1 S. K. Ghosh Associates Inc. www.skghoshassociates.com -1- CHANGES in AISC’s SEISMIC PROVISIONS: AISC 341-05 to AISC 341-10 Formerly with S. K. Ghosh Associates Inc. Palatine, IL and Aliso Viejo, CA www.skghoshassociates.com Jason Ericksen, S.E. FORSE Consulting, LLC -2- AISC Seismic Provisions AISC Seismic Provisions provide System Ductility
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S. K. Ghosh Associates Inc.
www.skghoshassociates.com
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CHANGES in AISC’s SEISMIC PROVISIONS:
AISC 341-05 to AISC 341-10
Formerly with
S. K. Ghosh Associates Inc.
Palatine, IL and Aliso Viejo, CA
www.skghoshassociates.com
Jason Ericksen, S.E.
FORSE Consulting, LLC
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AISC Seismic Provisions
AISC Seismic Provisions provide System Ductility
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System Ductility
“System Ductility” is the ability of system to maintain stability after yielding/overload of some elements
Ductility
V
• Ability of yielding/overloaded elements to deform
• Ability of non-yielding elements to withstand forces redistributed by yielding
• Ability of non-yielding elements to withstand deformations caused by yielding
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Seismic Provisions Measures
For each Seismic Force Resisting System
Identify target yield mechanism of the system
Designate deformation-controlled elements
Design remaining elements as force-controlled
Protect critical locations
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Seismic Provisions Measures
Identify target yield mechanism of the system
Flexural Yield
Tension yield and compression buckling
Shear Yield
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Stable yield
Seismic Provisions Measures
Designate deformation-controlled elements
• Design for element ductility
M
θ
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Design remaining elements as force-controlled
• Design to keep members essentially elastic at capacity of ductile elements
Resist redistributed forces
Seismic Provisions Measures
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Accommodatedeformations
Seismic Provisions Measures
Design remaining elements as force-controlled
• Design for deformations caused by yielding
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Protected Zones
Seismic Provisions Measures
Amplify forces
Demand Critical Welds
Protect critical locations
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Key Points
Reorganized chapters for consistency with AISC 360
2: Referenced Specifications, Codes, and Standards
3: General Seismic Design
4: Loads, Load Combinations, Nominal Strengths
5: Structural Drawings and Specifications, Shop Drawings, and Erection Drawings
6: Materials
7: Connections, Joints, and Fasteners
8: Members
9-17: Structural Systems
18: Quality Assurance Plan (Appendix Q)
Appendices P, R, S, T, W, X
Part II: Composite Systems
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AISC 341-10 Organization
A. General Requirements
B. General Design Requirements
C. Analysis
D. General Member and Connection Design Requirements
E. Moment-Frame Systems
F. Braced-Frame and Shear-Wall Systems
G. Composite Moment-Frame Systems
H. Composite Braced-Frame and Shear-Wall Systems
I. Fabrication and Erection
J. Quality Control and Quality Assurance
K. Prequalification and Cyclic Qualification Testing Provisions
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Chapter Reorganization
Preface to AISC 341-10
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AISC 341-05 - Part I
1. Scope
2. Referenced Specifications, Codes, and Standards
AISC 341-10
A. General Requirements
B. General Design Requirements3. General Seismic Design
4. Loads, Load Combinations, Nominal Strengths
A. General Requirements
I. Fabrication and Erection
5. Structural Drawings and Specifications, Shop Drawings, and Erection Drawings
6. Materials
Chapter Reorganization
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AISC 341-05 - Part I
7. Connections, Joints, and Fasteners
AISC 341-10
D. General Member and Connection Design Requirements
I. Fabrication and Erection
8. Members D. General Member and Connection Design Requirements
7.3b. Demand Critical Welds A. General Requirements
A3.4b. AWS D1.8
Chapter Reorganization
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AISC 341-05 - Part I AISC 341-10
9. Special Moment Frames
10. Intermediate Moment Frames
11. Ordinary Moment Frames
12. Special Truss Moment Frames
E. Moment-Frame Systems
E3. Special Moment Frames
E2. Intermediate Moment Frames
E1. Ordinary Moment Frames
E4. Special Truss Moment Frames
E5. Ordinary Cantilever Column Systems
E6. Special Cantilever Column Systems
Chapter Reorganization
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AISC 341-05 - Part I
13. Special Concentrically Braced Frames
14. Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frames
15. Eccentrically Braced Frames
16. Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames
17. Special Plate Shear Walls
AISC 341-10
F. Braced-Frame and Shear-Wall Systems
F2. Special Concentrically Braced Frames
F1. Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frames
F3. Eccentrically Braced Frames
F4. Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames
F5. Special Plate Shear Walls
Chapter Reorganization
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Structural System Chapters: E - H
Consistent organization of system requirements
1. Scope
2. Basis of Design
Intended response/inelasticity
3. Analysis
4. System Requirements
Stability Bracing
Moment Ratio for SMF
Special Configurations (V- or Inverted V-Bracing)
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Structural System Chapters: E - H
Consistent organization of system requirements
5. Member Requirements
Width-to-thickness limitations
Protected Zone
6. Connections
Demand Critical welds
Column Splices
Required Connection Strengths
7. Additional requirements
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AISC 341-05 - Part I
18: Quality Assurance Plan (Appendix Q)
AISC 341-10
J. Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Appendix P: Connection Prequalification
Appendix S: Qualifying Cyclic Tests of Beam-to-Column and Link-to-Column Connections
Appendix T: Qualifying Cyclic Tests of BRBF Braces
K. Prequalification and Cyclic Qualification Testing Provisions
Chapter Reorganization
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J. Quality Control and Quality Assurance
No significant change within AISC 341
2012 IBC: Special Inspection
• 1705.2.1 Structural steel.
• Special inspection provisions for structural steel are now by reference to AISC 360-10 (see Chapter N)
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Appendix X: Weld Metal/Welding Procedure Specification Notch Toughness Verification Test
AISC 341-05 - Part I
Appendix W: Welding Provisions
AISC 341-10
A. General Requirements
A4.4a. AWS D1.8
I. Fabrication and Erection
Appendix R. Seismic Design Coefficients and Approximate Period Parameters
A. General Requirements
A4.4a. AWS D1.8
REMOVED
Chapter Reorganization
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Seismic Provisions 341-05 Part II:
1: Scope
2: Referenced Specifications, Codes, and Standards
3: General Seismic Design
4: Loads, Load Combinations, Nominal Strengths
5: Materials
6: Composite Members
7: Composite Connections
8-17: Structural Systems
18:Structural Design Drawings and Specifications, Shop Drawings, and Erection Drawings
19: Quality Assurance Plan
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AISC 341-05 - Part II
1. Scope
2. Referenced Specifications, Codes, and Standards
AISC 341-10
A. General Requirements
B. General Design Requirements3. General Seismic Design
4. Loads, Load Combinations, Nominal Strengths
D. General Member and Connection Design Requirements
5. Materials
6. Composite Members
7. Composite Connections
A. General Requirements
Chapter Reorganization
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G. Composite Moment-Frame Systems
G4. Composite Partially Restrained Moment Frames
G3. Composite Special Moment Frames
G2. Composite Intermediate Moment Frames
G1. Composite Ordinary Moment Frames
AISC 341-05 - Part II
8. Composite Partially Restrained Moment Frames
9. Composite Special Moment Frames
10. Composite Intermediate Moment Frames
11. Composite Ordinary Moment Frames
AISC 341-10
Chapter Reorganization
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H. Composite Braced-Frame and Shear Wall Systems
H2. Composite Special Concentrically Braced Frames
H1. Composite Ordinary Braced Frames
H3. Composite Eccentrically Braced Frames
AISC 341-05 - Part II
12. Composite Special Concentrically Braced Frames
13. Composite Ordinary Braced Frames
14. Composite Eccentrically Braced Frames
AISC 341-10
Chapter Reorganization
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H. Composite Braced-Frame and Shear Wall Systems
H4. Composite Partially Restrained Moment Frames
H5. Composite Special Moment Frames
H6. Composite Intermediate Moment Frames
AISC 341-05 - Part II
15. Ordinary Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Composite with Structural Steel Elements
16. Special Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Composite with Structural Steel Elements
17. Composite Steel Plate Shear Walls
AISC 341-10
Chapter Reorganization
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AISC 341-05 - Part II
18. Structural Design Drawings and Specifications, Shop Drawings, and Erection Drawings
AISC 341-10
A. General Requirements
I. Fabrication and Erection
19. Quality Assurance Plan J. Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Chapter Reorganization
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ROADMAP
Chapter Reorganization
General
• Chapters A, B, and C
Members
Connections
Moment Frames
Braced Frames
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A. General Requirements
A1. Scope
• “These Provisions shall apply… unless specifically exempted by the applicable building code.”
