3.2 Use Artificial Lift Selection ToolsThis section presents
specific guidelines and recommended practices for using the
artificial lift selection tools to select a reasonable method or
type of artificial lift for a particular well.- Choose the most
likely candidate(s) with the qualitative screening tools- Map these
systems on the depth vs. rate charts for your wells- Map your wells
on the artificial lift performance envelope charts- Map your wells
on the inflow vs. outflow charts- Check your choice(s) with the
decision treesSummary of Selection Tools: Methods of Deliquifying
Gas ells:Guidelines ! "ecommended #racticesSelection of Artificial
Lift Systemsfor Deliquifying Gas ells#re$ared %y Artificial Lift
"!D &ouncilSelection of Artificial Lift Systems for
Deliquifying Gas ells #age 2This chart is la%eled as &oiled
Tu%ing %ut it is not.'t is for regular tu%ing: Selection of
Artificial Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells #age 3#lunger
Lift: (o) (igh a GL" is "equired for #lunger Lift to %e *easi%le?
Plunger Gas Requirement: 400 scf/(bbl-1000)Examle: !ell is "000
feet #ee an# $as G%R &f '"00 scf/bbl400 scf/ (bbl-100)(")'000
scf/bbl require# *ctual G%R is '"00 scf/bbl s& +ell $as
en&ug$ G%R f&r Plunger %ift (o) (igh a &asing +$erating
#ressure if "equired for #lunger Lift to %e *easi%le, Plunger
Pressure Requirement: ,P is casing &erating ressure &r
casing ressure buil# u #uring lunger c-cle. /P is tubing ressure
#uring buil# u &rti&n &f lunger c-cle%P is t$e ressure
t& &f tubing sees +$en lunger 0al0e &ens at surface.,P
must be 1 1 times t$e %P2f %P ) 100 t$en ,P must be 1 1 x 100 ) 1"0
siMore &onser-ati-e Gas "equirement to for #lunger Lift to %e
*easi%le:3&re ,&nser0ati0e Gas Requirement: Require 1000
scf/(bbl-1000)4&r slim $&le &r +it$ ac5er in t$e
+ell:Selection of Artificial Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells
#age .Require '000 scf/(bbl-1000)Plunger: less t$an ab&ut '00
&r 600 bbls liqui# er #a-.or below! the net operating pressure
is the casing operating pressure (what casing pressure builds to in
appro"imately two hours) minus the line or separator pressure that
is seen by the well at the surface when the value opens. #iquid
production must be measured to see if the $#% required from the
graph is more (plunger works) or less (plunger predicted not to
work). &n general if this chart predicts that a show plunger is
'( then it probably is! and if it predicts that it may be marginal!
the plunger may still '(. )ote this does not distinguish in what
casing si*e is present. Example: 400 Mscf/D and 50 BPDGLR actual is
400000/50 = 8000 scf/bblDept: 8000!asin" #pe$atin" P$essu$e: %00
psiLine p$essu$e : 50 psiRead f$&m "$ap: 4500 scf/bbl needed
and 8000 actual s& Plun"e$ '&uld (&$)*#lungers in
De-iated ells +,--, degrees no problems. .eyond /, degrees may
still be no problem. 0void build rate of more than - degrees per
hundred feet. Selection of Artificial Lift Systems for Deliquifying
Gas ells #age /A$$lication of Surfactants or operation in the red
*one at the bottom of the plots! surfactants will not work. or
operation below the regular Turner critical and above the dark or
red *ones! then 1urfactants that will foam water only will allow
operation. (rom 2eatherford)'7/8s bel&+: Selection of
Artificial Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells #age
0Surfactants:- More reliable with cap string down tubing or
chemicalsdown backside- 3owever many applications use soap sticks
down the tubing .This can be automated.- This is more reliable if
water only- &nitial cost &s not ine"pensive! but is likely
less than beam pumping.- %educes required critical rate or velocity
by 4+5-6s for foaming water. - This figure is appro"imate and
should be evaluated on case by case basis. Selection of Artificial
Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells #age 12lectrical Su%mersi%le
#um$s 32S#4s5: - Conventional 7186s - use for /99 bpd or more.- or
disposable 7186s may be used at :999-+999 ft and lower cost.-
;isposable 7186s can be less e"pensive than 8C86s for shallow
wells.- ect to electrical transients that may result in downhole
failures.- Cables are sub>ect to light end liquid and gasses!
3+1! failures. - &t is necessary to avoid starts and stops. -
There are new low volume stages from Centrilift and 1chlumberger
4:99 bpd.- Centrilift and 1chlumberger has published low volume
applications even below :99 bpd using= o 3igh temperature motor
trim with the pump set below the perforations.o %ecirculating
systems with the pump below the perforations.o 1hrouds with unit
below perforations when clearances allow.- Centrilift has 718
through tubing installation! but for larger tubing si*es.- 1ee
http=55www.polyflowinc.com5- They have a pretty good case study for
C.M 718 using the fle"ible conduit with 7186s.(informed by #
%owlan! 7chometer) 6elocity Strings- Thermofle"? velocity strings
are lined with ortron? polyphenylene sulfide! which reduces
friction to gas flow! lowers pressure drop! and provides resistance
to acids and hydrocarbons.- They also contain polyaramid fiber
layer with )ylon @ e"truded over it and have smooth surface that
lessens paraffin build-up. &nert products withstand brines!
condensates! and hydrocarbonsA come in : to + -5B in. diaA and
withstand temperatures to +,9C.- Dse )odal 0nalysis. - Calculate
flowing .38 from tubing5properties5rate. - Check to see if the flow
rate is above critical over entire stringESelection of Artificial
Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells #age 7- &s it
intersecting the &8% or flowing above the minimum in the tubing
curveE- &s the end of the velocity string set near
perforationsE - 2ill the beneficial effects of the velocity string
last long enough to be economicalE - ect gasbelow the packer
(1chlumberger6s 8erflift! 2eatherford! and others have system for
this)- $as-lift will not liquid load - Must have a gas supply
available! or a single well compressor.- or larger liquid rates!
designs are similar to those for conventional oil wells.'n;ect
ater:- Must have a disposal *one below for water only.- The
disposal *one must take water without too much in>ection
pressure.- This method must meet the requirements of regulatory
agencies- 7liminates water hauling and disposal charges.Selection
of Artificial Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells #age