alabama-sfa.enschool.orgalabama-sfa.enschool.org/.../Lat-AENEID-BK2-Packet-7-ip-2018-…  · Web view2018-08-14  · BOOK II: Lines 40-56, 201-249, 268-297, 559-620. 40-56: Laocoon

BOOK II Book 2: Lines 40-56, 201-249, 268-297, 559-620

A. 40-56: Laocoon warns the Trojans

VOCABULARY Basic: highlight any you need to review: : ibi; primus, -a, -um; omnis, -e; magnus, -a, -um; ā/ab summus, -a, -um; exclamō, -āre, āvī, ātus; miser, misera, miserum; cīvis, -is; insania, -ae; crēdō, -ere, credidī, creditus; hostis, -is; aut . . . aut; donum, -ī (n); bellum, -ī; in+acc; noster, nostra, nostrum; murus, -ī: inspiciō, -ere, inspēxī, inspectus; veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventus; urbs, urbis; equus, -ī; timeō, -ēre, timuī; et; ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus; ingēns, ingentis; hasta, -ae; validus, -a, um; stō, stare, stetī, status; dō, dare, dedī, datus; sī, fatum, -ī; deus, -ī; mēns, mentis; nunc; , maneō, manēre, mānsī, mansus

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PROPER NAMES:

1. Laocoon, -ontis:

2. Ulixes, -ī :

3. Achivī, -ōrum:

4. Teucrī, -ōrum:

5. Danaī, -ōrum:

6. Argolus, -ī:

7. Teucrī, -ōrum:

8. Troia, -ae:

9. Prīamus, -ī:

VOCABULARY

10. Ante + acc:

11. Caterva, -ae (f):

12. Comitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus:

13. Ardeō, -ēre, arsī, arsus:

14. Dē currō, dēcurrere, dēcurrī, dēcursus:

15. Arx, arcis (f)

16. Procul

17. Tantus, -a, -um:

18. avehō, avehere, avexī, avectus:

19. putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

20. ullus, -a, -um

21. careō, carre, caruī, caritus+abl.

22. dolus, -ī (m):

23. sic

24. notus, -a, -um

25. includō, -ere, inclusī, inclusus;

26. occultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

27. lignum, -ī (n)

28. machina, -ae (f)

29. fabricō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

30. domus, -ūs (f)

31. dēsuper

32. aliquis, aliqua, aliquid

33. error, -ōris

34. lateō, -atēre, -latuī

***

35. quisquis, quidquid

36. et usually means “and”, but sometimes means:

37. for, fārī, fātus

38. contorqueō, -ēre, contorsī, contortus

39. vīs, vīs, (f):

40. latus, lateris n

41. ferus, -ī (m):

42. alvus, -ī (f):

43. curvus, -a, -um

44. compagēs compagis (f)

45. tremō, -ere, tremuī, uterus, -ī (m):

46. recutiō, recutere, recussī, recussus:

47. cavus, -a, -um

48. caverna, -ae(f)

49. insonō, -āre, insonuI

50. gemitus, -ūs (m):

****

51. laevus, -a, -um

52. impellō, -ere, impulī, impulsus

53. foedō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

54. latebra, -ae (f)

55. ferrum, ī (n)

56. arx, arcis (f)

SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES. Aeneas is talking. This is the story he is telling to Dido about the fall of Troy.

1. “Primus ibi ante omnis Laocoon ardēns dēcurrit ab summā arce.

2. Procul, Laocoon exclāmat: ‘ O miserī cīvēs, quae est tanta insania?

3. Creditis (“that”-ind. statement) hostēs avectōs (esse)? (hint:avectōs esse is perf. pass. Infinitive)

4. Putātis (“that”-ind. statement) ulla dona Danaōrum carēre dolīs?

5. Est sic Ulixes notus? (question by tone of voice; sarcastic)

6. Aut Archvī, inclusī, occultantur (by means of) hōc lignō.

7. (sentence continued) aut haec machina fabricata est in nostrōs murōs, *”in+acc” can mean “against”

8. (sentence continued) aut haec machina fabricata est inspectūra domōs (inspectūra is a fut. act. part. modifying machine; shows purpose)

9. (sentence continued) aut haec machina fabricata est ventūra urbī desuper(ventūra is a fut. act. part. modifying machine; shows purpose)

10. (sentence continued) aut aliquis error latet.

11. Nē crēdite equō, Teucrī.

12. Quidquid id est, timeō Danāos et (even) ferentīs (ferentīs=ferentēs) dona.”

13. Fatus (having spoken-perf part from “for-speak”) sic , (he) contorsit ingentem hastam (abl of means) validīs viribus.

14. Fatus (having spoken) sic, (he) contorsit ingentem hastam in latus ferī et in curvam alvum (in) campagibus.

15. Illa tremēns hasta stetit.

16. Uterō recussō (abl. abs), cavae cavernae insonuēre (insonuēre=insonuērunt) et dedēre (dedēre=dedērunt) gemitum.

17. Et sī fata deum (deum=deōrum) et sī mēns deōrum nōn fuisset laeva, (fuisset is pluperfect subjunctive)

18. (sentence continued) Laocoon impulerat foedāre Argolicās latebrās (abl of means) ferrō,

19. (sentence continued) Troia nunc staret, (staret is imp. subjunctive)

20. (sentence continued) tū, arx Primamī, manerēs. (manerēs is imp. subjunctive)

GRAMMAR:

1. REVIEW ABLATIVE ABSOLUTES: A noun or pronoun plus a participle, or two nouns, in the ablative case, that tells the situation in which the action of the verb occurs.

Examples: Marcō spectante, porcus Iuliam necāvit. * With Marcus watching, the pig killed Julia.

* While Marcus was watching, the pig killed Julia

Iulia necātā, Marcus rīsit. * With Julia having been killed, Marcus laughted.

* When Julia had been killed by the pig, Marcus laughed.

TRANSLATE: Uterō recussō (abl. abs), cavae cavernae insonuēre

Write in Latin: With Dido listening, Aeneas spoke. (Didō, Didōnis (f))

With the words of Aeneas (Aeneae) having been heard, Dido wept.

2. REVIEW INDIRECT STATEMENT. The subject of the ind. statement is acc. & the verb is an infinitive.

Examples: Marcus credit porcum Iuliam necāvisse. (perf act inf)

Marcus putat Iuliam ā porcō necātam esse. (perf pass inf)

TRANSLATE: Creditisne (“that”-ind. statement) hostēs avectōs esse?

Putātisne (“that”-ind. statement) ulla dona Danaōrum carēre dolīs?

3. REVIEW PARTICIPLES: Give the 4 participles of inspiciō, -ere, inspēxī, inspectus;

Present active: inspecting: _________________ perfect passive: having been inspected_______________________

Future active: going to inspect____________________Future passive: going to have been inspected: ____________________

4. REVIEW CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:

a. contrary-to fact-past conditional= ”if this had happened, that would have happened”.

· Uses pluperfect subjunctive in both clauses

· Sī porcus Iuliam necāvisset, Marcus rīsisset. If the pig had killed Julia, Marcus would have laughed.

b. contrary ato fact present conditional: “if these were happening, that would be happening.”

· Uses imperfect subjunctive in both clauses

· Sī porcus Iuliam necāret, Marcus rīdēret. If the pig were killing Julia, Marcus would be laughing.

c. less vivid conditional= ”If this should happen, that would happen.”

· Uses present subjunctive in both clauses.

· Sī porcus Iuliam necaret, Marcus rīdēret. If the pig should kill Julia, Marcus would laugh.

In this section we have irregular and mixed conditionals:

Et sī fata deum nōn fuisset laeva, (fuisset is pluperfect subjunctive), Laocoon impulerat foedāre Argolicās latebrās.

· If the fates of the gods had not been hostile, Laocoon would have persuaded us to ravage the Greek hiding places.

· Vergil uses the pluperfect indicative impulerat rather than pluperfect subjunctive impulisset to make it more vivid.

Et sī fata deum nōn fuisset laeva, Troia nunc staret et arx Priamī manerēs.

· If the fates of the gods had not been hostile, Troy would now stand and you, citadel of Priam, would remain.

· Vergil uses the imperfect subjunctive staret and manerēs to make a mixed conditional that is contra-factual in the present.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING after reading the original Vergil 40-56.

1) What is anaphora? Give an example from line 54: et, si fata deum, si mens non laeva fuisset,

2) a. What is chiasmus?

b. What is synchesis?

c. Describe the noun/adjective arrangement of these lines:

hoc inclusi ligno occultantur Achivi,               

in nostros fabricata est machina muros,

validis ingentem viribus hastam           

3) What is metonymy?

Explain an example of metonymy in Line 45: aut hoc inclusi ligno occultantur Achivi,               

4) A. What is apostrophe?

B. What is personification?

C. Notice that in line 56, the subject changes to “you” with the verb “maneres”. Explain how this line contains apostrophe and personification.

5) What lines do you think are most haunting and effective?

ORIGINAL VERGIL: Laocoon warns the Trojans 40-56

Primus ibi ante omnis magna comitante caterva               40Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce,et procul 'o miseri, quae tanta insania, cives?creditis avectos hostis? aut ulla putatis (hostis=hostes; esse is implied after avectos)dona carere dolis Danaum? sic notus Ulixes?aut hoc inclusi ligno occultantur Achivi,               45aut haec in nostros fabricata est machina muros,inspectura domos venturaque desuper urbi,aut aliquis latet error; equo ne credite, Teucri.quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentis.' (ferentis=ferentes)sic fatus validis ingentem viribus hastam               50in latus inque feri curvam compagibus alvumcontorsit. stetit illa tremens, uteroque recussoinsonuere cavae gemitumque dedere cavernae. (insonuere=insonuerunt; dedere=dederunt)et, si fata deum, si mens non laeva fuisset, (deum=deorum) impulerat ferro Argolicas foedare latebras,               55Troiaque nunc staret, Priamique arx alta maneres.

B. LINES: 201-211: SEA SERPENTS ARRIVE

BASIC VOCABULARY (highlight and learn any words you don’t know): 1) dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus; 2)sors, sortis; 3) sacerdos, sacerdōtis; 3) ingēns, ingentis; 4) ad+acc; 5) ecce; 6) autem; 7) veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus; 8) tranquillus, -a, um: 9) altum, -ī; 10) ā/ab; 11) per; 12) pelagus, ī; 13) inter+acc; 13) fluctus, -ūs; 14) Quī, quae, quod; 14) unda, -ae; 15) cēterus, -a, us; 16) pontus,-ī; 17) iam; 18) teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus; 19) ardeō, ardēre, arsī, arsus; 20) oculus, - ī; 21) sanguis, sanguinis; 22) ignis, ignis; 23) os, oris, 24) agmen, agminis; 25) primum(adv): 26) serpēns, serpentis; 26) parvus, -a, -um; 27) corpus, corporis,(n); 28) miser, misera, miserum; 29) post; 30) auxilium, -ī; 31) ferō, ferre, tulī, latus; 32) primum (adv); 33) parvus, -a, -um; 34) duō, -ae, -duō; 35) miser, misera, miserum: 36) post (adv); 37) auxilium, -ī: 38) ferō, ferre, tulī, latus; 39)ingēns, ingentis; 40) iam: 41) medius, -a, -um; 42) caput, capitis, altus, -a, um; 43) simul (adv): 44) tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublatus; 45) fugiō, -ere, fūgī, fugitus; 46) ara, -ae; 47) clamor, clamoris, (m): 48) qualis, quale: 49) cum; 50) sub+abl: 51) pēs, pedis:

PROPER NAMES:

1. Laocoon, Laocoontis,

2. Neptunus, -ī:

3. Tenedōs:

4. Tritōn, T ritōnis: VOCABULARY

5. Mactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus:

6. Taurus, -ī (m):

7. Sollemnis, sollemne:

8. Ara, -ae(f)

9. Geminus, -ī:

10. anguis, anguis, (m)

11. immēnsus, -a, -um:

12. Orbis, orbis (m)

13. Horrescō, -ere, horruī,:

14. Referō, referre, retulī, relatus;

15. Incumbō, -ere, incubuī, incubitus

16. Tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentus:

17. Pariter

18. Litus, litoris, (n):

19. Pectus, pectoris (n):

20. Arrigō, -ere, arrexī, arrectus:

21. Sanguineus, -a, um:

22. iuba, ae(f)

23. Superō, -āre, -āvī, ātus:

24. Pars, partis (f)

25. Legō, legere, lēgī, lectus:*special meaning

26. Ponē (adv):

27. Immēnsus, -a, -um

28. tergum, -ī:

29. sinuō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus:

30. Volumen, volumenis (n):

31. Sonitus, -ūs (m): fiō, fierī, factus:

32. Fiō, fierī, factus

33. Spumō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: salum, -ī:

34. Salum, -ī (n:

35. Arvum, -ī (n):

36. Sufficiō, -ere, suffēcī, suffectus:

37. Lambō, -ere, lambī: sibilus, -a, pum:

38. vibrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

39. lingua, -ae (f):

:

SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES: AENEAS is still telling the story to Dido:

1. “Laocoon, ductus sorte esse sacerdōs (for) Neptūnō, ingentem taurum ad solemnis arās.

2. Ecce, autem, geminī anguēs (with) immensīs orbibus, per tranquilla alta ā Tenedō veniunt.

3. Horrescō, referēns (haec)!

4. Geminī anguēs incumbunt pelagō et tendunt pariter ad litora.

5. Pectora anguum (of the serpents) erant arrecta inter fluctūs.

6. Sanguineae iubae anguum superant undās.

7. Cetera pars anguum legit pontum ponē.

8. Immēnsa terga anguum sinuat volumine.

9. Sonitus fit spumante salō. (spumante salō is an abl abs)

10. Iam anguēs tenēbant arva.

11. Oculī ardentēs anguum sunt suffectī (with) sanguine et igne

12. Suffectī (with respect to) ardentēs oculōs (with) sanguine et igne. * The arrangement in this original version of the sentence seems strange, but it occurs in Latin poetry sometimes. The accusative argentēs oculōs is called an “accusative of respect”. It is literarlly translated like this: They were suffused with respect to their burning eyes with blood and fire.

13. (continued) anguēs lambēbant sibila ora (with) virbantibus linguīs.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING AFTER YOU READ THE ORIGINAL VERGIL: 1. What is alliteration? What is onomatopoea?

2. Make a note of all the “s” sounds. How are these “s” sounds both allteration and onomatopoea?

3. What is chiasmus? What is synchesis

4. What is the arrangement of nouns and adjectives in line 211? sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora.

ORIGINAL VERGIL:

Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos, 201sollemnis taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras.

ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta(horresco referens) immensis orbibus anguesincumbunt pelago pariterque ad litora tendunt;               205pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta iubaequesanguineae superant undas, pars cetera pontumpone legit sinuatque immensa volumine terga.fit sonitus spumante salo; iamque arva tenebantardentisque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni               210sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora.

C. BOOK II, Lines 212-227: The Sea Serpents Eat Laocoon:

BASIC VOCABULARY: agmen, agminis; primum(adv): serpēns, serpentis; parvus, -a, -um; corpus, corporis,(n); miser, misera, miserum; post; auxilium, -ī; ferō, ferre, tulī, latus; primum (adv); parvus, -a, -um; duō, -ae, -duō; miser, misera, miserum: post (adv); auxilium, -ī: ferō, ferre, tulī, latus; ingēns, ingentis; iam: medius, -a, -um; caput, capitis, altus, -a, um; simul (adv): tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublatus; fugiō, -ere, fūgī, fugitus; ara, -ae; clamor, clamoris, (m): quails, quale: cum; sub+abl: pēs, pedis: dea, -ae. PROPER NAMES: Triton, Tritōnis:

VOCABULARY;

1.

2. exsanguis, -e:

3. visus, -ūs, (m):

4. diffugiō, -ere, diffūfī

5. petō, -ere, petīvī, petitus:

6. certus, -a, -um

7. uterque, utraque, utrumque:

8. amplector, amplectī, amplexus:

9. implicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus:

10. depascor, depascī, depastus:

11. artūs, artuum (m,pl)

12. natus, -ī=filius:

13. morsus, -morsūs (m)

14. corripiō, -ere, corripuī, correptus:

15. subeō, subīre, subiī, subitus:

16. telum, -ī (usually plural)

**

17. ligō, -āre, -āvī, ātus

18. spira, -ae (f)

19. bis

20. squameus, -a, -um:

21. tergum, -ī:

22. collum, -ī: (n)

23. cervix, icis, f:

24. tendō, -ere, tetendī tentus:

25. divellō, divellere, divellī, divulsus:

26. nodus, -ī

27. perfundō, -ere, perfūdī, perfūsus:

28. vittae, -ae:

29. saniēs, saniēī (f):

30. ater, atra, atrum

31. venēnum, -ī (n)

32. horrendus, -a, -um

33. sidus, sideris (n);

34. qualis, quale:

35. mugitus, ūs: saucius, -a, -um

36. saucius, -a, -um:

37. excutiō, -ere, excussī, excussus:

38. incertus, -a, -um:

39. securis, securis, (acc-securim), (f):

40. dracō, dracōnis (m):

41. lapsus, -ūs (m):

42. delubrum, -ī:

43. arx, arcis (m):

44. saevus, -a, -um:

45. tegō, -ere, texī, tectus

46. orbis, orbis (f)

47. clipeus, -ī (m)

SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES: AENEAS is still telling the story to Dido:

1. “ Exsanguēs visū, diffigimus.

2. Illī anguēs petunt Laocoonta (with a) certō agmine.

3. Primum uterque serpēns, amplexus parva corpora , implicat parva corpora duōrum natōrum.

4. Uterque serpēns dēpascitur miserōs artūs duōrum natōrum (with a )morsū.

5. Anguēs superant Laocoonta subeuntum* auxiliō et ferentem** tela. *ppp from subeō; ** pap from ferō

***

6. Anguēs superant Laocoonta (with) ingentibus spirīs.

7. Anguēs, amplexī medium (of Laocoon) bis,

8. Anguēs, circumdatī Laocoonta (with their) squameā tergā, superant Laocoonta (with their) capite et altīs cervicibus.

9. Simul Laocoon tendit divelere nodōs (with his) manibus.

10. Simul Laocoon est perfusus (with respect to his) villās (with) saniē et atrō venēnō.

11. Simul Laocoon tollit horrendōs clamōrēs ad sidera.

12. Hī clamōrēs sunt qualēs mugitūs cum saucius taurus fugit aram.

13. Hī clamōrēs sunt qualēs mugitūs cum saucius taurus excussit incertam securim ā cervice.

14. At geminī dracōnēs effugiunt.

15. At geminī dracōnēs effugiunt (by means of) lapsū ad summa delubra.

16. At geminī dracōnēs petunt arcem saevae Tridonidis.

17. At geminī dracōnēs teguntur sub pedibus deae et sub orbe clipeī.

ANSWER AFTER READING THE ORIGINAL VERBIL:

1. What is anaphora? Explain this example: bis medium amplexi, bis collo squamea circum

2. What is a simile? Find a simile in the text. Is it appropriate? Why or why not?

3. Where do the serpents go after they eat Laocoon and his sons? Why is this appropriate?

4. What details do you find most horrifying?

Original VergilPrimus ibi ante omnis magna comitante caterva               40Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce,et procul 'o miseri, quae tanta insania, cives?creditis avectos hostis? aut ulla putatisdona carere dolis Danaum? sic notus Ulixes?aut hoc inclusi ligno occultantur Achivi,               45aut haec in nostros fabricata est machina muros,inspectura domos venturaque desuper urbi,aut aliquis latet error; equo ne credite, Teucri.quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentis.'sic fatus ualidis ingentem viribus hastam               50in latus inque feri curvam compagibus alvumcontorsit. stetit illa tremens, uteroque recussoinsonuere cavae gemitumque dedere cavernae.et, si fata deum, si mens non laeva fuisset,impulerat ferro Argolicas foedare latebras,               55Troiaque nunc staret, Priamique arx alta maneres.

Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos,sollemnis taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras.ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta(horresco referens) immensis orbibus anguesincumbunt pelago pariterque ad litora tendunt;               205pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta iubaequesanguineae superant undas, pars cetera pontumpone legit sinuatque immensa volumine terga.fit sonitus spumante salo; iamque arva tenebantardentisque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni               210sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora.diffugimus visu exsangues. illi agmine certoLaocoonta petunt; et primum parva duorumcorpora natorum serpens amplexus uterqueimplicat et miseros morsu depascitur artus;               215post ipsum auxilio subeuntem ac tela ferentemcorripiunt spirisque ligant ingentibus; et iambis medium amplexi, bis collo squamea circumterga dati superant capite et cervicibus altis.ille simul manibus tendit divellere nodos               220perfusus sanie vittas atroque veneno,clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit:qualis mugitus, fugit cum saucius aramtaurus et incertam excussit cervice securim.at gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones               225effugiunt saevaeque petunt Tritonidis arcem,sub pedibusque deae clipeique sub orbe teguntur.

D. Lines 228-249: The Trojans pull the Horse into the City

BASIC VOCABULARY (highlight any you need to review): tum; per; ferō, ferre, tulī, latus; hasta, -ae(f): dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductus; ad; murus, -ī (m); urbis, urbis (f); pēs, pedis; pēs, pedis, (m); machina, -ae: murus, -ī (m): arma, ōrum (n); circum + acc; equus, -ī (m): sacer, sacra, sacrum: carmen, carminis (n): gaudeō, -ēre, gavisus: merius, -a, -um; bellum, -ī; porta, -ae; dō, dare, dedī, dātus; sonitus, -ūs; arx, arcis (f); etiam; aperiō, -īre,- īvī, -ītus; os, oris, (n): credō, -ere, credidī, creditus+dat.; iussus, -ī; miser, -a, -um; ultimus, -a, -um; Festus, -a, -um; per; Umquam

PROPER NAMES>

1.

2. Casandra, -ae

3. Illium, -ī

4. Dardanidēs, Dardanidum (m,pl):

5. Teucrī, Teucrōrum:

VOCABULARY

1. Verō,

2. Novus, -a, -um;

3. Pavor, oris, -(m):

4. Insinuō, āre, -āvī, -ātus

5. Tremefaciō, -ere, tremefēcī, tremefactus:

6. Pectus, pectoris, (n)

7. Cunctus, , a, um

8. Merēns, merentis

9. Expend, -ere, expend, expenses

10. Scelus, sceleris, (n)

11. Laedō, laedere, laesī, laesus:

12. Robur, roboris, (n):

13. Cuspis, cuspidis (f):

14. Intorqueō, intorquēre, intorsi, intortus

15. Sceleratus, -a, -um

16. Tergum, -ī (n)

17. conclamō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

18. Simulacrum, -ī n:

19. Sedēs, sedis (f):

20. Numen, numinis (n)

21. Diva, ae (f)

22. Orō, -āre, -avī, -ātus

23. Pandō, -ere, pandī, passus;

24. Moenia, -ium, n (pl):

***

25. Accingō, -ere, accinxī, accintus:

26. Opus, operis, (n):

27. Subiciō, -ere, suiēcī, subiectus+dat:

28. Lapsus, -ūs (m)

29. Rota, -ae (f)

30. tendō, -ere, intend, intentus:

31. Stuppeus, -a, -um:

32. vinculum, -ī (n)

33. collum, ī (n)

34. fatalis, fatalie

35. scandō, scandere,

36. fetus, -a, -um:

37. innuptus, -a, um:

38. canō, -ere, cecinī, cantus:

39. contingō, -ere, contigī, contactus:

40. funis, funis (m):

41. subeō, subīre, subiī, subitus

42. minor, mināre, minatus:

43. inlabor, inlabī, inlapsus + dat

***

44. Patria, -ae,

45. Divus, -ā, -um

46. Domus, ūs (f)

47. Dīvus, -a, -um

48. Inclūtus, -a, -um:

49. Subsistō, -ere, substitī:

50. Quarter

51. Limen, liminis (n):

52. Uterus, -ī

53. Instō, instāre, institī:

54. Immemor, immōris

55. Caecus, -a, -um

56. Furor, -ōris

57. Sistō, sister, stitī, status

58. Infelix, infelicis

59. Sacrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

60. Tunc

61. Futūrus, -a, pum

62. Umquam

63. Iussus, ūs

64. Diēs, diēī

65. Velō, -āre, -āvī, =ātus

66. Delubrum, -ī (n):

67. Frons, frondis (f)

I.

SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES:

1. Tum verō novus pavor insiniat sē per tremefacta pectora (of-dat of reference) cunctīs.

2. (They) ferunt (“that” indirect statement→)Laocoonta merentem expendisse scelus. *Here ferunt means “bring”.“bring word”, i. e. “assert”.

3. Lacoon laeserit sacrum robur (with the) cuspide et intorserit sceleratam hastam (to the) tergō.

4. (They) conclamant (“that” indirect statement→)simulacrum ducendum esse ad sedēs. * gerundive with esse

5. (They) conclamant (“that” indirect statement→)numena divae oranda esse. *gerundive with esse

6. Dividimus mūrōs.

7. Pandimus moenia urbis.

8. Omnēs accingunt sē (for the) operī,

9. Omnēs subiciunt lapsūs rotārum pedibus. *lapsūs is acc. pl.-n. lapsūs rotārum=gliding rollers”

10. Omnēs intendunt stuppea vincula (with their) collō.

11. Fatalis machina scandit murōs.

12. Fatalis machina est feta armīs.

13. Circum equum, puerī, et innuptae puellae canunt sacra carmina.

14. Circum equum, puerī et innuptae puellae gaudent contigere funem (with their) manū.

15. Illa machina (i. e. equum) subit.

16. Illa mināns machina inlabitur mediae urbī.

17. “O Patria , O Ilium, domus divrōrum et O moenia Dardandiārum, incluta bellō.

18. Equus substiit quarter in ipsō limine portae.

19. Quatter arma dedērunt sonium ab uterō.

20. Tamen instamus immorex et caeci furore.

21. Sistimus infelix monstrum in sacratā arce.

22. Tunc etiam Cassandra aperit ora (for/with the) futurīs fatīs.

23. Ora Cassandrae non umquam credita sunt (by the) Teucris (by) iussū deī.

24. Nos miserī, quibus ille diēs esset ultimo.

25. Velamus delubrum deōrum (with) festā fronde per urbem.”

ANSWER AFTER YOU READ THE ORIGINAL VERGIL

What is the story of Cassandra? Who gave her oracular powers and why? Why were these oracular powers cursed? Where did Cassandra go to seek sanctuary during the sack of Troy? Who found her there and what did he do to her? What was done to punish him (we read about this in Bk1, when Juno was wishing she could do the same to someone). To whom was Cassandra given as booty? What happened to her?

VERGIL: lines 228-249:

tum vero tremefacta novus per pectora cunctisinsinuat pavor, et scelus expendisse merentemLaocoonta ferunt, sacrum qui cuspide robur               230laeserit et tergo sceleratam intorserit hastam.ducendum ad sedes simulacrum orandaque divaenumina conclamant.dividimus muros et moenia pandimus urbis.accingunt omnes operi pedibusque rotarum               235subiciunt lapsus, et stuppea vincula collointendunt; scandit fatalis machina murosfeta armis. pueri circum innuptaeque puellaesacra canunt funemque manu contingere gaudent;illa subit mediaeque minans inlabitur urbi.               240

o patria, o divum domus Ilium et incluta bellomoenia Dardanidum! quater ipso in limine portaesubstitit atque utero sonitum quater arma dedere;instamus tamen immemores caecique furoreet monstrum infelix sacrata sistimus arce.               245tunc etiam fatis aperit Cassandra futurisora dei iussu non umquam credita Teucris.nos delubra deum miseri, quibus ultimus essetille dies, festa velamus fronde per urbem.

o patria, o divum domus Ilium et incluta bellomoenia Dardanidum! quater ipso in limine portaesubstitit atque utero sonitum quater arma dedere;instamus tamen immemores caecique furoreet monstrum infelix sacrata sistimus arce.               245tunc etiam fatis aperit Cassandra futurisora dei iussu non umquam credita Teucris.nos delubra deum miseri, quibus ultimus essetille dies, festa velamus fronde per urbem.

E. Lines 268-280: HECTOR APPEARS TO AENEAS IN A DREAM

BASIC VOCABULARY: tempus, -oris (n): quiēs, quiētis; ; Donum, -ī (n); Divus, -ī (m); videō, -ēre, vīsī, vīsus; adsum, adesse, adfuī; Ante; pēs, pedis (m); redeō, redīre; mutō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: ignis, ignis (m): Oculus, -ī (m); sanguis, sanguis (m); accipiō, -ere, accipēcī; Circum + acc; murus, -ī (m): voc, vocis (f);

PROPER NAMES:

1.

2. Hector, Hectoris

3. Achilles, Achillis

4. Phrygius, -a, -um

5. Danaī, Danaōrum

6. Dardania, -ae

7. Teucrī, -ōrum

8. Pergama, -ae

9. Penātēs

10. Vesta, -ae

VOCABULARY

1.

2. Incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptus

3. Gratus, -a, -um

4. Somnus, -ī (m)

5. Aeger, aegra, aegrum;

6. serpō, serpere, serpsī, serptus

7. Passive of videō-

8. effundō, effundere, effūdī, effūsus

9. largus, -a, -um:

10. fletus, -ūs:

11. maestus, -a, -um

12. ut (followed by indicative verb)

13. quondam

14. raptō, -āre, -āvī, raptātus,

15. bigae, -ārum

16. ater, atra, atrum

17. cruentus, -a, -um

18. pulvis, pulveris, (m)

19. traiciō, -ere, traiecī, traiectus:

20. tumentus, -a, -um

21. lorum, -ī (n)

***

22. eī (interjection=eheu)

23. qualis, quale

24. quantum

25. mutō, -āre, -āvī, mutātus

26. induō, -ere, induī, indutus

27. exuviae, -ārum (f-pl):

28. iaculor, iaculārī, iaculātus:

29. puppis, puppis

30. gerō, gerere, gessī, gessus

31. squaleō, -ēre, squaluī

32. barba, -ae

33. crinis, crinis (m)

34. concretus, -a, -um

35. patrius, -a, -um;

36. fleō, flēre, flēvī, fletus

37. ultrō

38. compellō –āre, -āvī, -ātus

39. expromō, -ere, exprompsī, expromptus

*

SIMPLIFIED:

1. Erat tempus in quō prīma quiēs incipit (for) mortalibus aegrīs.

2. Quiēs gratissima serpit (by means of a) donō deōrum.

3. In somnīs, ecce, Hector visus est adesse mihi ante meōs oculōs.

4. Hector maestissimus visus est effundere largōs fletūs.

5. Maestissimus Hector visus est ut quondam erat, ater (with) cruentō pulvere.

6. Maestissimus Hector visus est (ut quondam erat) raptātus ( by)bigīs.

7. Maestissimus Hector visus est (ut quondam erat) traiectus per tumentīs pedēs (with respect to) lora. * tumentīs=tumentēs, modifies pedēs.

***

8. Eī, mihi qualis Hector erat! Eī=eheu!

9. Quantum mutātus (he) erat ab illō Hectore quī redit indutus exuviās Achillī.

10. Quantum mutātus (he) erat ab illō Hectore quī iaculātus Phrygiōs ignēs (at the) puppibus Danaōrum.

11. (He) Erat gerēns squalentem barbam et crinēs concrētōs sanguine.

12. (He) Erat gerēns illa plurima vulnera quae (he) accēpit circum patriōs murōs.

13. Flēns, ego ipse vidēbar ultra compellāre Hectorem et expromere maestās vocēs:

AFTER YOU READ THE ORIGINAL VERGIL, ANSWER

1. What is creepy about Vergil’s use of the word “serpit” in line 269, when he says that rest creeps/crawls in as a gift of the gods?

2.

VERGIL:

Tempus erat quo prima quies mortalibus aegrisincipit et dono divum gratissima serpit.in somnis, ecce, ante oculos maestissimus Hector               270visus adesse mihi largosque effundere fletus,raptatus bigis ut quondam, aterque cruentopulvere perque pedes traiectus lora tumentis. Tumentis (poetic) =tumentesei mihi, qualis erat, quantum mutatus ab illoHectore qui redit exuvias indutus Achilli               275vel Danaum Phrygios iaculatus puppibus ignis!squalentem barbam et concretos sanguine crinisvulneraque illa gerens, quae circum plurima murosaccepit patrios. ultro flens ipse videbarcompellare virum et maestas expromere voces:               280

F. LINES 281-297: HECTOR’S GHOST WARNS AENEAS

BASIC VOCABULARY: lux, lucis (f)teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus; ora, -ae (f); veniō, venīre, vēnē, ventus: defessus, -a, -um; post + acc; labor, laboris, homo, hominis, (m); Causa, -ae(f): serenus, -a, um; respondeō, -ēre, responses; nihil graviter; Fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fuitūrus; ēripiō, ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptus; dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductus; Flamma, -ae: hostis, hostis; habeō, habēre, habuī; ruō, ruere, ruī, ruatus; altus, -a, -um; dō, dare, dedī, datus; patria, -ae (f); defendō, defendere, defendī,

1. fIdus, -a, -um

2. spēs, eī,

3. tantus, -a, -um

4. mora, -ae (f):

5. expectō, -āre, -āvī, expectātus

6. aspiciō, -ere, aspexī, aspectus

7. funus, funeris (n)

8. varius, -a, -um

9. cernō, -ere, crevī, certus:

10. vultus, -ūs (n):

11. moror, morārī,

12. quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī, quaesītus

13. vanus, -a, -um

14. gemitus, -ūs:

15. īmus, -a, -um:

16. pectus, -oris

17. aiō

18. nascor, nascī, natus

19. culmen, culminis (n)

20. sat/satis

21. dextra, -0ae (f)

22. commend, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

23. comes, it is

24. moenia, -ium (n-pl)

25. statuō, -ere, statuī, statūtus:

26. efferō, efferre, extulī, ēlatus

27. vitta, -ae

28. penetralis, penetrale

29. adytus, ī (n)

SIMPLIFIED:

Aeneas is speaking to the ghost of Hector:

14. “O lux Dardaniae, O fidissima spēs Teucrōrum

15. (continued) quae tantae morae tenuērunt tē?

16. Expectate Hector, ab quibus orīs venis? * expectate (long awaited) is vocative modifying Hector.

17. Defessī, aspicimus tē post multa funera tuōrum (populōrum).

18. Defessī, aspicimus tē post variōs laborēs hominum et laborēs urbis. *labor, -oris = hardship

19. Quae causa indigna foedāvit (tuōs) serenōs vultūs.

20. Aut cūr cernō haec vulnera?”

21. Hector respondet nihil, nec moratur mē quaerentem haec vana.

22. Hector ducēns gemitūs graviter dē imō pectore ait:

Hector’s ghost speaks:

21. “Heu, nate* (from a) deā, fuge et eripe tē (from) hīs flammīs. *nate=born (vocative);

22. Hostis habet murōs;

23. Troia ruit ab altō culmine.

24. Sat datum est (for ) patriae et Priamō.

25. Sī Pergama possent defendī (by a) dextrā manū, etiam fuissent defensa (by) hāc dextrā manū

26. Troia commendat sua sacra et suōs Penatēs tibi.

27. Cape hōs (as) comitēs fatōrum tuōrum.

28. Quaere magna moenia (for) hīs sacrīs et Penatīs.

29. Quaere magna moenia quae tū statuēs*, pontō pererratō **”. *future tense; ** abl. absolute

30. Sic ait, et effert (with his) manibus vittās et potentem Vestam, et aeternum ignem (from) penetralibus adytīs.

ANSWER, AFTER YOU READ THE ORIGINAL:

1. Explain what you think Aeneas means when he asks the ghost: “quae tantae morae tenuērunt tē?”

2. What does Aeneas ask the ghost next? What would you ask the ghost of a close friend if it appeared to you?

2. Explain the grammar of the following “mixed” conditional sentence. What are the tenses of the two

subjunctive verbs? si Pergama dextra defendi possent, etiam hac defensa fuissent.

3. What is the significance of the Penates and the other holy objects in this story?

VERGIL

Tempus erat quo prima quies mortalibus aegrisincipit et dono divum gratissima serpit.in somnis, ecce, ante oculos maestissimus Hector               270visus adesse mihi largosque effundere fletus,raptatus bigis ut quondam, aterque cruentopulvere perque pedes traiectus lora tumentis.ei mihi, qualis erat, quantum mutatus ab illoHectore qui redit exuvias indutus Achilli               275vel Danaum Phrygios iaculatus puppibus ignis!squalentem barbam et concretos sanguine crinisvulneraque illa gerens, quae circum plurima murosaccepit patrios. ultro flens ipse videbarcompellare virum et maestas expromere voces:               280'o lux Dardaniae, spes o fidissima Teucrum,quae tantae tenuere morae? quibus Hector ab oris tenuere=tenueruntexspectate venis? ut te post multa tuorumfunera, post varios hominumque urbisque laboresdefessi aspicimus! quae causa indigna serenos               285foedavit vultus? aut cur haec vulnera cerno?'ille nihil, nec me quaerentem uana moratur,sed graviter gemitus imo de pectore ducens,'heu fuge, nate dea, teque his' ait 'eripe flammis.hostis habet muros; ruit alto a culmine Troia.               290sat patriae Priamoque datum: si Pergama dextradefendi possent, etiam hac defensa fuissent.sacra suosque tibi commendat Troia penatis;hos cape fatorum comites, his moenia quaeremagna pererrato statues quae denique ponto.'               295sic ait et manibus vittas Vestamque potentemaeternumque adytis effert penetralibus ignem.

G. Lines 559-574: AENEAS IS ABOUT TO GO HOME, WHEN HE SEES HELEN

Basic Vocabulary: tum; primum; horror, -oris (m); rex, regis, (m); vita, -ae; domus, -ūs; crudelis, crudele, vulnus, vulneris, (n)’ defessus, -a, -um; mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus; desertus, -a, -um; dō, dare, dedī, datus; ignis, ignis; aeger, aegra, aegrum; unus, -a, -um; corpus, corporis, iam; dum; tacitus, -a, -um; secretus, -a, -um; lux, lucis, (f); ferō, ferre, tulī, latus; oculus, -ī; per, suus, -a, um; patria, -ae; poena, -ae; sedeō, -ēre, sedī, sessus

PROPER NAMES:

1.

2. Creusa, -ae:

3. Iulus, -ī (Ascanius, -ī)

4. Tyndarida

5. Pergama, -ae;

6. Teucrī, -ōrum

7. Danaī, -ōrum

8. Erynys, Erynos (a Greek name)

VOCABULARY

1.