AISC 341-05;
• R >3, “Provisions shall apply… regardless of seismic design category”
• R ≤ 3, “not required to satisfy these Provisions, unless specifically required by the applicable building code.”
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Including Supplement No. 1
A.1 ScopeApplicable Building Code
AISC 341-05
Including Supplement No. 1
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Including Supplement No. 1
A.1 ScopeApplicable Building Code
AISC 341-05
Including Supplements No. 1 and No. 2
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A.1 ScopeApplicable Building Code
Loads and load combinations
Systems and limitations
Design requirements
Requirements for steel design codes
AISC 360-10 AISC 341-10
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ASCE 7-10 Table 12.2-1
AISC 341 NOT required
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A3.4b Demand Critical Welds
A. General RequirementsA3.4. Consumables for Welding
• Special CVN requirements for enhanced ductility
• Adjacent to locations of high strain
System chapters
AISC 358
EOR discretion
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A. General RequirementsA3.4b Demand Critical Welds
Demand Critical Weld Requirements
System
Column Beam Flange
to Column
Flange
Beam Web/Shear
Plate to Column
FlangeBases Splices
OMF (E1.6a.) ---- ---- CJP CJP
IMF (E2.6a.) All Types Groove CJP CJP
SMF (E3.6a.) All Types Groove CJP CJP
STMF (E4.6a.) All Types Groove ---- ----
OCCS (E5.6a.) ---- ---- ---- ----
SCCS (E6.6a.) All Types Groove ---- ----
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A. General RequirementsA3.4b Demand Critical Welds
Demand Critical Weld Requirements
SystemColumn Link Flange or
Web to Column
Built-up Link:
Web to FlangeBases Splices
OCBF (F1) ---- ---- ---- ----
SCBF (F2.6a.) All Types Groove ---- ----
EBF (F3.6a.) All Types Groove All Types All Types
BRBF (F4.6a.) All Types Groove ---- ----
SPSW (F5.6a.) All Types Groove ---- ----
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A3.4b Demand Critical Welds at Column Base
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B. General Design Requirements
B2. Loads and Load Combinations
• Where “Amplified Seismic Loads” are required for specific members or connections
The seismic load effect including the system overstrength factor shall be applied as prescribed by the applicable building code.
Where Emh is defined, intended to replace Emh in ASCE 7 Section 12.4.3.
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B. General Design Requirements
B2. Load and Load Combinations
12.4.3 Seismic Load Combinations Including Overstrength FactorEm = Emh + Ev
= 0QE ± 0.2SDSD
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B. General Design Requirements
B2. Load and Load Combinations (with Amplified Seismic Loads)
AISC 341-10 Provisions
Emh in ASCE 7 Section 12.4.3
Requires “Amplified Seismic Load”
0QE
Defines EDefines Emh
Capacity Analysis
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B. General Design Requirements
AISC 341-05:
• Defines E (neglects vertical effect)
• E = Em = Emh + 0
AISC 341-10:
• Defines Emh
• Em = Emh + Ev = Emh + 0.2SDSD
B2. Load and Load Combinations (with Amplified Seismic Loads)
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C. Analysis
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C. Analysis
• C1. General Requirements:
Analysis shall conform to the applicable building code
Elastic analysis of composite systems shall consider cracked sections
• C2. Additional Requirements:
Additional analysis as required for each structural system shall be performed
• C3. Nonlinear Analysis:
When used, nonlinear analysis shall conform to Chapter 16 of ASCE 7
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BREAK!
