Airway

1. Which of the following is NOT a goal in the initial management of respiratory arrest?

A. Identifying inadequate respiratory effort

B. Establishing an airway

C. Maintaining the airway

D. Administering CPR

E. Providing sufficient oxygenation and respirations

2. A 16-year-old boy collides with a truck as he rides on his bike through an intersection. He is taken to the ED. He is unresponsive and there are no breath sounds. What maneuver do you use to open his airway?

A. Head-tilt, chin-lift

B. Jaw thrust

3. Which set of actions reflects the correct sequence for the primary survey (as it is applied to respiratory arrest)?

A. Open the airway.Check breathing.Feel for a pulse.Initiate defibrillation.

B. Maintain patient's airway.Place an advanced airway adjunct.Start an IV.Differential diagnosis

C. Open the airway.Look, listen, and feel for breathing.Check patient's pulse.Review cardiac rhythm.

D. Open airway.Check breathing.Feel for a pulse.Do not attach defibrillator.

4. What is the first thing you do when you arrive at the scene of an emergency?

A. Run for a defibrillator.

B. Call 911.

C. Determine if the scene is safe.

D. Tap person on the shoulder.

5. Which statement is incorrect?A. Suctioning attempts should last 10 seconds or less.

B. Suctioning should be followed by the administration of 100% oxygen.

C. Yankauer catheters are used to suction the nose.

D. Monitor the patient's heart rate and clinical appearance during suctioning.

6. Under what circumstances would you use an NPA rather than an OPA?A. When the patient has serious facial trauma

B. When the head-tilt/chin lift maneuver fails to keep the airway open

C. When the patient is conscious or semi-conscious

D. When the patient is unconscious and unresponsive

7. Which advanced airway adjunct is more likely to have a fatal consequence if it is placed incorrectly?

A. LMA

B. ET tube

C. Combitube

Quiz Answers

1. Answer: D. Administering CPR. This is not a priority in respiratory arrest.

2. Answer: B. Jaw thrust. You use this maneuver to avoid potential or additional cervical spine injury.

3. Answer: D. In this case, the patient has a pulse and defibrillation is not indicated.

4. Answer: C. Determine if the scene is safe.

5. Answer: C. Yankauer catheters are used to suction the nose.

6. Answer: C. When the patient is conscious or semi-conscious. An OPA is not tolerated by semi-conscious or conscious patients.A is a contraindication for NPA use.B is true for both the OPA and the NPA. D. is true for both, but applies particularly to the OPA.

7. Answer: C. Combitube. Advanced training is required to use this advanced airway adjunct safely.

You are on your way home when you are called to a wedding reception at a local hotel. The

82-year-old grandfather of the bride collapsed while standing in the reception line. He was

discussing his latest project when he started sweating and then lost consciousness. A friend

of the family started CPR. His son immediately called 911. You quickly perform the BLS

Primary Survey.

1. Which step do you take first?

A. Start an IV.

B. Place an advanced airway.

C. Administer 5 cycles of CPR.

D. Immediately ask for a defibrillator.

Team members attach the self-adhesive combination pads to the patient's chest and

continue with compressions and ventilation. You check the patient's rhythm, taking no more

than 10 seconds to make your assessment. You see this rhythm on the monitor

2. The rhythm is _______ ________.

The manual defibrillator you are using is biphasic, but the manufacturer's recommended

dose is not listed on the defibrillator.

3. What is the recommended energy setting for defibrillation?

A. 360 J

B. 300 J

C. 250 J

D. 220 J

E. 200 J

4. If the shock is unsuccessful and the patient is still unresponsive, which drugs

should be administered first?

A. Vasopressin or epinephrine

B. Magnesium sulfate, epinephrine, and amiodarone

C. Epinephrine or lidocaine

D. Amiodarone, vasopressin, and epinephrine

5. Which one of the drugs listed above would NOT be given during resuscitation

efforts for this patient?

6. Why?

7. After another cycle of CPR, you check the patient's rhythm again and it has not

changed. From the time CPR first started, how long should you continue resuscitation

efforts?

