Airborne Lasers and Integrated Weapon Systems: Design, Development, Test and Evaluation San Jose dos Campos, 30 th September 2015 NATO UNCLASSIFIED – Approved for Public Release Prof. Roberto Sabatini, PhD, FRIN Head of Group, Intelligent Transport Systems and Aviation Program Leader Avionics and ATM Leader, Sir L. Wackett Aerospace Research Centre School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia INVITED PLENARY SPEACH
93
Embed
Airborne Lasers and Integrated Weapon Systems: Design ... Lasers and... · Airborne Lasers and Integrated Weapon Systems: Design, Development, Test and Evaluation San Jose dos Campos,
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Airborne Lasers and Integrated Weapon
Systems: Design, Development,
Test and Evaluation
San Jose dos Campos, 30th September 2015
NATO UNCLASSIFIED – Approved for Public Release
Prof. Roberto Sabatini, PhD, FRIN Head of Group, Intelligent Transport Systems and Aviation Program Leader
Avionics and ATM Leader, Sir L. Wackett Aerospace Research Centre
School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
INVITED PLENARY SPEACH
INTRODUCTION
MILITARY REQUIREMENTS
CLDP, GBU-16 AND GBU-24 SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION
CLDP HMI, FUNCTIONS AND EMPLOYMENT
LGB SELF-DESIGNATION AND CO-OPERATIVE ATTACKS
FLIGHT TEST REQUIREMENTS AND METHODS
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING
MODELLING AND SIMULATION
FLIGHT TEST ACTIVITY
FINAL REMARKS
SCOPE OF THE PRESENTATION
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
LOAM SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
INTRODUCTION
q Since the beginning of the 90’s, the NATO Defence Forces have been involved in
activities related with:
Laser Guided Weapons;
Laser Designation Systems.
q In the ITAF R&FTC (CSV-RSV) the Thales Convertible Laser Designation Pod
(CLDP), together with Laser Guided Bombs (LGBs), have been integrated on
TORNADO-IDS aircraft.
q A new tailored RDT&E was adopted in order to:
Reduce the costs associated with the development process; Obtain the higher possible level of efficiency.
Laser Navigation Aid and Obstacle Warning Systems
q The Laser Obstacle Avoidance and Monitoring System (LOAM) was developed
under to equip helicopters, with a focus on NH-90 (Eurocopter) rerquirements and
possible further applications to low dynamics platforms (e.g., small size UAVs).
q Modelling and Simulation were essential for correctly planning flight test activities, analysing flight test data and verifying the validity of the models/algorithms loaded in the operational aircraft software.
Store Separation Simulation;
Aerodynamic Simulation;
Guided/Unguided Weapon Simulation;
Masking Algorithms Simulation;
Aircraft Weapon Aiming Simulation;
Laser Performance Simulation;
Ballistic and Laser Safety Areas Simulation.
q Simulation Tools developed during Sub-System integration activities included thefollowing:
INTRODUCTION
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
LTD/LGB MILITARY REQUIREMENTS
q Initial MOD Requirements (“Lesson learned” of the “Desert Storm” operation):
COTS Bang-Bang Laser Guided Bombs; COTS Day-Night Laser Designation Pod.
q Further MOD Requirements:
Improve Sub-System Software capability; Integrate LGBs with a longer operational range and higher accuracy/hit probabilities.
q Operational Requirements for LTD and LGBs included definition of:
Specific Mission Requirements;
Functional Requirements;
Crew Members Workload;
Human-Machine Interface (HMI).
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
q Systems Selection Criteria (LGB’s and LTD):
Proven operational capability; Full compliance with the basic operational requirements; Low risk during the development phase; Commonality with other sub-systems and TORNADO-IDS suspension system; State-of-the-art technology in order to guarantee longer operational life;
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
q The CLDP is a system designed to provide the aircraft with day and night laserdesignation capability. It can be configured with:
CONVERTIBLE LASER DESIGNATION POD (CLDP)
q Both CLDP configurations include two sections:
Interchangeable Front Section containing a TV or TC sensor head; Common Body containing a centre section and rear cooling unit.
Television Camera (TV) for day-time missions; Thermal Camera (TC) for day/night time missions.
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
GBU-16 LASER GUIDED BOMB (PAVEWAY II)
q The GBU-16 (PAVEWAY II) Laser Guided Bomb consists of:
Forward Computer Control Group (CCG) including control canards and an aftwing assembly;
MK-83 1000 pound warhead.
q The Detector Unit Housing (DUH) is mounted on the front section of the CCG and isfree to gimbal in any direction (aerodynamically stabilised with the velocity vector of theweapon).
q GBU-16 guidance is provided by a system commonly referred to as “Bang-Bang”control.