If you are encountering technical difficulties, please call (847) 991-2700
If you have any questions, please type them in
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Question and Answer Session
If you are encountering technical difficulties, please call (847) 991-2700
If you have any questions, please type them in
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ROADMAP
History and Ductility
Chapter Reorganization
General
Members
• D1. General Member Requirements
Connections
Moment Frames
Braced FramesCourtesy of S. MahinU.C. Berkeley, 2004
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D1. General Member Requirements
D1.1 Classifications of Sections for Ductility
• D1.1b Width-to-Thickness Limitations
Highly Ductile
Moderately Ductile
• D1.2 Stability Bracing of Beams
Highly Ductile
Moderately Ductile
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D1. General Member Requirements
D1.1b Width-to-Thickness Limitations
• Highly Ductile
replaces Seismically Compact (AISC 341-05)
• Moderately Ductile
replaces Compact (AISC 360-05)
Courtesy of S. MahinU.C. Berkeley, 2004
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AISC 341-05: Seismically Compact
Footnotes indicated to which members and structural systems each row applies
Type of member
force
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AISC 341-05: Compact
Type of member
force
AISC 360-05Compact Limits
Compact does not apply for Uniform Compression
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D1.1b Width-to-Thickness Limitations
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D1.1b Width-to-Thickness Limitations
D1.1b Width-to-Thickness Limitations
• Limits are based on:
Element type (flange, web, etc.)
Section type (I-shaped, HSS, etc)
Type of member force (flexure, uniform compression)
Member type (beam, column, brace)
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D1.1b Width-to-Thickness Limitations: Table D1.1
Type of member
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D1.1b Width-to-Thickness Limitations
Member ductility classificationSystem Beam Column Brace Link
OMF (E1) --- --- --- ---
IMF (E2.5a) Moderately Moderately --- ---
SMF (E3.5a) Highly Highly --- ---
OCBF (F1.5a) --- ---SeismicallyCompact
Moderately---
SCBF (F2.5a) Moderately Highly Highly ---
EBF (F3.5a) Moderately Highly Moderately Highly
BRBF (F4.5a) Highly Highly --- ---
SPSW (F5.5a) Highly Highly --- ---
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Beams and columns: b/t limit comparison
*Includes flanges of built-up I-shapes, channels and tees; legs of single angles or double angles with separators; outstanding legs in pairs of angles in continuous contact
*Includes flanges of built-up I-shapes, channels and tees; legs of single angles or double angles with separators; outstanding legs in pairs of angles in continuous contact
**Includes webs of channels and built-up I-shapes
***Includes walls built-up box sections and side plates of boxed I-shaped sections
Table indicates factor on √(E/Fy)
ElementAISC 341-05
Seismically CompactAISC 341-10
Highly Ductile
Flanges of I-Shapes* 0.30 0.30
Webs of I-Shapes**
Ca ≤ 0.1253.14(1-1.54Ca) 1.49
Ca > 0.1251.12(2.33-Ca) ≥ 1.49
Rect. HSS Walls*** 0.64 0.55
Rnd. HSS Walls 0.044 0.038
Stems of tees 0.30 0.30
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D1.1b Width-to-Thickness Limitations: SCBF Braces
Fy = 50 ksi
Ca = Pu/(cPy) (LRFD)Ca = (cPa)/Py (ASD)
Webs of I-Shaped Braces: Highly Ductile
hd/√
(E/F
y)
3.14
2.50
1.49
2010: Highly Ductile
2005: Seismically Compact
0.125 1.0
W10X17 = 1.53
W12X45 = 1.21
(b/t)
√(E/Fy) =
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Beams and columns: b/t ratio limit comparison
*Includes flanges of built-up I-shapes, channels and tees; legs of single angles or double angles with separators; outstanding legs in pairs of angles in continuous contact
*Includes flanges of built-up I-shapes, channels and tees; legs of single angles or double angles with separators; outstanding legs in pairs of angles in continuous contact
**Includes webs of channels and built-up I-shapes
***Includes walls built-up box sections and side plates of boxed I-shaped sections
Table indicates factor on √(E/Fy)
ElementAISC 360-05“Compact”
AISC 341-10Moderately Ductile
Flanges of I-Shapes*0.38 (Flexure)
0.56 (Compression)0.38
