Aircraft recognition basic (ARB) lesson 1

AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION BASIC (ARB)

Lesson 1 Aircraft Recognition Features

WEFTUS NO - THIS IS A WETDOG

WEFTUS NO THIS IS A WETCAT (AND ANGRY TOO)

Few hints here see if you can identify WETFUS

WEFTUS is an acronym for recognisable features of an aircraft

Wings

Engines (Nacelle)

Tail (Empennage)

Fuselage

Undercarriage

Special features

WINGS - location

WINGS - shape

WINGS - Bracing

WINGS – X Plane

Grumman X29

WINGS – Crescent

Hanley Page Victor long range heavy bomber

WINGS – Stealth Bomber

WINGS – Have other uses

WINGS – When Anhedral becomes dihedral

Boeing B52 Stratofortress

ENGINES

There are 4 types of engine used in aircraft

• Piston – fuel petrol (higher octane than cars use)

• Gas turbine - fuel AVTUR (keroscene) • Rocket• None – gliders

Number and location of engines

Piston engines Radial Engines

Radial engines early models the crankshaft was stationary and the cylinders rotatedLater engines the cylinders were stationary and the crankshaft rotated R 2800 is known as the Prat & Witney Twin Row Wasp it ahs 18 cylinders (45.96 L) producing 2,800 hp (2,100 kW), Diameter: 52.8 in (1,342 mm) for Aircraft such as the DC6 and the Super Constellation

Piston engines V Engines most famous Rolls Royce Merlin

The engine that helped win WWII Length: 88.7 in (225 cm producing 1,290 hp (962 kW)

Piston engines Horizontally opposed

Lycoming & Continental are the major manufacturers

Piston engines Horizontally opposed in aircraft

Gas Turbine engines Commonly Jet engines

• Ram Jet• Pulse• Radial Flow• Axial Flow• Turbo Fan• Turboprop

Ram Jet Engine

Pulse Jet Engine

Pulse Jet Engines are dangerous and are banned in Australia

Radial Flow Gas Turbine Engine

HdH Goblin engine in Vampire big brother the Ghost used in Comet

Axial Flow Gas Turbine Engine

Turbo Fan Engine

Turbo Fan Engine Gas flow diagram

Turbofan from an Airbus A380

Turboprop

Allison 250 Gas Turbine the compressor on the left is about the size of a large tin of coffee

Rocket Engines

Engine Numbers and locationSingle engine

Most single engine aircraft have the engine in the fuselage

Engine Numbers and locationSingle engine

There are of course exceptions as in the SeaMax

Engine Numbers and locationMultiple engine

Beech StarshipPiper PA-31 Navajo

Engine Numbers and locationMultiple engine

Adam Aircraft's A500 piston push/pull twin featuring TIO-540 engines. The company also developed the A700 turbojet before financial troubles doomed the company in 2009.

Engine Numbers and locationMultiple engine

Brittan Norman Islander

727

Mc Donnel Douglas DC 10

Engine Numbers and locationMultiple engine

Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II AKA Warthog Gulfstream 450

Engine Numbers and locationMultiple engine

NOT REALLY

Engine Numbers and locationMultiple engine

Notice the bend in the wings

Engine Numbers and locationMultiple engine

Airbus 380 B52

Engine Numbers and locationMultiple engine

TAIL Empennage

The Tail Contains the

• Horizontal stabiliser• Vertical stabiliser• Elevators• Rudder (another nautical term)

TAIL (Empennage) configurations

There are of course variations

Aussi built Transavia Airtruk Raptor

Phantom MD 500n

FUSELAGE

Fuselage NomadAustralian built CAC Nomad

UNDERCARRIAGE

• Fixed – trycicle tail dragger• Retractable• Marine• Special Purpose

Fixed Undercarriage

Jabiru J120 Aussi Built

Retractable Undercarriage

Marine Undercarriage

Fixed Undercarriage Helicopter

Special Purpose Undercarriage

SPECIAL FEATURES

SPECIAL FEATURES

Orion

SPECIAL FEATURES

SPECIAL FEATURES

Cessna 310 Whitcomb winglets