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
q The GBU-24 (PAVEWAY III) is a laser guided munition designed to enhance Low Altitude Delivery. PAVEWAY III consist of:
Nose Mounted Guidance Unit;
Aft Wing Assembly. q The Air Force selected two 2000 pound bombs:
MK-84 2000 pound warhead;
BLU-109 high penetration warhead. q GBU-24 is a “Proportional Guidance” LGB. q The bomb has 4 Operational Modes depending on target characteristics and
desired bomb impact angle. For each mode, the GBU-24 computer unit automatically selects a suitable flight profile.
GBU-24 LASER GUIDED BOMB (PAVEWAY III)
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
CLDP FORMAT
Functions selected
through dedicated SKs
CLDP
CONTROL
PANEL
CLDP MAN - MACHINE INTERFACE
q CLDP main functions are selected by the Weapon System Operator (WSO).Commands and controls are located in the Tornado Rear Cockpit.
q Pod Line of Sight (LOS) controls are located both in Front and Rear Cockpit.
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
CLDP BASIC SUB-SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
q CLDP System Status Check
q Slave Modes
q Track Modes
q Computer Rate Track
q Masking
q Reversionary
q Pod-Aircraft Harmonization
q Video-Laser Boresight
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
CLDP OPERATIONAL EMPLOYMENT
q Self Designation Attacks
Aircraft acts as illuminator for the own carried LGBs.
q Co-operative Designation Attacks.
Aircraft acts as illuminator for partner(s) aircraft.
q CLDP Target/Navigation Fixing.
CLDP can be used as a sensor for 2D/3D Navigation/Target Fixing purposes.
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
SELF DESIGNATION ATTACK
1
2
3
4
1 - Approach phase
5
2 - Bomb Release
4 - Laser illumination 3 - Escape manoeuvre
5 - End of attack
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
CO-OPERATIVE ATTACK
1 - Approach phase
4 - Laser illumination
2 - Break-off point
3 - Controlled turn manoeuvre
2
1
3
4
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
LTD/LGB SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS
TEST REQUIREMENTS
q Areas of Testing:
Test RequirementsMathematical ModelsAnalysis Tools
Flight mechanics (handling/vibration); Store separation ( LGB’s);
Software development; Avionics and Sub-systems functions verification.
Data Acquisitionand
Telemetry System
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
FLIGHT MECHANICS TESTING
q Handling
Typical maneuvers were performed to verify aircraft stability and control at theselected flight conditions identified through mathematical models.
q Vibration
Activity needed to measure the actual vibration levels induced on CLDP andAdapter under the selected flight conditions and aircraft external stores configurations.
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
STORE SEPARATION TESTING
q LGB Jettison and Releases performed at the selected flight conditions to:
Confirm the store separation predicted by mathematical models;
Verify any possible mechanical interference between ‘dressing’ and TORNADO suspension system;
Verify aerodynamic influence on unguided store trajectory;
Acquire data for optimising ballistic constants;
Optimise attack profiles.
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING
q Development of Avionics Softwarerequired moving into the followingprocess:
SW
Definition
SW
Requirement
Specification
SW
Coding
Ground
Tests
Limits ?
Queries ?
Yes
No
Flight
Trials
Limits ?
Queries ?
Yes
No
In Flight
Final Demo
SW
Delivery
No
Yes
No
Software Definition ;
Software Coding ;
Software Testing .
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
SIMULATION
q Store Separation Simulation
q Aerodynamic Simulation
q Unguided Weapon Ballistics
q Masking Analysis and Simulation
q Weapon Aiming Simulation
q Guided Weapon Simulation
q CLDP Performance Simulation
q Ballistic and Laser Safety Areas
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
STORE SEPARATION SIMULATION
Program based on the application of 3D Euler Code, to evaluate and update the airloadson the separating store.
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
AERODYNAMICS SIMULATION
CAD-CATIAand
CFD codes
Complete/Reliable Aerodynamic Calculations
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
LGB WEAPON BALLISTIC SIMULATION
q Guided Weapon Ballistics Program (GWBP)
Program capable of computing the guided LGB weapon trajectory. GWBP outputs are: - bomb flight conditions where the target enters into the seeker field of view; - bomb flight conditions when the las er starts to fire; - bomb flight condition where the bomb starts the guided trajectory; - bomb flight conditions along the guided trajectory; - impact point with respect the spot laser; - bomb time of flight.
q Unguided Weapon Ballistics Program (UWBP)
The UWBP was developed at RSV in order to compute unguided ballistic tables for any type of bomb released by any type of aircraft, and to define attack release conditions. The output ballistics tables consisted of the following parameters:
- bomb range; - bomb time of flight; - bomb impact angle; - bomb impact velocity; - bomb depression angle relative to the aircraft at time of release.