A. 10 minutes

B. 15 minutes

C. 20 minutes

D. 30 minutes

8. Which of the following questions is most important to ask family members when

you arrive?

A. Does the patient have a valid DNAR order?

B. What medications is he taking?

C. Is there a family history of heart disease?

D. Has he had cardiac problems before?

Quiz Answers

1. Answer: D. Immediately ask for the defibrillator.

2. Answer: Ventricular fibrillation.

3. Answer: E. 200 J

4. Answer: A. Vasopressin or epinephrine. These two are recommended as the first-line drug therapy.

5. Answer: Magnesium sulfate

6. Because magnesium sulfate is only used when torsades de pointes is present.

7. Answer: C. 20 minutes from when CPR first began

8. Answer: A. Does the patient have a valid DNAR order? While the other questions could provide valuable information, knowing whether the patient has a DNAR order could determine how long you continue resuscitation efforts, or even if you begin resuscitation.

The patient is a 90-year-old man who was found slumped over on the sofa by his wife. She

said he was alert and talkative when she went downstairs to fix lunch. He was left alone

about 20 minutes. His son called 911. He is pale and unresponsive. His chest does not

noticeably rise and fall. His airway is clear.

1. What do you do first?

A. You continue to assess the patient using the BLS Primary and Secondary Surveys.

B. You immediately start managing the patient following the ACLS Pulseless Arrest Algorithm.

C. You insert an advanced airway.

D. You administer epinephrine.

E. A team member administers CPR, and you instruct another team member to give the patient epinephrine (1 mg of 1:10,000 epinephrine IV push) every 3 to 5 minutes.

2. You know that vasopressors have NOT been shown to increase survival rates from

asystole, but you request epinephrine for the patient anyway. Why?

3. If the patient does not resuscitate immediately, what are appropriate questions to

ask his wife, given his age?

4. The patient has not returned to spontaneous circulation and remains in asystole. It

has been 40 minutes since resuscitation efforts began. Can resuscitation efforts be

discontinued now?

A. No. Existing protocol should be reviewed before making the decision to stop.

B. Yes. It has been longer than 20 minutes, so resuscitation efforts can stop.

C. Yes or no. Factors other than time should be considered in making this decision.

D. Yes or no. His wife should make the decision.

E. All of the above

Quiz Answers

1. Answer: A. You continue to assess the patient using the BLS Primary and Secondary Surveys. Once your assessment is complete, you immediately start implementing the steps in the algorithm.

2. Answer: Epinephrine can improve aortic diastolic blood pressure and coronary artery perfusion pressure.

3. Answer: Does your husband have a DNAR order in place? Would you like us to continue resuscitation?

4. Answer: E. All of the above. The general consensus is that resuscitation can be discontinued after 20 minutes with no return to spontaneous circulation, but other factors need to be considered. A, B, C, and D are all possible correct answers.

PEA Practice QuizQuiz QuestionsBefore proceeding, it is a good idea to view our terms.

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Your patient is a 32-year-old woman who was found unresponsive on the floor of her apartment by her boyfriend. He brought her to the ED. You do not see an obvious chest rise or fall.

1. What do you do first?

A. Check the patient's airway for blood, gastric contents, loose dentures, or foreign objects.

B. Listen to find out if the patient is breathing.

C. Place an oral airway and begin ventilation with a bag-mask.

D. Check her carotids for a pulse.

As you complete the primary survey, you note that the patient has no pulse. You tell a team member to begin chest compressions, and you attach her to a defibrillator. The cardiac monitor shows the following rhythm.

2. What type of rhythm does the patient have?

A. Sinus tachycardia

B. Ventricular fibrillation

C. Bradycardia with a prolonged QT interval

D. Bradycardia with third-degree AV block

The patient has no pulse and her blood pressure is 50/110. You determine that the patient has pulseless electrical activity. You instruct a team member to check the patient's ECG rhythm every 2 minutes when team members change positions. A team member starts an IV of normal saline without interrupting CPR.

You are now looking for the cause of PEA.

3. What do you do next?

A. You perform a focused physical exam.

B. You look at the monitor to see if her rhythm has changed.

C. You check for a pulse.

D. You administer 1:10,000 epinephrine IV push.

You learn from her boyfriend that the patient has a past medical history of medication abuse and was admitted to the hospital six months ago.

4. You conclude that the patient most likely has which of the following?

A. Hypothermia

B. Cardiac tamponade

C. Drug overdose

D. Hypovolemia

5. Because the patient has a heart rate slower than 60 bpm, you also request which drug for her?

A. Epinephrine

B. Vasopressin

C. Atropine

D. Epinephrine with saline

6. What would be logical next steps in this patient's care?

A. Order a drug screen

B. Ask her boyfriend if he knows what medications she has been taking

C. Give her a specific antidote after the medication has been identified

D. Keep administering CPR until the drug effects begin to fade

E. All of the above

F. None of the above

Quiz Answers

1. Answer: A. Check the patient's airway for blood, gastric contents, loose dentures, or foreign objects.

2. Answer: C. Bradycardia with prolonged QT interval.

3. Answer: A. You perform a focused physical exam. You are looking for clues about what has caused the patient to deteriorate into PEA.

4. Answer: C. Drug overdose

5. Answer: C. Atropine

6. Answer: E. All of the above

Acute Coronary Syndromes Practice QuizQuiz Questions

A 63-year-old woman is brought into the ED. She has pain between her shoulders and complains of lightheadedness and nausea. She thinks she may be having a heart attack and is extremely anxious. She is placed on a cardiac monitor and a pulse oximeter is attached.

Before proceeding, it is a good idea to view our terms.

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1. Select your first step from the following choices.

A. Start the fibrinolytic checklist.

B. Request a chest x-ray.

C. Request a 12-lead ECG.

D. Give her heparin.

2. The presence of ST-segment elevation on an ECG for a patient experiencing chest discomfort suggests

A. Myocardial necrosis.

B. Myocardial injury.

C. Myocardial ischemia.

D. Myocardial infarction.

3. Before giving her nitroglycerin, make sure

A. The patient's heart rate is at least 89 bpm.

B. The patient's systolic BP is >105 mm Hg.

C. There is no evidence of a right ventricular infarction.

D. The patient has not taken medication for hypertension in the past 24 hours.

The cardiologist reviews her 12-lead ECG, which shows a sinus bradycardia at 54 bpm with ST-segment elevation in leads V2 and V4.

4. The patient is classified as having which of the following?A. STEMI

B. NSTEMI

C. Unstable angina

5. What is the most important action to take next?

A. Order a portable chest x-ray.

B. Order cardiac markers.

C. Consider adjunctive therapy.

D. Complete a reperfusion checklist.

6. You reassess her chest pain. She has been given 2 doses of sublingual nitroglycerin, but she still says her pain is 7 out of 10 on a 10-point scale. What should you do now?

A. Give her another dose of sublingual nitroglycerin.

B. Give her 2 mg of morphine and repeat the dose in 5 minutes.

C. Start her on a beta-blocker.

D. Give her another 325 mg of aspirin.

7. Over an hour has passed since the patient arrived at the ED. What therapy would be recommended for her at this point, if she has no contraindications?

A. Fibrinolytic therapy

B. Coronary angioplasty

C. Watch and wait

Quiz Answers

A. Answer: C. Request a 12-lead ECG.

B. Answer: B. myocardial injury.

C. Answer: C. There is no evidence of a right ventricular infarction.

D. Answer: A. STEMI

E. Answer: D. Complete a reperfusion checklist.

F. Answer: B. Give her 2 mg of morphine and repeat the dose in 5 minutes.

G. Answer: B. Coronary angioplasty

Bradycardia Practice Quiz

Practice Quiz for ACLS Bradycardia CaseQuiz QuestionsBefore proceeding, it is a good idea to view our terms.

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The patient is a 53-year-old man who says he feels weak and shaky and started feeling dizzy during a training session at work. A co-worker drove him to the ED. The patient is lying down with his eyes closed. You notice the rise and fall of his chest. The patient is pale, and he is breathing about 18 times per minute.

1. In what order should the following tasks be completed?

1. Check his pulse.

2. Attach a pulse oximeter.

3. Place the patient on a cardiac monitor.

4. Start oxygen.

A. 1, 2, 3, 4

B. 3, 4, 1, 2

C. 1, 4, 2, 3

D. 2, 3, 4, 1

A team member obtains the patient's vital signs, and you go through a history and perform a physical exam. The patient has the following vital signs: BP 58/32, heart rate is about 45, and respirations are 18. Breath sounds are clear and equal bilaterally.

2. Which are possible causes for symptomatic bradycardia?

A. Sick sinus syndrome

B. Hypoxia

C. Pulmonary embolism

D. Tension pneumothorax

E. All of the above

F. None of the above

3. What do you do next?

A. Order a chest x-ray.

B. Administer a dose of atropine.

C. Start an IV.

D. Check his rhythm on the monitor.

You notice the following rhythm on the monitor:

4. What is the rhythm?

A. Sinus bradycardia

B. First-degree AV block

C. Mobitz type II second-degree block

D. Third-degree AV block

The patient now has an IV. You have ordered a 12-lead ECG. You have a defibrillator nearby.

5. Which of the following is your next step?

A. Epinephrine

B. Transcutaneous pacing

C. Atropine

D. Expert consultation

6. If you chose to administer atropine rather than start transcutaneous pacing, what was your rationale for this decision?

7. If atropine is unsuccessful, what are your other medication options?

A. epinephrine alone

B. dopamine alone

C. epinephrine and dopamine, if needed

D. another dose of atropine, after 3 to 5 minutes

E. A, B, and D

F. All of the above

You obtain another set of vital signs: the patient's BP is 112/72, his heart rate is 88, and respirations are 16. The patient says he feels much better. You continue to monitor the patient's ECG and vital signs, and you try to figure out what caused the patient's bradycardia.

Quiz Answers

1. Answer: A. They are listed in the correct order according to the algorithm.

2. Answer: E. all of the above

3. Answer: D. Check his rhythm on the monitor.

4. Answer: A. Sinus bradycardia

5. Answer: C. Atropine

6. Answer: Because the sinus bradycardia shows a narrow QRS interval, it is reasonable

to try atropine to increase the patient's heart rate.

7. Answer: E. All of the above

Stable Tachycardia Practice Quiz

Practice Quiz for ACLS Stable Tachycardia CaseQuiz QuestionsBefore proceeding, it is a good idea to view our terms.

If you would like to go to the main quizzes page, click here.

A 53-year-old man complains that he is dizzy and lightheaded. You begin a primary survey and request a team member to attach an oximeter and place the man on a cardiac monitor. You make sure a defibrillator is close at hand. His blood pressure is 159/96 and his heart rate is 214.

1. You note the following rhythm on the monitor, which is ____________________.

You conduct a physical exam and run through his history, asking about signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, past medical history, last oral intake, and events prior. The patient appears to be stable.

2. What treatment do you try first?A. Synchronized cardioversion

B. Observe and monitor

C. Vagal maneuvers

D. Administer adenosine

3. Is carotid sinus massage appropriate for this patient? Select the correct answer and explain why it is correct.

A. Yes, because ________________________

B. No, because _________________________

The patient tries blowing through a straw and coughing, without success.

4. It appears these vagal maneuvers are not successful in his case. What treatment would you try next?

A. Continue with other vagal maneuvers.

B. Administer amiodarone.

C. Perform synchronized cardioversion.

D. Administer adenosine.

5. The patient becomes unresponsive with a BP of 62/39. What is your next step?

A. You quickly repeat the primary survey.

B. You administer another dose of adenosine.

C. You observe the patient for several minutes.

D. You check the rhythm on the monitor.

6. The patient has the same rhythm on the monitor but is now unstable. Which treatment would you select?

A. Defibrillation

B. Synchronized cardioversion

7. Explain why you chose either A or B.

Scenario

A 31-year-old woman comes in because her heart has been "pounding" over several weeks. Her BP is 100/54 and her heart rate is 137 bpm. She recently transferred to a new division in her company and has taken over the role of marketing manager. She has been feeling anxious and worried about her performance. She usually keeps a can of Cola on her desk and recently has been drinking more caffeinated beverages. The following rhythm appears on the monitor:

8. The rhythm is which of the following?

A. Supraventricular tachycardia

B. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

C. Sinus tachycardia

D. Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia

9. List the characteristics of this rhythm:

Rate

Rhythm

PR interval

QRS duration

10. The patient is stable. Which treatment do you recommend for this patient?

A. Begin CPR.

B. Give high-energy unsynchronized shock

C. Give amiodarone 150 mg IV

D. Treat the underlying cause.

Quiz Answers

1. Answer: AV nodal reentrant tachycardia.

2. Answer: C. Vagal maneuvers. Vagal maneuvers are the recommended initial treatment for a patient who is stable with a narrow-complex tachycardia.

3. Answer: A. Yes, because he is in reasonably good health and is fairly young. Carotid sinus massage is contraindicated for older patients.

4. Answer: D. Administer adenosine.

5. Answer: A. You quickly repeat the primary survey.

6. Answer: B. Synchronized cardioversion

7. Answer: The patient became unstable. He has a pulse and a narrow-complex tachycardia. Synchronized cardioversion is the recommended treatment.

8. Answer: C. Sinus tachycardia

9. Answers:

Rate between 101 and 180 bpmRegular rhythmPR interval from 0.12 to 0.20 secondQRS duration is 0.10 second or less

10. Answer: D. Treat the underlying cause. Sinus tachycardia is likely brought on by stress and increased caffeine intake. Reducing both should resolve the tachycardia.

Unstable Tachycardia Practice Quiz

Practice Quiz for ACLS Unstable Tachycardia CaseQuiz Questions

A 90-year-old woman is brought into the hospital outpatient clinic. She says that she feels weak and slightly dizzy. Her blood pressure is 77/34, and her heart rate is between 132 and 159 bpm. The ECG shows atrial fibrillation.Before proceeding, it is a good idea to view our terms.If you would like to go to the main quizzes page, click here.

1. What is the most appropriate treatment for her?

A. Digoxin

B. Defibrillation

C. Diltiazem

D. Synchronized cardioversion

E. Amiodarone

2. List three arrhythmias associated with unstable tachycardia, excluding atrial fibrillation.

1.

2.

3.

3. Which of the following sequences for cardioversion is most appropriate for a patient in atrial fibrillation? (You are using a monophasic device.)

A. 50 J, 100 J, 200 J, 300 J, 360 J

B. 100 to 120 J, 200 J, 300 J, 360 J

C. 100 J, 200 J, 300 J, 360 J

D. 360 J 360 J 360 J 260 J

4. What is the initial finding you need to guide your assessment and treatment of the patient?

5. What are the next three questions that guide an emergency team in the management of a patient with tachycardia?

1.

2.

3.

6. The patient has the same rhythm on the monitor but is now unstable. Which treatment would you select?

A.

B.

C.

An elderly man is brought into the ED by his grandson. He is not responding, but he does have a faint carotid pulse. His heart rate is estimated to be about 150 and his blood pressure is 50/24. His skin is cool, pale, and damp. You request an ECG, which shows the following rhythm:

7. What is the rhythm?

8. What is the recommended next step?

A. Sedation

B. Amiodarone 150 mg IV

C. Synchronized cardioversion

D. Cardiology consult

A co-worker comes in with 48-year-old man who is complaining of chest pain. His

heart rate is >176. He is light-headed and worried about fainting. You assess the patient's ABCDs using the primary and secondary surveys, and request an ECG.

Here is what appears on the ECG:

You are unsure what the rhythm is, but the patient is deteriorating and his rate is irregular and fast. You request a cardiology consult. You alert the team.

