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1. AKBAR(1556-1605)0Is regarded as one of the greatest rulers
of India.0 Established the dynasty as an empire0
2. Problems faced by akbar0 As a new ruler he faced two main
problems(out of which one point is common to all new kings) :-0
Internal and external revolts0 Because of his age hemu was plotting
an attack against him.0 He faced many difficulties as no one lived
long enough to consolidate it.0 Had a guardian named bairam khan
who guided him, even after he became the king.
3. BENEFITS OF HIS EARLY LIFE0 He had the support of bairam
khan0 His revenue minister was raja todar mal,sher shahs revenue
minister.He took some tips from him and managed an efficient
revenue system.0 He did not have many people revolting against
him
4. Early life0 Jalaludin muhammedakbar was born in 1542
atamarkot in rajasthan,whenhis father was runnig insearch of
shelter.
5. Evidence to show humayuns andbairam khans friendship
wasdifferent from others0 Bairam khan was the regent when Akbar
became the king.He could have killed akbar and become the king.But
he did not do that.WHY?Because he promised humayun that he will
take care of akbar.This shows that their friendship was different
from others.
6. The second battle of panipat(november 5 1556)0 Causes:-0
Hemu the commander-in-chief of sher shah suri wanted to beome the
king .So he revolted against akbar and taking advantage of his
young age and the fact that he was a new king he attacked him.0
EFFECTS:- Akbar became the king and regained delhi and agra.
7. The hot question-why is thisbattle famous?0it is famous
because-0 It could have been anyones day.0 In the middle of the
battle it was hard to predict who would win
8. 2ND BATTLE OF PANIPAT IN DETAIL0 The throne to which he
suceeded was not a bed of roses.0 Taking advantage of Akbars young
age,hemu the commander in-chief of the afghan ruler Adil Shah
(descendent of sher shah) captured Delhi and Agra.Bairam Khan
marched towards Delhi .The two armies met on the november 5, 1556
at the battle field of Panipat.Both sides incurred loses.The battle
turned in the favour of the mughals when an arrow struck the right
eye of hemu and he became unconscious.There was a panic in his army
and his soldiers began to flee.Hemu was brought captive before
Akbar and execueted .Akbar regained Delhi and Agra.
9. Akbars conquests0 Bairam Khan helped akbar conquer
Punjab,Jaunpur,Ajmer and Gwalio.0 But by 1560 Akbar wished to rule
independently.He therefore .ordered Bairam to leave on a pilgrimage
to Mecca,where he was assasinated on the way by an Afghan.0 In
order to establish himself firmly,Akbar set out to to extend his
empire further.He adopted two methods for this-0 Matrimonial
alliances0 Direct conquest
10. Questions and answers1.Who is the son of humayun?2. Write a
short note on the early life of akbar?3.Briefly describe the causes
and effect of the second battle of panipat? How did it differ from
the first battle of panipat?4.Who was akbars guardian? Did akbar
give him what he deserved?Why/WHY not?5.What were the two methods
adopted by akbar to establish himself firmly? Give examples where
he applies his methods in situations?6.Why did akbar conquer
bengal? Where is bengal located?Name anyother city conquered near
bengal.
11. 0 1. Identify.0 2. Who built it?Where and why did he build
it there?0 3. How was he related to Akbar?
12. 0 1. Identify the ruler.0 2. Who did he fight the first
battle of panipatagainst and why?0 3. What were the causes for his
success in thisbattle?0 4. When was the battle fought?
13. 0 1. Identify the two peoples statue.0 2. Who erected it
and where and when?0 3. Mention any one cultural contribution of
this erected these statues.
14. Identify0 Write a short note on his-0 Conquests0 Intrests0
Early life
15. Questions and answers1.Who is the son of humayun?2. Write a
short note on the early life of akbar?3.Briefly describe the causes
and effect of the second battle of panipat? How did it differ from
the first battle of panipat?4.Who was akbars guardian? Did akbar
give him what he deserved?Why/WHY not?5.What were the two methods
adopted by akbar to establish himself firmly? Give examples where
he applies his methods in situations?6.Why did akbar conquer
bengal? Where is bengal located?Name anyother city conquered near
bengal.
16. By : KUNAL SINGH, KAIVALYA DESAI,AMOGH NAIGAONKAR, TAHER
KAMARI,ADESHWARE GILL OF CLASS 7 C By GROUP 2
17. Rules of this ppt and thequiz :PLEASE do not make any noise
while the ppt is being showed .PLEASE do pay your full attention in
this ppt and dont disturb others.PLEASE do watch the video as it is
very interesting.PLEASE feel free to ask your doubts but please
dont shout , we will answer all your doubts.PLEASE tell us if you
want to answer anyones doubt , we will give everyone a chance.