1. Saevis, -a, -um;

2. Circumstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

3. Obstipescō, -ere, obstituī:

4. Imagō, imaginis (f)

5. Carus, -a, -um

6. Genitor, -oris (m)

7. Subeō, subīre, subiī, subītus

8. Ut

9. Aequaevus, -a, -um

10. Exhalō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus:

11. Vulnus, vulneris, (n)

12. Casus, -ūs: (m)

13. Parvus, -a, -um

**

14. Respiciō, -ere, respexī, respectus

15. Lustrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

16. Copia, -ae (m):

17. Deserō, -ere, deseruī, desertus:

18. Saltus, -ūs (m)

19. Aeger, aegra, aegrum

20. iamque

21. Adeō

22. cum

23. Supersum, superesse, superfuī

***

24. Aspiciō, -ere, aspexī, aspectus

25. Servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

26. Limen, liminis n

27. Lateō, latēre, latuī

28. Sedes, sedis (f)

29. Incendium, -ī errō, -āre –āvī, -ātum

30. Cunctus, -a, -8um

31. Passim

32. Communis, communie

33. Praemetuō, -ere,

34. Infestus, -a, -um

35. Ob

36. Evertō, -ere, evertī,

37. Coniunx, coniungis, m

38. Abdō, -ere, abdidī, abditus

39. Ara, -ae (f)

40. Invisus, -a, -um

SIMPLIFIED:

1. At tum primum saevus horror circumstetit mē.

2. Obstipuī.

3. Imagō meī carī genitoris subiit.

4. Vīdī regem (=Priam) aequaevum (to my father) exhalentem vitam (from) crudelī vulnere. *pap modifying regem

5. Creusa et direpta domus et casus parvī Iulī subiit. ***

6. Respiciō. Lustrō quae copia sit circum mē. (indirect question)

7. Omnēs (of my companions), defessī, deseruērunt mē.

8. (My companions) mīsērunt sua corpora ad terram (by means of ) saltū,

9. Aut (they-my companions) dedērunt sua aegra corpora ignibus.

10. Iamque adeo ego unus (one=alone) supereram. ***

11. Aspiciō Tyndarida serventem limina Vestae. *pap modifying Tyndarida

12. Aspiciō Tynarida latentem tacitam in secretā sede. *pap modifying Tyndarida

13. Clara incendia dant lucem.

14. Clara incendia dant lucem mihi errantī et ferentī meōs oculōs per cuncta passim. *paps modifying mihi.

15. Tyndarida erat communis Erinys (of) Troiae et suae patriae (suae patriae=Greece).

16. Tyndarida praemetuēns (pap modifying Tyndarida) Teucrōs ob Pergama ēverta (ppp modifying Pergama) . . .

17. Tyndarida praemetuēns (pap modifying Tyndarida) poenās Danaōrum et irās desertī coniugis . . .

18. Tyndarida erat communis Erinys (of) Troiae et suae patriae (suae patriae=Greece).

19. Tyndarida, invisa, abdiderat se et sedēbat (at or on) arīs.

VERGIL: 559-574

At me tum primum saevus circumstetit horror.obstipui; subiit cari genitoris imago,               560ut regem aequaeuum crudeli vulnere vidivitam exhalantem, subiit deserta Creusaet direpta domus et parvi casus Iuli.respicio et quae sit me circum copia lustro.deseruere omnes defessi, et corpora saltu               565ad terram misere aut ignibus aegra dedere.

[Iamque adeo super unus eram, cum limina Vestae servantem et tacitam secreta in sede latentemTyndarida aspicio; dant claram incendia lucemerranti passimque oculos per cuncta ferenti.               570illa sibi infestos eversa ob Pergama Teucroset Danaum poenam et deserti coniugis iraspraemetuens, Troiae et patriae communis Erinys,abdiderat sese atque aris invisa sedebat.

* Many scholars think that lines 567-588 were added by a later editor.

H. Lines 575-587: AENEAS THINKS ABOUT KILLING HELEN

BASIC VOCABULARY: animu, -ī, ira, -ae; patria, -ae (f); Sceleratus, -a, -um; poena, -ae (f); coniugium, n; natus, -ī (m); Turba, -ae minister, -trī (m); litus, litoris, (n); Sanguis, -inis, (m); ita, namque; nullus, -a, -um; Memorabilis, -e; nomen, nominis; tantus, -a, -um; tamen, laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus; animus, -0ī flamma, -ae;

PROPER NAMES:

I. Phyrigius;

II. Iliās, Iliādis (f)

III. Priamus, -ī

IV. Dardanius, -a, -um;

VOCABULARY:

1.

1. Exardescō, exardescere, exarsī, exarsus:

2. Subeō, subīre, subiī, subītus

3. Ulciscor, ulciscī, ultus; cadō, cadere, cecidī, casus;

4. Sumō, sumere, sumpsī, sumptus

5. Scilicet

6. Incolumnis, incolumne

7. Aspiciō, aspicere, aspexī, aspectus:

8. Velut

9. Pariō, parere, peperī, partus

10. Comitō, -āre, -āvī, ātus

11. minister, ministrī, (m)

12. Occidō, occidere, occidī, occasus:

13. Ferrum, -ī n

14. Ardeō, ardēre, arsī, arsus;

15. Sudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

16. Totiens;

17. Etsī,

18. Femineus, -a, -um;

19. Laus, laudis, (f)

20. Extinquō, exstinguere, exstinxī, exstinctus:

21. Nefas (n)

22. Merēns, merentis;

23. iuvō, iuvāre, -āvī, iutus

24. Expleō, explēre, explevī, expletus

25. Ultrix, ultricis (f)

26. Satiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus; cinis, cineris (m)

SIMPLIFIED;

1. Ignēs exarsērunt in meō animō;

2. Ira subit mē ulciscī meam cadentem patriam et sumere scelerātās poenās.

3. Scilicit haec fēmina, incolumnis, aspiciet (fut) Spartam et patriās Mycenās.

4. Scilicit haec fēmina, incolumnis, ibit (fut) (as a) regīna, (abl. abs→ triumphō partō.

5. (She) vidēbit coniugium et domum patris et natōs, (modifies she→ comitata (by a ) turbā Iliadum et Phrygiīs ministrī ?

6. Priamus occiderit ferrō?

7. Troia arserit in ignī?

8. Dardanium litus sudāverit (with) sanguine totiens?

9. Est nullum memorabile nomen in femineā poenā.

10. Tanta victoria nōn habet laudem.

11. Illa fēmina (i.e. Helen) est nefās.

12. Laudābor exstinxisse nefās (i. e. Helen) et sumpsisse merentis poenās.

13. Namque etsī est nullum memorabile nomen in femineā poenā, et tanta victoria nōn habet laudem, tamen laudābor exstinxisse nefās et sumpsisse merentis poenās.

14. Iuvābit mē explevisse animum (with the) flammae ultricis et satiavisse cineres meōrum populōrum.

VERGIL: exarsere ignes animo; subit ira cadentem               575 exarsere=exarsērunt ulcisci patriam et sceleratas sumere poenas.'scilicet haec Spartam incolumis patriasque Mycenasaspiciet, partoque ibit regina triumpho?coniugiumque domumque patris natosque videbitIliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris?               580occiderit ferro Priamus? Troia arserit igni?Dardanium totiens sudarit sanguine litus?non ita. namque etsi nullum memorabile nomenfeminea in poena est, habet haec victoria laudem;exstinxisse nefas tamen et sumpsisse merentis               585laudabor poenas, animumque explesse iuvabitultricis flammae et cineres satiasse meorum.'talia iactabam et furiata mente ferebar,]

I. Lines 589-603: VENUS TELLS AENEAS NOT TO KILL HELEN

BASIC VOCABULARY: 1) ferō, ferre, tulī, latus; 2) mēns, mentis (f); 3) cum; 4) parēns, parentis (f); 5) Ante; 6) tam; 7) clarus, -a, um; 8) Oculus, -ī, (m); 9) Purus, -a, -um; 10) lux, lucis; 11) per ; 12) nox, noctis (f); 13) os, oris, (n); 14) Natus, -ī; 15) tantus, -a, -um; 16) dolor, doloris, (m); 17) Excitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus; 17) ira, -ae; 18) aut; 19) cura, -ae; 20) prius; 21) non; 22) fessus, -a, -um; 23) coniunx, coniugis (f); 24) super, āre, -āvī, ātus: 25) Inimicus, -a, -um; 26) undique; 27) divus, -ī, (m)=deus, -ī

PROPER NAMES: Anchises, -ae, (m): Creusa, -ae (f); Ascanius, -ī; Graius, -a, -um; Lacaenus, -a, -um; Tyndaris, Tyndaridis (f); Paris, Paridis

VOCABULARY:

I.

1. Iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

2. Talis, tale

3. Dictum, -ī (n)

4. Furiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

5. Almus, -a, -um

6. Offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblatus;

7. tam;

8. refulgeō, refulgēre, refulī

9. Confiteor, confiterī, confessus

10. Quails, quale,

11. Quantus, -a, -um;

12. Soleō, solēre, solitus

13. Caelicola, -ae, (m)

14. Contineō, -ēre, continuī, dextra, -ae (f)

15. Addō, addere, addidī, additus

16. Insuper

17. Roseus, -a, -um

18. Indomitus, -a, -um

19. Furō, fuere feruī

20. Quonam

21. Recedō, recedere, recess, recessus

22. Linquō, linquere, liquīk lictus

23. Aetās aetātis (f)

24. Resist, resistere, restitī,

25. Ensis, ensis (m):

26. Hauriō, haurīre, hausī, hastus

27. Aciēs, aciēī,

28. Errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

29. Inclementia, -ae;

30. evertō, -ere, evertī, eversus

31. Ops, opis (f)

32. Sternō, sternere, stravī, stratus

33. Culmen, culminis (n)

34. Invisus, -a, -um

35. Faciēs, faciēī

36. Culpatus, -a, -um

37. –ve added to the end of a word

SIMPLIFIED:

I. Iactabam talia dicta et ferebar (in my) furiatā mente.

II. Mea alma parens obtulis sē mihi videndam ←Fut. Pass. Part/gerundive)

III. Mea alma parens obtulis sē mihi videndam, nōn ante tam clara meīs oculīs.

IV. (she) refulsit in purā luce per noctem.

V. (she) refulsit in purā luce per noctem, (modifies she→confessa sē esse dea.

VI. (she) confessa sē esse dea, et qualis et quanta solet viderī (by) caelicolīs.

VII. (she) continuit mē prehensum dextrā.

VIII. (she) insuper addidit haec dicta (with her) roseō ore

IX. “Nate, quis tantus dolor excitat indomitās irās?

X. Quid furis?

XI. Quonam cura nostrī ( for us) tibi (by you) recessit? * Where has your care for us gone?

XII. Non prius aspiciēs ubi liqueris (fut) Anchisen, parentem fessum aetate?

XIII. Aspiciēs (whether) coniunx Crusa superet?

XIV. Aspiciēs (whether) Ascanius superet?

XV. Ni mea cura resistat hostes, et flammae iam tulerint.

XVI. Ni mea cura resistat hostes, et inimicus ensis hauserit (sanquinem).

XVII. Graecae aciēs errant undique.

XVIII. Et inimicus ensis hauserit (sanguinem) omnis circum quōs Graecae aciēs errant unique.

XIX. Inclementia divorum, divorum, everit has opes et sternit troiam a culmine.

XX. Inclementia divorum, non invisa facies lacaenae Tyndaridis aut culpatus Paris

VERGIL

cum mihi se, non ante oculis tam clara, videndamobtulit et pura per noctem in luce refulsit               590alma parens, confessa deam qualisque videricaelicolis et quanta solet, dextraque prehensumcontinuit roseoque haec insuper addidit ore:'nate, quis indomitas tantus dolor excitat iras?quid furis? aut quonam nostri tibi cura recessit?               595non prius aspicies ubi fessum aetate parentemliqueris Anchisen, superet coniunxne CreusaAscaniusque puer? quos omnis undique Graiaecircum errant acies et, ni mea cura resistat,iam flammae tulerint inimicus et hauserit ensis.               600non tibi Tyndaridis facies invisa Lacaenaeculpatusue Paris, divum inclementia, divumhas evertit opes sternitque a culmine Troiam.

J. Lines 604-620; VENUS SHOWs AENEAS WHAT IS REALLY GOING ON

BASIC VOCABULARY: 1) namque; 2) timeō, -ēre, -timuī, 3) quī, quae, quod 4) iussum, ī: 5) parēns, parentis (f); 6) saxum, -ī (n); 7) misceō, miscēre, miscuī; 8)murus,-ī; 9)ēmoveō,-ēre, ēmovī, ēmotus; 10) tridēns, tridentis m; 11) Totus, -a, -um; 11) sedēs, sedis (f); 13) hic; 14) saevus, -a, -um; 15) porta, -ae; 16) arx, arcis (f); 17) natus, -ī; 18) fuga, -ae; 19) absum, abesse, afuī; 20: patrius, -a, -um

PROPER NAMES: a. Scaea Porta; b. Tritonia Pallas c. Gorgō, Gorgōnis: d. Danaī, -ōrum; e. Dardanus, -a, -um: VOCABULARY

1. Aspiciō, -ere, aspexī, aspectus

2. ēripiō, ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptus:

3. nubēs, nubis (f)=nimbus, -ī (m)

4. obdūcō, obducere, obdūxī, obductus

5. Tueor, tuerī, tutus

6. Hebetō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

7. Vīsus, -ūs

8. Umidus, -a, -um;

9. Caligō, -āre, -āvī, ātus

10. Neu

11. Recusō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

12. Pareō, parēre, paruī, paritus

13. Praeceptum, praeceptī (n)

14. Molēs, molis:

15. disiciō, -ere, disēcī, disectus:

16. avelō, avellere, avellī, avulsus

17. undō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus

18. fumus, -ī (m)

19. pulvis, -eris (m)

20. quatiō, quatere, quassus:

21. fundamentum, -ī (n)

22. ēruō, -ere, ēruī, ērutus:

23. sedēs, sedis (f)

24. furō, furere, feruī

25. accingō, accingere, accinxī, accinctus

26. agmen, agminis (n):

27. socius, -ī (m)

28. respiciō, -ere, respexī, respectus

29. insidō, -ere, insēdī, insessus

30. effulgeō, -ēre, effulsī,

31. nimbus, -ī

32. sufficiō, -ere, suffēcī, suffectus:

33. animus, -ī (m) (2nd ary meaning)

34. secundus, -a, -um (2nd ary meaning)

35. suscitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus:

36. impōnō, impōnere, imposuī, impositus:

37. nusquam=numquam

38. sistō, -ere, stetī, status:

39. tūtus, -a, -um

40. limen, liminis (n)

SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES: Venus is saying all this to her son Aeneas:

1. “Ascipe!

2. Namque ēripiam omnem nubem

3. Namque ēripiam omnem nubem quae nunc, (having been) obducta, hebetat mortālēs vīsūs tibi tuentī. *tibi tuentī=for you watching.

4. Namque ēripiam omnem nubem quae nunc, (being) ūmida, cālīgat circum tē.

5. Tū nē timē iussa parentis. (*nē timē (poetical)=nolī timēre)

6. Tū neu recūsā pārēre praeceptēs parentis. (*neu recūsā (poetical)=nolī recūsāre)

7. Hīc vidēs molēs disiectās et saxa avulsa (with) saxīs. (disiectās & avulsa are ppp’s)

8. Vidēs fumum undantem (with) pulvere mixtō. (Undantem is a pap) (pulvere mixtō is an abl. abs)

9. Neptunus quatit murōs et fundamenta ēmota (with a) magnō tridentī. (ēmota is a ppp)

10. Neptunus ēruit totam urbem ā sedibus.

11. Prīma Iunō saevissima tenet Scaeās portās.

12. Iunō furēns, accinta ferrō, vocat socium agmen ā navibus.

13. Iam, respice!

14. Tritonia Pallas, effulēns (from a) nimbō (with the) saevā Gorgone, insedit summās arcēs.

15. Pater ipse (Iuppiter) sufficit animum et secundās virēs Danaīs.

16. Pater ipse suscitat deīs in Dardana arma.

17. Nate, ēripe fugam et impōne fīnem laborī.

18. Nusquam aberō ā tē.

19. Sistam tē tutum in patriō limine.

ANSWER

1. MYTHOLOGY: Why are each of these deities, Neptune, Athena and Iuno, mad at Troy? I know you know the answer in regard to Athena and Iuno. Look up the story of how Neptune & Apollo built the walls of Troy for Laomedon, the father of Priam, but then he didn’t pay them as promised.

2. What is the adjective-noun arrangement of : mixtoque undantem pulvere fumum,

VERGIL 599-621aspice (namque omnem, quae nunc obducta tuentimortalis hebetat visus tibi et umida circum               605caligat, nubem eripiam; tu ne qua parentisiussa time neu praeceptis parere recusa):hic, ubi disiectas moles avulsaque saxissaxa vides, mixtoque undantem pulvere fumum,Neptunus muros magnoque emota tridenti               610fundamenta quatit totamque a sedibus urbemeruit. hic Iuno Scaeas saevissima portasprima tenet sociumque furens a navibus agmenferro accincta vocat.iam summas arces Tritonia, respice, Pallas               615insedit nimbo effulgens et Gorgone saeva.ipse pater Danais animos virisque secundas animos is a poetic plural; in poetry, viris=viressufficit, ipse deos in Dardana suscitat arma. eripe, nate, fugam finemque impone labori;nusquam abero et tutum patrio te limine sistam.'               620

The Aeneid Book 2 Summary

X

· After some initial hesitation, Aeneas begins to tell the story of Troy's downfall. Everything that follows in this book is told by Aeneas, and so reflects his perspective.

· Aeneas begins by telling how the Greeks, unable to defeat the Trojans in battle, sail away from Troy. On the beach, they leave behind a giant wooden horse, with Greek warriors hidden inside it – though the Trojans don't know that yet.

· Something else the Trojans don't know is that the Greeks didn't actually sail home. Instead, they made their way to the nearby island of Tenedos, and parked their navy behind it.

· The Trojans are amazed at the horse and come out of their city to have a better look at it.

· Some argue in favor of taking it inside the city. Others say it should be destroyed.

· Laocoön, a priest, comes down from the city to have a look. He says not to trust anything having to do with the Greeks. He even guesses that there are Greeks hiding inside it, and throws his spear at the horse. It echoes, revealing that it is hollow.

· The Trojans would have followed Laocoön's lead and destroyed the horse, but they are interrupted by a commotion.

· It turns out that all the ruckus is coming from some shepherds, who step forward with a prisoner – a Greek!

· The captive's name is Sinon, and he has a story to tell.

· Sinon claims to be related to Palamedes, a Greek hero who came to oppose the Trojan War. As a result of this, Palamedes was executed on a trumped-up charge, as a result of Ulysses's (a.k.a. Odysseus's) trickery.

· Sinon says that because he complained about this injustice, Ulysses had it in for him.

· He also says that the Greeks tried several times to sail home, but, every time, they were held back by bad weather. He says that their problems only got worse after the horse was built.

· Finally, they sent a guy called Eurypylus to ask the oracle of Apollo what they should do. The oracle told Eurypylus that a human sacrifice was required for them to get home, just as a human sacrifice was required for them to get to Troy.

· (Huh? The oracle is referring to the fact that, on the way to Troy the Greek king Agamemnon had to sacrifice his daughter, Iphigeneia, to convince the winds to blow the right way.)

· As you can imagine, this made everyone pretty nervous. Ulysses asked Calchas, the soothsayer, to interpret the true will of the gods.

· Calchas kept silent for ten days, but finally caved in to Ulysses's pestering, and named Sinon as the victim. Everyone else was cool with that.

· When the day of the sacrifice rolled around, however, Sinon managed to escape. In the end, the Greeks sailed off without finding him.

· So ends Sinon's story. In concluding, he begs the Trojans, in the name of the gods, to spare his life.