9. Do you administer an unsynchronized shock or a synchronized shock?

10. With help from the team, you identify the rhythm asA. monomorphic VT.

B. atrial flutter.

C. atrial fibrillation.

D. polymorphic VT.

E. supraventricular VT.

Quiz Questions

1. Answer: D. Synchronized cardioversion

2. Answers: These are the arrhythmias associated with unstable tachycardia, excluding atrial fibrillation:1. Monomorphic VT2. Polymorphic VT3. Wide-complex tachycardia4. Supraventricular tachycardia5. Atrial flutter

3. Answer: B. 100 to 120 J, 200 J, 300J, 360 J

4. Answer: D. Administer adenosine.

5. Answer:1. Is the patient stable or unstable?

2. Is the QRS wide or narrow?3. Is the ventricular rhythm regular or irregular?

6. Answer:1. When the patient has no pulse2. When the patient is deteriorating clinically (severe shock, in polymorphic VT, or when a delay in converting the rhythm may result in pulseless arrest)3. When you are unsure whether the unstable patient's rhythm is monomorphic or polymorphic VT.

7. Answer: Monomorphic VT

8. Answer: C. Synchronized cardioversion

9. Answer: Unsynchronized

10. Answer: D. polymorphic VT

VF with CPR and AED Practice Quiz

Practice Quiz for ACLS VF with CPR and AED CaseQuiz QuestionsBefore proceeding, it is a good idea to view our terms.

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A 49-year-old man collapses in the library. You are trained in CPR and respond to the call for help. An AED is available in the library. You do not see any signs of breathing as you approach the patient. You tap the man on the shoulder and ask, "Are you all right?" The man does not respond.

1. What do you do first?

A. You ask if anyone else is trained in CPR.

B. You call 911 or ask someone nearby to call 911.

C. You look around to find the AED.

D. You start chest compressions.

2. Now that you have assessed the situation, what do you do next?

A. You send a librarian for the AED.

B. You check for a pulse.

C. You begin chest compressions.

D. You start the patient on oxygen.

3. Before you attach the electrode pads to the patient, what findings should you verify?

A. The patient is not responding.

B. The patient is not breathing.

C. The patient does not have a pulse.

D. The patient does not have a pacemaker.

E. All of the above

F. A, B, and C

4. You apply the AED pads. You get a "chest electrodes" error message. What is a common reason for this message?

A. The electrodes are in the wrong place on the patient's chest.

B. The electrodes are stuck to the patient's chest hair and not to his skin.

C. The AED has not been properly maintained.

D. The pads are the wrong size.

5. What can you do to correct the problem?

A. Press down firmly on each pad.

B. Quickly pull off the pads, which will remove much of the hair.

C. Shave the area with the razor (often provided in the AED carrying case).

D. Apply a new set of pads and follow the AED voice prompts.

E. All of the above, as needed to remove error message

6. You reapply the electrode pads and listen to the prompts. You are instructed to give one shock. You proceed to administer the shock. You did not notice that another person was touching the patient's arm.

Which two steps did you neglect to complete?

Quiz Answers

1. Answer: B. You call 911 or ask someone nearby to call 911.

2. Answer: A. You send a librarian for the AED. Obviously there are people in the library who can get the AED for you, so you send someone for it and move on through the primary survey. In this setting, you do not have oxygen available.

3. Answer: F. A, B, and C

4. Answer: B. The electrodes are stuck to the patient's chest hair and not to his skin.

5. Answer: E. All of the above, as needed to remove error message.

6. Answer: Give the clear message in a loud voice. Check to make sure no one is touching the patient.

Acute Stroke Practice Quiz

Practice Quiz for ACLS Acute Stroke CaseQuiz QuestionsBefore proceeding, it is a good idea to view our terms.

If you would like to go to the main quizzes page, click here.

A 68-year-old African American man comes into the ED 30 minutes after the acute onset of left-sided facial droop and blurred vision. His son brought him to the ED and is sitting in a chair next to the patient. The patient cannot recall the date and is unsure where he is. He has a history of diabetes and hypertension but no prior stroke. Blood pressure is 173/98 mm Hg; temperature is normal.

1. List two reasons why it might have been better for the patient if his son had called 911 instead of driving him to the ED.

1.

2.

2. Getting a CT scan taken and interpreted is a critical step in deciding which treatment is appropriate for the patient. According to the NINDS protocol, getting the CT scan should be done in less than which of the following times?