18. **Akbar decided early in his reign that he should conquer
the threat of Sher Shahs dynasty, and decided to lead an army
against the strongest of the three,Sikandar Shah Suri, in the
Punjab. He left Delhi under the regency of Tardi Baig Khan.
Sikandar Shah Suri presented no major concern for Akbar, and often
withdrew from territory as Akbar approached.
19. The Hindu king Hemu, however, commanding theAfghan forces,
defeated the Mughal Army andcaptured Delhi on 6 October 1556. Akbar
marched on Delhi to reclaim it . Akbarsarmy, led by Bairam Khan,
met the larger forces ofHemu on November 5, 1556 at the Second
Battle ofPanipat, 50 miles (80 km) north of Delhi. The battlewas
going in Hemus favour when an arrow piercedHemus eye, rendering him
unconscious. Theleaderless army soon capitulated and Hemu
wascaptured and executed.
20. Conquests0 The victory also left Akbar with over 1,500 war
elephanta which he used to re-engage Sikandar Shah at the siege of
Choopa. Sikandar, along with several local chieftains who were
assisting him, surrendered and so was spared death. With this, the
whole of Punjab was annexed to the Mughal empire. Before returning
to Agra, Akbar sent a detachment of his army to Jammu, which
defeated the ruler Raja Kapur Chand and captured the kingdom.
Between 1558 and 1560, after moving the capital from Delhi to Agra,
Akbar further expanded the empire by capturing and annexing the
kingdoms of Gwalior, northern Rajputana and Jaunpur.
21. Aftera dispute at court, Akbar dismissed Bairam Khan in the
spring of 1560 and ordered him to leave in Hajj to Mecca. Bairam
left for Mecca, but on his way was goaded by his opponents to
rebel. He was defeated by the Mughal army in the Punjab and forced
to submit. Akbar, however forgave him and gave him the option of
either continuing in his court or resuming his pilgrimage, of which
Bairam chose the latter.
22. Conquests . Around the same time, the Mughal army also
conquered thekingdom of the Gonds, after a fierce battle between
Asaf Khan,the Mughal governor of Allahabad, and Rani Durgavati
queen ofthe Gonds. However after the victory of the Mughals, Asaf
Khanallegedly misappropriated most of the wealth plundered from
thekingdom and later Akbar subsequently ordered him to restoresome
of the wealth, apart from installing Durgavatis son, aconvert to
Islam, as the local administrator of the newlyconquered
region.
23. Conquests0 Over the course of Akbars conquest of Malwa, he
brought most of present-day Rajasthan, Gujarat and Bengal under his
control, but Akbar believed that Chittorgarh Fort was a major
threat to Mughal Empire because it housed Rajputs who were
considered sworn enemies of the Mughals, in the year 1567, Akbar
began to gather his forces who were briefly interrupted during the
Battle of Thanesar, but by autumn Akbar was prepared to mount his
siege.
24. CONQUESTS Chittorgarh Fort was ruled by Udai Singh who
oftengave refuge to the enemies of the MughalEmperor Akbar. Udai
Singhs kingdom was of greatstrategic importance as it lay on the
shortest routefrom Agra to Gujarat and was also considered a key
tocentral Rajasthan. Fearing Akbars impending assaultUdai Singh
retired to the hills, leaving twowarriors Jaimal and Patta in
charge of the fort In October 1567, the Mughal army of
approximately5000 men led by Akbar surrounded and besieged8000
Hindu Rajputs during the Siege of Chittorgarh andwithin a few
months Akbars ranks expanded to over50,000 men. After an arduous
siege Akbar ordered hismen and augmented them to lift baskets of
earth inorder to create a hill in front of the fort by which
theMughal Cannons could be placed.
25. CONQUESTS The total loot that fell into the hands of the
Mughal wasdistributed throughout the Mughal Empire. Akbar
thenordered the statues of two of the "armored elephants"that led
the Mughal assault be carved and erected at thechief gate of the
Agra Fort. Akbar then built similarspiked-gates throughout his
fortresses in order to deterelephant attacks. It is said that the
brass candlestickstaken from the Kalika temple after its
destruction weregiven to the shrine of Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer,
ashrine that Akbar vowed to rebuild after his victory. Akbarthen
celebrated the victory overChittor and Ranthambore by laying the
foundation of anew city, 23 miles (37 km) W.S.W of Agra in 1569. It
wascalled Fatehpur Sikri ("city of victory").
