When the workpiece hard (brittle) use large. (brittle) use large. When the When the wworkpiece soft (ductile) use orkpiece soft (ductile) use small.small.

gamagama is is rakerake angleangle. . This angle affects the This angle affects the

stabbing cutting tool against stabbing cutting tool against the workpiecethe workpiece. . When the When the workpiece hard (brittle) use workpiece hard (brittle) use small (or even negative)small (or even negative). . When When the wthe workpiece soft (ductile) use orkpiece soft (ductile) use largelarge..

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Development of Turning Tool`s ShapeDevelopment of Turning Tool`s Shape

a) The entire body is made of material a) The entire body is made of material of of cutting toolcutting tool . . ExampleExample : TS, LATS, HSS. : TS, LATS, HSS.

b) The front half is made of material of cutting tools, b) The front half is made of material of cutting tools, while the back is made of soft material and then while the back is made of soft material and then welded.welded.

c) Only the tip is made of material of cutting tools, c) Only the tip is made of material of cutting tools, then then welded with brasswelded with brass..

d) The tip of the side pieces are made of d) The tip of the side pieces are made of cclamped lamped cutting toolcutting tool`̀ss material, bolted, and inserted in a material, bolted, and inserted in a holder (insert tip). holder (insert tip). This cThis cutting tools made from utting tools made from carbide, a layer of titanium, ceramic, diamond. carbide, a layer of titanium, ceramic, diamond. 

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Criteria for Turning ToolCriteria for Turning Tool ISO 1 ISO 1 use for longitudinal turninguse for longitudinal turning. Plan angle 75°. Plan angle 75° 1SO 2 1SO 2 use for longitudinal and transversal turninguse for longitudinal and transversal turning. Plan angle 45°. Plan angle 45° 1SO 3 1SO 3 use for longitudinal and transversal turning use for longitudinal and transversal turning ( ( out from out from

center)center). plan angle 0°. plan angle 0° 1SO 4 1SO 4 use for longitudinal turning with small depth of cut (use foruse for longitudinal turning with small depth of cut (use for

finishingfinishing)), plan angle 100° , plan angle 100° 1SO 5 1SO 5 use for transversal turning toward the centeruse for transversal turning toward the center, plan angle , plan angle

0°.0°. 1SO 6 1SO 6 use for longitudinal turninguse for longitudinal turning. plan angle 90°.. plan angle 90°. 1SO 7 1SO 7 use for transversal turning toward the centeruse for transversal turning toward the center Plan angle 0°. Plan angle 0°. 1SO 8 1SO 8 use for boring through holeuse for boring through hole. Plan angle 75°.. Plan angle 75°. 1SO 9 1SO 9 use for boring (do not through)use for boring (do not through). Plan angle 90°.. Plan angle 90°. Pahat undercut Pahat undercut use to create a grooveor to cut the workpieceuse to create a grooveor to cut the workpiece.. Pahat Ulir Pahat Ulir use for making threaduse for making thread..

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The Election of Turning Tool`s The Election of Turning Tool`s SubstanceSubstance

a) a) Workpiece`s basic substanceWorkpiece`s basic substanceCutting tools should be harder than the workpieceCutting tools should be harder than the workpiece..

b) Cutting Speedb) Cutting Speed The higher Cs selected The higher Cs selected so so cutting tools must have a good heat resistant properties. cutting tools must have a good heat resistant properties. 

c) c) SSurface urface QQuality uality The better the surface quality is required, cutting tools must have good wear The better the surface quality is required, cutting tools must have good wear resistant properties.resistant properties.

d) d) Frequency of UseFrequency of Use The more frequently used, cutting tools must have good wear resistant properties.The more frequently used, cutting tools must have good wear resistant properties.

e) e) PricePrice Economic Economic judgmentjudgment, the cheaper price but the quality as closely as possible., the cheaper price but the quality as closely as possible.

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Sharpener Process of Turning Sharpener Process of Turning ToolTool

A. A. Criteria for Sharpening Turning Tool

B. B. Grinding Clarence Angle

C. C. Grinding Rake Angle

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Criteria for Sharpening Turning Criteria for Sharpening Turning ToolTool

TThe demands of turning tool sharpening he demands of turning tool sharpening are are ::a. a. Grinding result must be 1 faceGrinding result must be 1 face..b. b. Flatness Flatness ( ( minimal 75%)minimal 75%)c. c. Surface qualitySurface qualityd. Geometry in accordance with d. Geometry in accordance with

specifications.specifications.  e. e. Size in accordance with specificationsSize in accordance with specifications..