· The Trojans feel pity for Sinon, and Priam orders them to remove his chains.

· At this point, Priam thinks it's time to ask Sinon about the elephant in the room – that is, the horse on the beach.

· Sinon first swears that he is no longer loyal to the Greeks. Then he explains how the Greeks' troubles started when Ulysses and Diomedes stole a statuette of Minerva from the Trojan citadel. (You can learn more about this daring raid here.)

· After they brought the statuette back to camp, however, wacky stuff started happening. The statuette started sweating, flaming, and moving its eyes. Oh yeah, and the goddess herself kept appearing out of the ground amid flashes of lightening.

· Calchas, the seer, interpreted these events to mean that Troy could not be captured. They would have to sail home and wait for another sign from the gods before making war on it again.

· According to Sinon, it was on Calchas's orders that they constructed the horse – as a replacement for what they had stolen. He says that the reason they made it so big was so that the Trojans wouldn't be able to take it inside their city.

· Sinon tells the Trojans that if any of them damage the horse, it will bring destruction on all of Troy. On the other hand, if they take it inside the city, it will bring destruction on all the Greeks (nudge, nudge, wink, wink). Here ends Sinon's second story.

· At this point, Laocoön, the priest guy who threw the spear at the side of the horse, starts making a sacrifice to Neptune, the god of the sea.

· All of a sudden, two giant serpents slither out of the sea, crawl up to Laocoön, and strangle him and his two sons to death. (A picture's worth a thousand words.) Then the serpents make their way into Troy, head to Minerva's citadel, and curl up behind the statue's shield.

· The Trojans interpret this as punishment from the gods for spearing the horse. They decide to take the horse inside the city. They actually have to knock a hole in the wall to bring it in.

· Everyone is celebrating. Four times the horse jars on its way into the city, and four times the weapons of the Greeks inside clatter. No one notices.

· The Trojan princess Cassandra, who has the gift of prophesy, tries to prevent them from taking the horse inside the city. Unfortunately, the gods have cursed her so that her predictions will not be believed. As indeed they aren't.

· Night comes. The Greek fleet sails back from Tenedos. Sinon lets the Greeks out of the horse. They kill the Trojan sentries and open the city gates for their friends who are just arriving at the city.

· Meanwhile, in the city, Aeneas is asleep. The Trojan warrior Hector appears to him in his dream, all covered in blood and dirt as he was on the day he was killed by the Greek hero Achilles.

· Hector tells Aeneas that Troy is about to be captured. He tells him to gather up his household gods and go found a new city for them.

· Aeneas wakes up and climbs up to his roof. From there, he hears a terrible clamor, and can see numerous houses burning.

· His first thought is to arm himself for battle. Then, at his door appears Pantheus, the priest of Apollo, who is carrying some images of the gods, and leading his grandson.

· Aeneas asks Pantheus where they should take their stand to defend Troy, but Pantheus tells him that the city is done for.

· All the same, Aeneas rushes into the fight, and gathers up some companions. Together, they fight with suicidal courage.

· They kill some Greeks and take their equipment. With these disguises, they are able to join the ranks of other Greeks and kill them through trickery.

· But then Coroebus, one of Aeneas's comrades, who also happens to be the husband of Cassandra, sees his wife being dragged out of Minerva's temple by some Greek warriors. Like a madman, he rushes into the fight, and everyone else follows.

· In the chaos, they are hit by a bunch of missiles thrown by Trojans hiding out of top of the temple – they mistook Aeneas and company for Greeks because of their stolen armor.

· Realizing the Trojans' deception, the Greeks rally, and a furious battle breaks out in front of the temple. Many Trojans are killed, including Coroebus.

· But then the Trojans are distracted when they realize that Priam's palace is being besieged. Aeneas and some other men sneak in a back entrance to help out.

· They make their way to the roof, where they knock a tower off onto the Greeks below. But there are too many of them, and they keep coming on.

· The most fearsome of the Greeks is Neoptolemus, the son of Achilles.

· Meanwhile, Priam puts on his armor and prepares to face down the Greeks, old and decrepit as he is.

· When his wife Hecuba sees him, however, she tells him to stop being such a fool. She makes him come over with her and some women who are clinging to an altar for safety. (They are assuming that the Greeks will not violate the holiness of the place.)

· Just then, Polites, one of Priam's sons, rushes in, wounded, with Neoptolemus in pursuit. Neoptolemus catches up to him and kills him.

· Enraged, Priam prepares to attack Neoptolemus. Priam reminds Neoptolemus about how his father, Achilles, once had pity on him when he gave Hector's body back for burial. (This scene is described in Book 23 of Homer's Iliad.) Priam tells Neoptolemus that his horrible behavior makes it seem as if he isn't a true son of Achilles.

· Priam feebly attacks his younger foe, but does not succeed in wounding him.

· Instead, Neoptolemus drags Priam through the blood of his son to the altar, and kills him there.

· Aeneas, who has been watching this whole scene, suddenly thinks of his own father, Anchises.

· On his way home, he runs into Helen. She is trying to hide, afraid of both the Trojans and the Greeks.

· Aeneas is about to kill her, when his mother, Venus, appears and tells him not to blame her. She says that what is happening to Troy is not Helen's fault; it is the will of the gods.

· Venus takes the mist away from Aeneas's sight so he can see various gods at work destroying the city.

· Then Aeneas runs home, finds his father, and tells him to get ready: they're going to head for the hills!

· But Anchises refuses. He says that he has lived and suffered long enough.

· Creusa, Aeneas's wife, and Ascanius, his son, try to bring Anchises around, but he keeps refusing.

· Finally, Aeneas gathers his weapons in order to go out and die fighting.

· Creusa tells him to take her and Ascanius along with him.

· Just then, flames burst out of Ascanius's head, but do not burn him.

· Anchises prays for a sign from the gods, and suddenly a shooting star flashes overhead.

· Anchises accepts the sign and decides to go with Aeneas.

· Now thinking of survival instead of suicide, Aeneas takes his father on his shoulders. He gives his father the images of the household gods to carry. Then he takes Ascanius by the hand.

· After Aeneas tells some servants that they will meet up at a certain cypress tree by an inland gate of the city, they head off, with Creusa following behind.

· In a moment of confusion, however, Aeneas ducks down some alleyways, and Creusa gets lost. Aeneas doesn't realize this until they get to the cypress tree.

· He goes back alone through the flaming city, looking for her, but does not find her. Suddenly, her ghost appears and tells him that it is too late. She tells him to go to where the Tiber river flows (i.e., in Italy). There he will get a new kingdom – and a new wife.

· Aeneas accepts Creusa's words and heads back to the cypress tree, where many refugees have now gathered. Together, they set out on their voyage.

· SOMEWHAT LITERAL TRANSLATION: Virgil: Aeneid Book 2 (Lines 40-56, 201-249, 268-297, and 559-620)

· Book 240 – 56

·  

· There, before everyone, with a great crowd following, first 40

· Laocoon, burning, runs down from the citadel,

· and, from afar [says], ‘O wretched citizens, what such great insanity [is this]?

· Do you believe that the enemies have been carried away?  Or do you think that

· gifts of the Greeks lack deceits?  Thus [was] well-known Ulysses?

· Either the Greeks, closed in, are hidden in this timber, 45

· or this machine has been made against our walls,

· about to look down upon [our] homes and come down from above onto the city,

· or some other trick lies hidden; do not trust the horse, Trojans.

· Whatever it is, I fear the Greeks, even bearing gifts.’

· Thus he spoke [and] he hurled a huge spear with strong forces 50

· into [its] side and into the belly of the beast, curved with seams.

· That [spear] stuck, trembling, and with the belly having been struck,

· the hollow [spaces] roared and the cavities gave a groan.

· And, if the fates of the gods, if the mind had not been foolish,

· he would have driven [us] to mangle the Greek hiding places with steel, 55

· and now Troy would stand, and you, o high citadel of Priam, would remain.

· 201 – 249

· Laocoon, a priest for Neptune, chosen by lot,

· was slaughtering a huge bull at the customary altars.

· However, behold, twin serpents from Tenedos lean upon the sea,

· throughout the tranquil seas (I shudder recalling [it]) with huge coils

· and hasten to the shores equally; 205

· the chests of them were raised between the waves and [their] bloody crests

· overcome the waves, the remaining part skims the sea

· behind and twists [its] backs, huge with a coil.

· With the salt-water spraying, a sound arises; and now they were holding the fields

· [their] burning eyes suffused with blood and fire 210

· they were licking their hissing mouths with [their] darting tongues.

· Bloodless, we fled from sight.  Those ones seek Laocoon

· in a fixed line; and first the serpent,

· having embraced the little bodies of [his]two sons,

· each entwine [them] and feed upon the wretched limbs with a bite; 215

· afterwards, they snatch up that one, approaching with aid and bearing

· weapons and they bind [him] with huge coils; and now

· having twice embraced [him around] the middle, having placed [their] scaly backs

· twice around [his] neck, they conquer [him] with [their] head and tall necks.

· At once, that one struggles to tear apart the knots 220

· [his] headbands soaked with blood and dark poison,

· at the same time, he raises horrifying shouts to the stars:

· just like a roar, when a wounded bull [at] the altar

· has shaken off an ill-aimed ax from [its] neck.

· But the twin dragons flee to the highest templess by gliding 225

· and they seek the citadel of fierce Minerva,

· they are hidden under the feet of the goddess and under the circle of [her] shield.

· Then indeed a new fear creeps through the alarmed chests to all,

· and they say that deserving Laocoon has payed for [his] crime,

· who struck the sacred oak with [his] spear 230

· and hurled the wicked spear [against its] back.

· They shout that the statue must be led to [their] homes and the divine wills of the

· goddess (Minerva) must be prayed for.

· We divide the walls and open the walls of the city.