26. Campaign against rajputstates Followed policy of either
allying chiefs by givingthem high posts or through battles. For
instance, he married Jodha Bai, eldestdaughter of Raja of Amber so
that he acceptedAkbars suzerainty.
27. ConquestsPunjab, Jaunpur, Ajmer, Gwaliorconquered by Bairam
Khan,Adham Khan (foster brother of Akbar)defeats Baz Bahadur ,
ruler of Malwa.
28. Conquests Gondwana (1564) annexed intoMughal Empire by
Akbar.
29. Campaign against rajput states Followed policy of either
allyingchiefs by giving them high postsor through battles. For
instance, he married JodhaBai, eldest daughter of Raja ofAmber so
that he acceptedAkbars suzerainty.
30. Campaign against Rajput states Other Rajput chiefs
gradually accepted Akbars suzerainty. However, some chiefs refused
such as Rana Pratap of Mewar were defeated by Akbar, but retained
freedom after some time.
31. Akbar turned attention to Bengal and annexed it in AD
1574-1576. Captured in Kashmir in AD 1586, Kabul and Kandahar in AD
1587 and Sind in AD 1590Other conquests
32. Deccan Campaign After consolidating his empire, he
sentofficials to persuade the rulers of : Ahmadnagar Bijapur
Golconda To accept him as their suzerain. Defeated Chand Bibi Queen
ofAhmadnagar and killed by her own noble.
33. AD 1596 : Berar annexed. AD 1601 : Khandesh annexed.
34. BY: VAIBHAV JOSHI,ROHANALLEN, RITVIK JAIN & NIVIN By
GROUP 3
35. AKBARS ADMINISTRATION :The administrative machinery of the
Mughuls, which functioned throughout the Mughuls rule, was
introduced by Akbar and that is why, by Mughul Administration, we
mean Akbars Administration. Akbar was not only a brave soldier, a
successful leader and a great religious reformer but also a great
administrator. He introduced various reforms in all the branches of
the administration, whether central, provincial, revenue, military
or judicial.His administration was so good that the whole
36. CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION :Akbar was the overall in-charge of
the central government. All the executive, judicial and legislative
powers of the state were combined in him. There were no limitations
on his despotism and his word was law. But Akbar had always the
welfare of his people in his mind and so his was a benevolent
despotism. He himself supervised all the branches of his
administration and worked hard to discharge his manifold duties. He
would hold an open court, listen to the complaints of his subjects
and try to pacify
37. Akbar was, however, assisted by a number of ministers in
theadministration. Among others, the most importantministers were
the Vakil, who maintained a generalcontrol over all the central
departments and acted as thechief adviser of the King; Diwan, who
was in-charge offinance and revenue; Mir Bakshi, who maintained
therecords of all the Mansabdars and distributed pay amongthe high
officials; Sadar-i-Sadur, who acted as a religiousadviser to the
king, disbursed royal charity and dischargedthe function of the
Chief Justice of the empire. Besidethese four ministers, there were
other ministers of lowerrank- Khan-i-Saman, who was in-charge of
the royalhousehold; Muhtasib, who saw that the people (Muslims)led
a highly moral life according to the Muslim law;and Daroga-i-Dak
Chowki, an officer who was in-charge ofthe postal and intelligence
department.Refer pg 58
38. PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION:Akbar divided his vast empire
into fifteen (15) Subas or provinces.In each suba or province there
was a Subedar, a Diwan, aBakshi, aSadar, a Qazi, a Kotwal, a Mir
Bahr and Waqa-i-Nawis.The Subedar or Governor was the head of the
provincialadministration. He enjoyed vast powers and was in-charge
ofthe provincial military, police, judiciary and the executive.
The(provincial) Diwan was in-charge of the provincial finance
andall bills of payments were signed by him. The Bakshi lookedafter
the management of the provincial army. The Sadar was in-charge of
the judicial charity department. The Qazi was in-charge of the
judicial department of his province. He supervisedthe work of Qazis
in the districts and towns. The Kotwal was thesupreme administrator
of all the thanas of the province andwas responsible for the
maintenance of law and order in all thecities. The Mir Bahr was
in-charge of customs and taxationdepartment. The Waqa-i-Nawis was
in-charge of the secret
39. The provinces were further divided into Sarkars and Sarkars
into Parganas. The head of the Sarkar was Faujdar who kept his own
small force and maintained law and order in his area. He was
assisted by a number of other officials who collected the revenue,
maintained the accounts and deposited the money into the state
treasury. The head of the Parganas was called Shikdar whose
functions were the same as those of the Faujdar in a Sarkar. Each
Pargana comprised several villages. Each village was under the
charge of a Muqaddam, a Patwari and a Chowkidar who carried on the
work of
40. MILITARY :Akbar paid much attention towards the
organization, equipment and discipline of the army. For efficient
military administration he introduced a new system known as the
Mansabdari System. The Mansabdars had to maintain soldiers
according to his grade or rank. There were thirty three grades of
these Mansabdars who maintained soldiers ranging from 10 to 10,000.
