Aircraft Fuel Systems AIAA Team 1 (Shelley Biagi & Curtis Black) A/C Design Class Tuesday, September 19, 2006
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Aircraft Fuel Systems
AIAA Team 1 (Shelley Biagi & Curtis Black)A/C Design ClassTuesday, September 19, 2006
Business and Commercial Aviation Magazine “An aircraft's fuel system has a more
profound effect on aircraft performance than any other airframe system. Without fuel, the mission inevitably comes to an abrupt stop and, unless the flight crew is very, very lucky, the ensuing forced landing will cause severe or catastrophic aircraft damage.” ~ Fred George, 6/20/06 http://www.avweek.com/avnow/news/channel_bca_story.jsp?id=news/fuel0606.xml
Fuel Types
Civilian Jet A Jet A-1 Jet B
Military JP-4 JP-5 JP-8
Typical Fuel Tanks
Integral Rigid Removable Bladder Rule of Thumb for max. fuel volume: 85% for wing
tanks and 92% for fuselage tanks, measured to the external skin surface (exception: bladder tanks, 77% and 83%, respectively)
External
Components
Main Tanks
Header Tank (separate from main tanks, holds enough fuel for engines to run during complicated maneuvers)
Gravity Feed (small aircraft only)
Electric/Engine-driven Fuel Pumps
Fuel distributed around center of gravity
Fuel Dumping Systems
Needed to meet landing weight limits of landing gear or runway length
System of fuel pumps and valves Usually ejected from wingtips Sometimes from aft-most point of fuselage Usually designed to allow the plane to go
from max take-off weight to max landing weight in 15 minutes or less.
777 Fuel Dumping http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/planes/q0245b.shtml
http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Evolution_of_Technology/refueling/Tech22G5.htm
In-Flight Refueling
Original motivation: endurance records Currently used only in the military sector Two main types:
Boom and Receptacle Probe and Drogue
http://www.answers.com/topic/aerial-refueling
References Ask A Scientist
http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/eng99/eng99417.htm Aerospaceweb.org
http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/planes/q0245b.shtml Refueling
http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Evolution_of_Technology/refueling/Tech22G5.htm
PBS http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/concorde/anat-nf.html Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank Raymer Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach 4th ed.
By Daniel Raymer George, Fred Business and Commercial Aviation Magazine,
June 2006 issue. http://www.avweek.com/avnow/news/channel_bca_story.jsp?id=news/fuel0606.xml
Any Questions?
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