A. 2 hours

B. 60 minutes

C. 45 minutes

D. 30 minutes

3. The patient is scanned and the scan shows no hemorrhage. Does he qualify for fibrinolytic therapy?

A. Yes

B. No

C. More diagnostics need to be taken.

4. Which step needs to be taken before therapy is administered?

A. Specialist needs to assess the patient using the fibrinolytic checklist.

B. 12-lead ECG needs to be done.

C. Glucose should be administered.

D. Consultation with another specialist is required.

5. According to the NINDS protocol, from the time the patient came into the ED, when should fibrinolytic therapy begin?

A. within 25 min

B. within 45 min

C. within 1 hr

D. within 2 hrs

6. The patient's blood pressure is monitored every 15 min for 2 hrs, then every 30 min for 6 hrs, and finally every hr for 16 hrs. His blood pressure is 185/110. Which medication would be recommended for him?

A. Labetalol 20 mg IV for 1–2 min

B. Labetalol 10 mg IV for 1–2 min

C. Nicardipine 5 mg/hr IV infusion

D. Sodium nitroprusside 0.5 µg/kg per IV infusion

7. The most common cause of a subarachnoid hemorrhage is

A. Cerebral aneurysm

B. AV malformation

C. Chronic hypertension

D. Atrial fibrillation

Quiz Questions

1. Answer:1. EMS responders can take the patient to a hospital with a stroke unit, rather than one without advanced stroke care.2. EMS responders can notify the hospital that the patient is coming; hospital personnel can then be ready to move quickly with assessment and treatment.

2. Answer: C. 45 minutes. It should be obtained within 25 minutes.

3. Answer: A. Yes

4. Answer: A. Specialist needs to assess patient using the fibrinolytic checklist.

5. Answer: C. within 1 hr

6. Answer: B. Labetalol 10 mg IV for 1–2 min

7. Answer: A. Cerebral aneurysm

BURNSQuestion # 1 (Multiple Choice) A 42-year-old male patient was involved in a house fire. His arms are charred black but the patient states he has little pain. This burn would be classified as

 A) partial thickness

 B) minor

 C) full thickness

 D) superficial

Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) Protection, temperature regulation, and excretion are major functions of the

 A) muscles

 B) liver

 C) skin

 D) blood vessels

Question # 3 (Multiple Choice) The outer layer of the skin is called the

 A) dermis

 B) subcutaneous layer

 C) epidermis

 D) subdura

Question # 4 (Multiple Choice) In an adult, a full thickness burn that involves 2% to 10% of the body surface is classified as

 A) minor burn

 B) moderate burn

 C) critical burn

 D) circumferential burn

Question # 5 (Multiple Choice) You are called to assist a 3-year-old male patient who pulled a pot of hot water from the stove spilling hot it onto their upper chest. The skin is red and painful, but no other signs or symptoms are present. This childs burn would be classified as

 A) critical

 B) severe

 C) superficial

 D) full thickness

Question # 6 (Multiple Choice) A burn characterized by intense pain, reddening, and blisters is called a

 A) superficial burn

 B) partial thickness burn

 C) full thickness burn

 D) critical burn

Question # 7 (Multiple Choice) Acceptable care for a 7% superficial burn may include all of the following EXCEPT

 A) cool the burn with water

 B) keep the patient warm

 C) apply a burn ointment

 D) keep the burn site clean

Question # 8 (Multiple Choice) Blisters should be cared for by

 A) opening and draining

 B) sealing with burn ointment

 C) opening and disinfecting

 D) leaving intact and covering loosely

Question # 9 (Multiple Choice) Your first concern in treating a conscious patient who has received partial thickness burns to the face is treating

 A) for relative hypothermia

 B) the burned area by applying a dressing

 C) for hypovolemia shock

 D) airway related problems

Question # 10 (Multiple Choice) Your patient has been exposed to an unknown chemical which has soaked his clothing. You should immediately flush the patient with

 A) water

 B) alcohol

 C) neutralizing solution

 D) vinegar

Question # 11 (Multiple Choice) The most serious problem to consider with an electrical burn is

 A) shock

 B) hyperthermia

 C) brain damage

 D) cardiac dysrhythmia/arrest

Question # 12 (Multiple Choice) A superficial burn is characterized by

 A) charred black areas

 B) lack of pain

 C) reddening of the skin

 D) blisters