They were paid salaries in cash and the system of assignments of
lands was discouraged. They were directly under the charge of the
emperor and were promoted, degrade or dismissed at his will. He
also revived the practice of taking the descriptive rolls of the
soldiers and branding the horses.
41. A large number of troops were, no doubt, supplied by these
Mansabdars but Akbar had maintained a standing army of his own. The
Mughal army consisted of infantry, cavalry, artillery, elephants,
and navy. The cavalry was the most important wing of the army and
special attention was paid towards its organization and
equipment.He had a sharp vigilance and great discipline.
42. AKBAR(TRADE AND ECONOMY )BY ADITYA.M
,SHASHANK.S,SAURAV.R,PALASH.D GROUP 4
43. LAND REVENUE SYSTEMIt goes without saying that Sher Shah
Suri was theforerunner of Akbar in the field of land revenue
system.Sher Shah laid down the main principles which werefollowed
later on in the time of Akbar. Sher Shah had fixedthe state demand
at one-third of the produce and maderegulations for the equitable
collection of land revenue.Sher Shahs system was adopted by Akbar
with thenecessary alterations. Sher Shahs regime was too short
tostabilize the system. Akbars long region gave him
ampleopportunity to plan out, develop and perfect his system.
44. DIVISION OF LANDS Land was divided into 4 classes. Polaj
landwas that land which was regularly cultivatedand yielded revenue
from year to year. Parautiland was that land which was occasionally
leftuncultivated so that it may regain itsproductive capacity
during the interval.Chachhar land was that land which was
leftuncultivated for 3 or 4 years. Banjar land wasthat land which
was left uncultivated for,, 5 ormore years
45. TRADE Trade was another source of revenue.The goods which
were traded were textiles,saltpetre, spices, indigo and cotton.
Akbarencouraged both inland and overseas trade.He constructed roads
and maintained themto encourage inland and overseas trade.India
traded with China, Central Asia andEurope.
46. AKBARS COINAkbar issued gold, silver as well as copper
coins. His coins were similar tothose of the Sher Shah Suris
coinage and it adapted their weight, fabric andthe Islamic motifs.
The gold coins which were issued during Akbars reign werecommonly
known as Gold Mohurs. Copper coins were known as dam andforty such
dams was equal to one rupee in value. Nine such rupees wereequal to
one gold mohur. Later on in 988 A.H. the heavy weight coins
becamerare and light weight coins were given more importance. It is
only after thisperiod that the fractional coins came into
existence. Though there were quite avariety of fractions
introduced, but they are rare to be found now. Akbars coins were
mostly round in shape. However, in between the year993 to 998 A.H.,
square shaped gold and silver coins were issued. Hence, bothsquare
and round shaped coins came into existence. In 998 A.H. the
squareshaped coins were abandoned and after this period only round
shaped coinswere minted. To commemorate some event, Akbar had
issued a fewcommemorative gold coins in hexagonal shape. However,
these coins areextremely rare to be found now.
47. BY GROUP 5JOSHUA ,KENRICK, PARV,
DAIVIKCulturalContributions.
48. An Introduction..Akbar was born when his father was
inexile, Thus he did not receive anyformal education, So his
fatherappointed Bairam Khan as his tutor.From him, Akbar rose to
become anexcellent rider, a fearless soldier,Benevolent ruler and
of course a wiseadministrator.
49. Akbar, With addition to religiouslearning, he wanted his
people toexcel in mathematics, agriculture,history, logic and
astronomy.He also held frequent discussions withReligious thinkers,
scholars andwriters. Who were highlydistinguished in their
respectivefields.
50. Some Important People in AkbarsCourt.Abdul Fazl Wrote the
Akbarnama, which is anbiography of Akbars life, and Ain
-i-Akbari,which deals with the law and revenue systemof the
empire.Faizi was a poet who translated theRamayana and Mahabharata
into Persian.The Bhagvad Gita, the bible and other famousworks were
translated into Persian, so thenormal man could read these .