Webs of I-Shapes**1.49 (Compression)
3.76 (Flexure)1.49
Rect. HSS Walls*** 1.12 0.64
Rnd. HSS Walls0.07 (Flexure)
0.11 (Compression)0.044
Stems of tees 0.75 0.38
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D1.1b Width-to-Thickness Limitations: OCBF Braces
OCBF braces: b/t ratio limit comparison:
*Includes flanges of built-up I-shapes, channels and tees; legs of single angles or double angles with separators; outstanding legs in pairs of angles in continuous contact
Webs of I-Shaped Braces: OCBF – Moderately Ductile h
d/√
(E/F
y)
3.14
2.50
1.49
2010: Moderately Ductile
2005: Seismically Compact
0.125 1.0
W12X26 = 1.96
W12X35 = 1.48
(b/t)
√(E/Fy) =
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D1. General Member Requirements
D1.2 Stability Bracing of Beams
• Maximum unbraced length for Highly Ductile and Moderately Ductile beams
• Strength and stiffness of braces per Appendix 6 of AISC 360
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D1.2 Stability Bracing of Beams
Maximum unbraced length of beams
*Beams in V or Inverted-V systems only
Member AISC 341-05, Lb AISC 341-10, Lb
SMF Beams (E2.4a) 0.086ry(E/Fy)Highly Ductile
0.086ry(E/Fy)
IMF Beams (E3.4b)
SPSW HBE (F5.4c)0.17ry(E/Fy)
Moderately Ductile
0.17ry(E/Fy)
SCBF Beams* (F2.4b)
BRBF Beams* (F4.4a)[0.12+0.076(M1/M2)](E/Fy)ry
Moderately Ductile
0.17ry(E/Fy)
OCBF Beams* (F1) [0.12+0.076(M1/M2)](E/Fy)ry NONE
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D1.2 Stability Bracing of Beams
Beams in V- or Inverted V-Braced Frames
M1/M2
L b/[(
E/F
y)r y
]
AISC 341-05 (Appendix 1 of AISC 360-05)Lb = [0.12+0.076(M1/M2)](E/Fy)ry
AISC 341-10: Moderately DuctileLb = 0.17(E/Fy)ry
0.196
0.120
0.044
-1.0 1.000
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D1.4 Columns
All SFRS columns now are required to use amplified seismic load combinations to determine Pr in the absence of moments
AISC 341-05LRFD
Pu/cPn > 0.4
ASDcPa/Pn > 0.4
Amplified Seismic Load Combinations
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ROADMAP
History and Ductility
Chapter Reorganization
General
Members
Connections
• D2. General Connection Requirements
Moment Frames
Braced Frames
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D2.1 Connections
AISC 341-05: Connections
7.1 Scope
The design of connections for a member that is part of the SLRS shall be configured such that a ductile limit state in either the connection or the member controls the design.
The requirement was removed because it was deemed too onerous because the required strengths are capacity controlled.
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D2.5. Column Splices: SFRS
Seismic Force Resisting Column Splices:
• Increased required strength
• More restrictions on partial joint penetration groove welds (PJP)
• “Push” towards complete joint penetration groove welds (CJP)
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D2.5. Column Splices: SFRS
D2.5b. Required Strength: largest of
• Required strength of the column (Mr_col, Vr_col, Pr_col)
• Effect of amplified seismic loads (Mr_Em, Vr_Em, Pr_Em)
• Structural system requirements
• Special requirements for columns in net tension determined using load combinations including overstrength
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D2.5. Column Splices: SFRS
D2.5c. Required Shear Strength: greater of
• Required strength from D2.5.b
• Mpc/H (LRFD) or Mpc/(1.5H) (ASD)
Where;
Mpc = Lesser nominal plastic flexural strength
H = story height
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SFRS Column Splices: Table Definitions
Mr_col, Vr_col, Pr_col = required strengths of the column
Mr_Em, Vr_Em, Pr_Em = required strengths of the column from of seismic load combinations including overstrength
• SCBF: A500 Gr B; Fy = 46 ksi; Ry = 1.4; KL = 19 ft
• 0 = 2 for SCBF
Brace KL/r cPn RyFyAg (RyFyAg)/cPn
HSS8x8x5/8 76.3 459 kips 1056 kips 2.30
HSS6x6x1/2 102 200 kips 627 kips 3.14
HSS4x4x5/16 163 39.6 kips 264 kips 6.66
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D2.6 Column Bases: SFRSRequired Shear Strength
D2.6b Required shear strength: Sum of horizontal components:
• Braces: required connection strength
• Columns: greater of
Shear load from 0E combinations
2RyFyZx/H (LRFD) (2/1.5)RyFyZx/H (ASD)
Required shear strength of column splices