· Everyone girds the labor and they place rollings of wheels under 235

· the feet, and they extend hemp cables from [its] neck:

· the deadly machine climbs the walls,

· teeming with arms.  Boys and unwed girls sing

· sacred [songs] around [it] and they rejoice to touch the cable with [their] hand;

· that one enters and glides into the middle of the city, threatening [us]. 240

· O homeland, o Ilium, home of the gods and gates of the Dardans,

· renowned in war! Four times it stopped on the threshold of the gate

· and four times the arms gave a crash from [its] belly;

· nevertheless we press on, unmindful and blind with madness

· and we stopped the unlucky beast at the dedicated citadel. 245

· Even then, Cassandra opens [her] mouths with the future fates,

· not ever having been believed by the Trojans, by the order of the god (Apollo).

· We wretched ones, for whom that day would be the last, cover the temples of the gods

· with festive foliage throughout the city.

· 268 – 297

· It was the time in which rest first begins in weary men

· and crawls in, most pleasing, by the gift of the gods.

· Behold, in [my] dreams, before [my] eyes, very gloomy Hector 270

· seemed to appear to me and to pour out abundant tears,

· having been carried off by a two-horse chariot, as formerly, and dark with bloody

· dust and pierced with leather straps through his swelling feet.

· Ah, of what sort he was to me, how changed from that

· Hector who returned, having worn the spoils to Achilles 275

· or having hurled the Phrygian fires to the ships of the Greeks;

· bearing a filthy beard and hair matted with blood

· and those many wounds, which he received around the paternal walls.

· Furthermore, I myself, weeping, was seeming

· to accost the man and to express sad voices: 280

· ‘O light of Troy, o most faithful hope of the Trojans,

· what such great delays held [you]?  Long-awaited Hector, from

· which shores do you come?  How we, weary, behold you after many funerals of your

· ancestors, after varied labors of both men and the city!

· What unworthy cause has defiled [your] calm 285

· countenances?  Or why do I detect these wounds?’

· That one [said] nothing, nor does he delay me seeking useless [things],

· but gravely drawing laments from his innermost chest

· he says, ‘Alas, goddess-born, flee and take yourself from these flames.

· The enemy has the walls; Troy topples from [its] high peak. 290

· Enough has been given to [your] country and to Priam; if Pergamum were able

· to be defended by a right hand, it would have yet been protected by this one.

· Troy entrusts [its] sacred objects and its deities to you;

· seize these comrades of the fates, seek great walls for them,

· which you finally establish with the sea having been travelled.’ 295

· Thus he speaks and, with [his] hands, he carries out the headbands and powerful

· Vesta and the eternal flame from the interior sanctuaries.

· 559 – 620

· But then, first, fierce terror surrounded me.

· I stood agape; the image of [my] dear father appeared, 560

· as I saw the equal-aged king with a cruel wound

· breathing out [his] life, abandoned Creusa appeared

· and [my] plundered home and the misfortune of little Iulus.

· I look back and I survey the troops which are around me.

· All [the soldiers], tired, have deserted, and sent [their] bodies with a leap 565

· to the ground or, weary, gave [themselves] to the flames.

· And now I alone was remaining to such an extent, when I catch sight of the daughter of Tyndarius (Helen) , guarding the

· thresholds of Vesta and hiding, silent, in [her] secret abode;

· fires give clear light

· to [me] wandering and bearing [my] eyes all about through the entire [scene]. 570

· That one, fearing the Trojans, hostile to her on account of overturned Pergamum

· and [fearing] the punishment of the Greeks and the angers of an abandoned husband,

· the common Fury of Troy and [her] homeland,

· had hidden herself and, hated, was sitting at the altars.

· Fires blazed in [my] soul; an anger to avenge [my] falling country and to 575

· exact wicked punishments enters.

· “Of course this one will behold Sparta and her Mycenaean homelands, unharmed,

· and will go, as queen, with [this] triumph having been acquired?

· Will she see [her] husband and the home of [her] father and [her] children

· with a crowd of Trojan women and accompanied by Phrygian attendants? 580

· [And] Priam will have died by iron?  Troy will have burned by fire?

· The Dardan shore will have sweated with blood so many times?

· [It is] not so.  For although there is no memorable name (i. e. honor)

· in feminine punishment, this victory has merit;

· nevertheless, I will be praised to have blotted out this unspeakable evil and to have exacted 585

· deserving punishments, and it will please [us] to have filled [my] soul

· with the report of revenge and to have satisfied the ashes of my [ancestors].”

· I was uttering such things and I was being carried by an enraged mind,

· when [my] nourishing parent, never before so clear to [my] eyes, presented herself

· to me to be seen, and gleamed throughout the night in pure light, 590

· having revealed [herself as] a goddess and in what way and how much (i. e. what size) she is

· accustomed to be seen by the gods, and she restrained [me] having been grabbed by

· [her] right hand and, in addition, she added these things from [her] rosey mouth:

· “Son, what such great pain arouses uncontrolled angers?

· What are you raging for?  Or to where has the care to you of ours departed? 595

· Will you not first look where you have left [your] parent Anchises, weary with age,

· or [whether your] wife Creusa survives and

· [your] boy Ascanius?  On all sides, the Greek lines surround them all

· and, unless my concern stops [them], the flames would

· already have carried them off and the enemy sword would have drained [them]. 600

· The face of Lacaenean daughter of Tyndarius (i. e. Helen), hateful to you, or blamed Paris, has not

· overturned these riches and knocked Troy from [its]

· peak, the cruelty of the gods, of the gods [has done it].

· Behold (for I will take away the whole cloud which now

· having been drawn over, dims the mortal visions to you watching 605

· and darkens [everything] with moisture; you, do not fear any orders of [your]

· parent nor refuse to obey [her] instructions):

· here, where you see scattered structures and rocks hewn from rocks,

· and smoke billowing with dust mixed in,

· Neptune shakes the walls and the foundations moved by [his] great trident 610

· and he overthrows the whole city from its foundations.

· There most savage Juno first holds the Scaean gates

· and, raging, girded with steel, calls the allied batteline

· from the ship.

· Now behold, Tritonian Minerva sits upon the highest citadels 615

· flashing with a stormcloud and fierce with [her] Gorgon.

· The father himself supplies spirits (courage) and favorable strengths to the Greeks,

· he himself arouses the gods against the Trojan arms.

· Grab your escape, son, and put an end to [your] labor;

· I will never leave and I will set you, safe, at [your] ancestral threshold. 620

Page

1

BOOK II

: Lines 40

-

56, 201

-

249, 268

-

297, 559

-

620

A.

40

-

56: Laocoon warns the Trojans

Basic: highlight any you need to review: :

ibi; primus,

-

a,

-

um; omnis,

-

e; magnus,

-

a,

-

um; ā/ab summus,

-

a,

-

um;

; miser, misera,

miserum; cīvis,

-

is; insania,

-

ae; crēdō,

-

ere, credidī, creditus; hostis,

-

is;

aut

. . . aut;

donum,

-

ī (n); bellum,

-

ī; in+acc

; noster,

nostra, nostrum; murus,

-

ī: inspiciō,

-

ere, inspēxī, inspectus; veniō,

-

īre, vēnī, ventus; urbs, urbis; equus,

-

ī; timeō,

-

ēre, timuī; et;

ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus; ingēns, ingentis; hasta,

-

ae; validus,

-

a, um; stō, stare, stetī, stat

us; dō, dare, dedī, datus; sī, fatum,

-

ī; deus,

-

ī; mēns, mentis; nunc

;

maneō, manēre, mānsī, mansus

PROPER NAMES:

1.

Laocoon,

-

ontis:

2.

Ulixes,

-

ī :

3.

Achivī,

-

ōrum:

4.

Danaī,

-

ōrum:

5.

Argolus,

-

ī:

6.

Teucrī,

-

ōrum:

7.

Troia,

-

ae:

8.

Prīamus,

-

ī:

VOCABULARY

9.

Ante

+ acc:

10.

Caterva,

-

ae (f):

11.

Comitō,

-

āre,

-

āvī,

-

ātus:

12.

Ardeō,

-

ēre, arsī, arsus:

13.

Dē

currō, dēcurrere, dēcurrī, dēcursus:

14.

Arx, arcis (f)

15.

Procul

16.

Tantus,

-

a,

-

um:

17.

avehō, avehere, avexī, avectus:

18.

putō,

-

āre,

-

āvī,

-

ātus

19.

ullus,

-

a,

-

um

20.

careō, car

re, caruī, caritus

+abl.

21.

dolus,

-

ī (m):

22.

sic

23.

notu

s

,

-

a

,

-

um

24.

includō,

-

ere, inclusī, inclusus;

25.

occultō,

-

āre,

-

āvī,

-

ātus

26.

lignum,

-

ī

(n)

27.

mac

h

ina,

-

ae

(f)

28.

fabricō,

-

āre,

-

āvī,

-

ātus

29.

domus,

-

ūs (f)

30.

dēsuper

31.

aliquis, aliqua, aliquid

32.

error,

-

ōris

33.

lateō,

-

atēre,

-

latuī

***

34.

quisquis, quidquid

35.

et usually means “and”, but sometimes means:

36.

for, fārī, fātus

37.

contorqueō,

-

ēre, contorsī, contortus

38.

vī

s

, vīs, (f):

39.

latus, lateris n

40.

ferus,

-

ī

(m):

41.

alvus,

-

ī (f):

42.

curvus,

-

a,

-

um

43.

compagēs compagis (f)

44.

tremō,

-

ere, tremuī, uterus,

-

ī (m):

45.

recutiō, recutere, recussī, recussus:

46.

cavus,

-

a,

-

um

47.

cavern

a

,

-

ae

(f)

48.

insonō,

-

āre, insonuI

49.

gemitus,

-

ūs (m):

****

50.

laevus,

-

a,

-

um

51.

impellō,

-

ere, impulī,

impuls

u

s

52.

foedō,

-

āre,

-

āvī,

-

ātus

53.

latebra,

-

ae

(f)

54.

ferrum, ī

(n)

55.

arx, arcis (f)