51. Some Important People in AkbarsCourt. Todar Mal excelled as
a revenue minister. Bhagwan Das Brother of Jodha Bai (Akbars
Wife)and Man Singh were excellent generals. Birbals witticism has
now become a major partof the Indian Folklore. Tansen , The
Greatest singer of the period,enriched the Hindustani classical
music withcompositions of new ragas in honour of Akbarsempire.
Humam (a Physician) , Mulla Do Piaza, ShaikhMubarak, Surdas,
Tuslidas and Mira Bai alongwith others received royal
patronage
52. Word Meanings. Exile- anyone separated from his or her
country or homevoluntarily or by force of circumstances.
Benevolent-desiring to help others; charitable Witticism- a witty
remark or sentence. Folklore-the traditional beliefs, legends,
customs, etc., of a people;lore of a people.
53. Hope You Paid Attention To ThePresentation, Cause we are
goingto have a
54. Rules No Shouting out answers, Raise your hand to answer.
DoNot Do Like This- Each Correct Direct Answer Worth 10Points, each
pass question worth 5points.Best Of Luck And May the best Team
Win.
55. 1. Under What Circumstance Did Akbar Not Receive Formal
Education?2. Whom did his father appoint as a tutor and guardian?3.
What did Akbar Excel in?4. What else did Akbar want his people to
excel in?5. Name the person who wrote the Akbarnama and what is it
about?6. Who translated the Ramayana and Mahabharata into Persian.
?7. Name the people who received royal patronage?8. Who was the
greatest singer in Akbars time?9. Name the wife of Akbar and also
her brother?10. Give the Meaning of Folklore.
56. BY GROUP 6TO PAINTING AND ARCHITECTURE
57. Art of painting was established Royal Karkhanas were
established Artists from the empire could gather to work Local
styles were blended with Persian styles. They depicted hunting
scenes and court scenes usingbright blue and red. It was also used
for book illustrations Two painters in fame were Jaswant and
Basawan
58. Most outstanding contribution New capital, FatehpurSikri 36
km from Agra. Agra was the birth place of Sufi Saint Salim Chisti.
It has several fine buildings, such as Panch Mahal, JodhaBais
Palace, Diwan i Khas, Jama Masjid, Ibadatkhana and Buland darwaza
celebrate victory overGujarat. Most interesting building octagonal
Diwan i Khas, thehall of private audience. Fatehpur Sikri was
abandoned due to unavailability ofwater. Akbar preferred red
sandstone to marble.
59. The last days of Akbar were full of grief, because:A) His
sons Murad and Danyal diedB) Salim his only surviving son had
revolted against himC) Abul Fazl also died in thisD) Salim was
proclaimed his successor He died in A.D. 1605
60. Mansab rank given to officials especially in the army
oradministration Jaziya a tax which the non muslims had to pay in
amuslim country Connoiseur expert
61. QUESTIONS ALLOTED FOR EACH TEAM. DISCUSSION WILL BE ALLOWED
10 POINTS FOR RIGHT ANSWER 5 POINTS FOR PASS QUESTION 15 SECONDS
FOR DISCUSSION 20 POINTS FOR OPEN QUESTION 10 POINTS FOR HALF
ANSWERED (OPENQUESTION) -5 FOR ANOTHER TEAM IF PERSON FROMTHAT TEAM
SHOUTS OUT ANSWER SELECT A TEAMMATE TO ANSWER
62. What was encouraged in Akbarsempire? What else
wasestablished?A. Painting was encouragedand royal Karkhanas
wereestablished.
63. State the two styles whichblended with each other?A. The
local styles blended withthe Persian styles
64. Name the scenes depicted onthe paintings of the court?A.
The paintings depictedscenes of hunting and scenes ofthe
court.
65. What did Akbar vow if a sonwas born to him?A. He vowed that
he wouldtravel 228 miles on foot fromAgra to the tomb of
MoinuddinChisti in Ajmer He fulfilled hispromise on Jahangirs
birth.
66. Name the tomb and the mostinteresting building of
thecapital?A.The tomb Moinuddin Salim Chisti The building Diwan i
khas
67. Name the new capital and theextent from Delhis capital?A.
Fatehpur Sikri 36 km fromAgra
68. 1. Why were the last days ofAkbar full of grief? 2. What
did Abul Fazl state in theAkbarnama? - In Brief3. Why was Fatehpur
Sikri chosenas the capital and name somefine buildings?
69. T H A N K YO U F O R WAT C H I N G C L A S S7 C S P P T O N
A K BA R THIS PPT WAS COMPILED BY TAHER KAMARI,ADESHWERE GILL AND
AMOGH NAIGAONKAR OF CLASS7C .