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D2.6 Column Bases: SFRSRequired Shear Strength
Column Component - LRFD
System
AISC 341-05 (8.5b) AISC 341-10
Lesser of2RyFyZx/H and 0E
Largest of Vr_col,0E,
Mpc/H, and
OMF (E1), OCBF (F1) ---- ----
IMF (E2.6g), SMF (E3.6g),
STMF (E4.6c)---- ΣMpc/H
SCBF (F2.6d), EBF (F3.6d),
BRBF (F4.6d), SPSW (F5.6d)---- ΣMpc/Hc
ΣMpc/Hc = 2Mpc/Hc = 2FyZx/Hc ≤ 2RyFyZx/H
2Mpc/Hc ≥ 0E
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D2.6 Column Bases: SFRSRequired Shear Strength
T = RyFyAg
Largest ofVr_col, 0EMpc/Hc
Shear: SCBF - LRFD
Vr = Σ horizontal components
C = 1.1*Min RyFyAg
1.14FcreAg
Required connection strength in compression, Section F2.6c(1)
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D2.6 Column Bases: SFRSRequired Shear Strength
Column Component - ASD
System
AISC 341-05 (8.5b) AISC 341-10
Lesser of(2/1.5)RyFyZx/H, 0E
Largest of Vr_col,0E,
Mpc/(1.5H)
OMF (E1), OCBF (F1) ---- ----
IMF (E2.6g), SMF (E3.6g),
STMF (E4.6c)---- ΣMpc/(1.5H)
SCBF (F2.6d), EBF (F3.6d),
BRBF (F4.6d), SPSW (F5.6d)---- ΣMpc/(1.5Hc)
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D2.6 Column Bases: SFRSRequired Flexural Strength
D2.6c Required Flexural Strength: Sum of flexural components:
• Braces: required connection strength
Based on critical buckling axis
Rotation capacity may be provided in place of flexural strength
• Columns: lesser of
1.1RyFyZ (LRFD) or (1.1/1.5) RyFyZ (ASD)
Moment from 0E combinations
• User Note: Ignore moments for pinned bases
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D2.6 Column Bases:Columns Not Part of SFRS
D2.6b Required Shear Strength: Non-SFRS Columns:
• Required shear strength of column splices
Mpc/H (LRFD) or Mpc/(1.5H) (ASD)
Vr
Mpc
Vr
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D2.6 Column Bases: Anchorage
AISC 360 and 341
ACI 318 Appendix D
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D2.6 Column Bases: Anchorage
AISC 341-10 Section D2.6
• Exception: “The special requirements in ACI 318, Appendix D for regions of moderate or high seismic risk, or for structures assigned to intermediate or high seismic performance or design categories need not apply”.
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*ACI 318-11 no longer applies a 0.75 factor on shear strength
AISC 341 and ACI 318 Appendix D.
Design for AISC 341 Required Strengths
Codes and
Standards
0.75 Strength Factor
(0.75Nn)
Ductility Requirements
Appendix D.
AISC 341-05
2006 IBC: ACI 318-05
2009 IBC: ACI 318-08
D.3.3.3Exempted
D.3.3.4Exempted
AISC 341-10
2012 IBC: ACI 318-11
D.3.3.4.4 – Tension*:
Applied to concrete
failure modes
D.3.3.4.3 - Tension:
Option (c) or (d) satisfied
D.3.3.5.3 – Shear:
Option (b) or (c) satisfied
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BREAK!
If you are encountering technical difficulties, please call (847) 991-2700
If you have any questions, please type them in
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Question and Answer Session
If you are encountering technical difficulties, please call (847) 991-2700
If you have any questions, please type them in
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ROADMAP
History and Ductility
Chapter Reorganization
General
Members
Connections
Moment Frames
• Chapter E
• AISC 358-10
Braced Frames
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AISC 341-10 Organization
A. General Requirements
B. General Design Requirements
C. Analysis
D. General Member and Connection Design Requirements
E. Moment-Frame Systems
F. Braced-Frame and Shear-Wall Systems
G. Composite Moment-Frame Systems
H. Composite Braced-Frame and Shear-Wall Systems
I. Fabrication and Erection
J. Quality Control and Quality Assurance
K. Prequalification and Cyclic Qualification Testing Provisions
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E. Moment-Frame Systems
Summary of changes
• Ordinary Moment Frames
Text revised to allow use of non wide-flange members
FORSE Consulting, LLC offers services to architects and structural engineers.
Our PE’s and SE’s with over 50 years of combined experience offer consulting services including:• Project design services and Q/A model reviews• Software consulting and training• Code, software, and structural engineering technical presentations
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Thank You!!
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