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Grinding CGrinding Clarence larence AAnglengle

grinding clearence angle can be done at greif or great D1 machinegrinding clearence angle can be done at greif or great D1 machine. . Grinding in the Greif machine done manually in the sense that the process of grinding just rely Grinding in the Greif machine done manually in the sense that the process of grinding just rely on feelingon feeling..  

on the greif machine clearence angle on the greif machine clearence angle can be generated by setting the can be generated by setting the slope of the machine table position slope of the machine table position .. The first clearence angle isThe first clearence angle is 8° 8° and the second and the second one isone is 5°. 5°. The The 8° 8° angle useangle use cylicon carbidecylicon carbide grinding wheel grinding wheel while the while the 5°5° angle angle use use diamonddiamond oneone..

there are different types of grinding wheels are used because the demands of the there are different types of grinding wheels are used because the demands of the requested level of refinement is not the samerequested level of refinement is not the same. . For turning tool, refinement of the most For turning tool, refinement of the most influential in turning process is at an angle of 5 ° because this section that will function into the influential in turning process is at an angle of 5 ° because this section that will function into the side pieces in the process of turningside pieces in the process of turning. The angle of. The angle of 8° 8° has function as free angle.has function as free angle. so so demand for surface quality is not necessardemand for surface quality is not necessary.y.

on the great d1 machine we use diamond grinding wheel. We also on the great d1 machine we use diamond grinding wheel. We also use some support tool to fullfill all specificaton requirements.use some support tool to fullfill all specificaton requirements.

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Grinding RGrinding Rake ake AAnglengle

grinding rake angle only can be grinding rake angle only can be done at great d1 machine. This done at great d1 machine. This process called laping.process called laping.

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Kinds of Defect at The Turning Kinds of Defect at The Turning ToolTool

turning tool said damaged or cant be functions as it should if they have turning tool said damaged or cant be functions as it should if they have been changes in geometry on the main angle (alfa, beta and gama) or changes been changes in geometry on the main angle (alfa, beta and gama) or changes in shape that would interfere at the process.in shape that would interfere at the process.

when the cutting tool is alreadywhen the cutting tool is already experiencing changes in geometry of  experiencing changes in geometry of thethe cutting edges, Then the process will not go well. Such as : bad surface cutting edges, Then the process will not go well. Such as : bad surface quality, bigger power required, quality, bigger power required, Excessive heat generated due to friction between Excessive heat generated due to friction between cutting tool and workpiece.cutting tool and workpiece. Long time process Long time process and could lead to more fatal and could lead to more fatal damage to the workpiecedamage to the workpiece, , machine and operator.machine and operator.

The damage of the turning tool such as :The damage of the turning tool such as : Radius On the Edge Wear on The Claearence Angle Wear on The Rake Angle Built Up Cutting Edge Cracks in Carbide Tip Broken Carbide Tip Carbide Tip Off

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Radius On the EdgeRadius On the Edge radius on the edge radius on the edge happen due to the frequensy happen due to the frequensy of use is already exeeding the of use is already exeeding the threshold of cutting tool`s threshold of cutting tool`s lifetime.lifetime.

cutting tool`s lifetime cutting tool`s lifetime depends on the process of depends on the process of work that involves the use of work that involves the use of feed, cutting speed and feed, cutting speed and workpiece material. workpiece material. Therefore, it needs to Therefore, it needs to sharpening cutting tool sharpening cutting tool continuely.continuely.

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Wear on The Claearence AngleWear on The Claearence Angle

Wear on the Wear on the clearence angle side is caused clearence angle side is caused by using feed too big or too by using feed too big or too small clearence angle at the small clearence angle at the cutting tool. So there is cutting tool. So there is friction between tool and friction between tool and workpiece. This can be workpiece. This can be avoided by enlarging the avoided by enlarging the clearence angle.clearence angle.

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Wear on The Rake AngleWear on The Rake Angle

Wear on the rake angle Wear on the rake angle caused by exessive heat caused by exessive heat (overhaeating). The heat (overhaeating). The heat arising from the cutting tool arising from the cutting tool was taken by the chip and was taken by the chip and distributed to turning tool distributed to turning tool through rake angle side.through rake angle side.

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Buit up cutting edgeBuit up cutting edge

Built up cutting Built up cutting edge is melted workpiece edge is melted workpiece material attached to the material attached to the cutting tool. This melt cutting tool. This melt being cool and harden so it being cool and harden so it become a new cutting become a new cutting edge.edge.

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Cracks in Carbide TipCracks in Carbide Tip

Cracks in the Cracks in the carbide tip caused carbide tip caused by overheating by overheating with no continuous with no continuous cooling or suddenly cooling or suddenly cooling.cooling.

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Broken Carbide TipBroken Carbide Tip

it is happen it is happen baecause the depht of baecause the depht of cut is too large or cut is too large or excessive cutting speed.excessive cutting speed.

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Carbide Tip OffCarbide Tip Off

The liberation The liberation carbide tip is mainly due to carbide tip is mainly due to the binding between the binding between carbide tip and it holder carbide tip and it holder less well (the resul of less well (the resul of brassing)brassing)

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