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
MASKING PROFILES SIMULATION
CAD Simulation was used for defining the Masking Function logic according to theaircraft shape and external stores configurations.
ROOT
LO
RO
LSW
TANKLI
RI
E/NCL
E/N
A/C MASKS SEMICLEAN 2
TANK
E/N
GBU2 4
GBU24
E/N
E/N
E/N
CLEAN
LEGEN D :
E/N = Empty / N o Py lo n
TA N K = 1 5 0 0 LT Ta nk
GBU 2 4 = GBU 2 4 R ea l Wea po n
C BLS = BD U 3 3 B/B o r M K 1 0 6
= D o n't C a re
TANK
RS (light)
CBLS
GBU1 6
RS (heavy) E/N
GBU1 6
SEMICLEAN 1
E/N
RSW
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
ATTACK PROFILES SIMULATION
An Attack Profiles Simulation (APS) tool was developed for monitoring the LOS components (Azimuth and Elevation) during A/C manoeuvres, in an Hammer/Aitoff Diagram where mask and pre-mask profiles were plotted.
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
q For Weapon Aiming assessment purposes, a simulation program was developed atRSV. The program used the same models adopted by the TORNADO MainComputer (MC) for execution of the various attacks.
TORNADO WEAPON AIMING SIMULATION
q Two GBU-24 software modules were developed covering specific sub-tasks:
a module for selecting the appropriate set of envelope constants dependingon aircraft flight/release conditions;
a second module, based on neural networks algorithms, for calculating therelease range envelope for a successful bomb release.
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
CLDP PERFORMANCE SIMULATION
q The models used for performance calculations were:
Geometric Model
Laser Range Equation
Atmospheric Propagation Models
Reflection Models
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
BALLISTIC SAFETY AREAS
A software tool was developed capable of producing “Safety Traces”. This tool was able to manage “dive”, “level”, as well as “loft” attacks with any input entry conditions, type of bomb and error vector.
The program output was the Safety Trace border on the ground, obtained by takinginto account the worst case simulated impacts.
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
LASER SAFETY AREAS
q A simulation tool was implemented at RSV for laser missions planning andoptimisation. The program was based on the following calculations:
- Laser Characteristics - Aircraft Position and Velocity - Reflection Point Position - Observer Position
Exposure Time Calculation
NOHD Calculation
NOHD >
Distance Observer-Reflection Point +
Reflection point-aircraft
Safe Scenario
Unsafe Scenario
TRUE
FALSE
Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD)
Buffer Zone (BZ)
Hazard Area (HA)
Extended Buffer Zone (EBZ)
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
Display Unit
(for test)
Control Panel Unit
Sensor Head Unit
NH-300
FLIGHT TEST
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
MCU
AB-212
FLIGHT TEST (2)
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
AB412
EH101
A129
SMALL UAV
UNMANNED HELICOPTERS
SENSOR
UNIT
CONTROL
UNIT
Future Activities
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
We have presented the activities carried out for integrating the Convertible Laser Designation Pod and GBU-16/GBU-24 Laser Guided Bombs on the TORNADO-IDS.
A new tailored test philosophy was adopted, consisting in a continuous interaction between ground test, flight test and simulation.
Extensive use of simulation tools allowed a full aerodynamics and safe-separation investigation, weapon aiming analysis, masking characterisation, preliminary performance estimation, laser hazards determination and laser/ballistic safety assessment.
The adopted test philosophy, introduced considerable improvements in the data gathering and analysis activities, reducing costs and saving time. Therefore an increase of efficiency was experienced, with consequent optimisation of the overall development process.
FINAL REMARKS
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
• Laser Obstacle Detection & Collision Avoidance is a mature
technology for low-to-mid dynamics platforms
• The LOAM systems was successfully integrated on various
helicopters and is been tested on UAVs
• A number of low, medium and high-level avionics integration
architectures have been developed
• HMI2 aspects were deeply investigated both in manned and
unmanned configurations
• Ground and flight test activities validated the obstacle
detection, classification and avoidance algorithms
• Future activities will address additional manned and unmanned
aircraft applications with mid-to-high dynamics
XVII SIGE - Symposium of Operational Applications in Areas of Defense
29 September – 1 October 2015, San Jose dos Campos, Brazil
FINAL REMARKS (cont.)
Airborne Lasers and Integrated Weapon
Systems: Design, Development,
Test and Evaluation
INVITED PLENARY SPEACH
Questions and Discussion
[1] R. Sabatini and M. A. Richardson, RTO AGARDograph AG-300 Vol. 26: Airborne Laser Systems Testing
and Analysis: NATO Science and Technology Organization, 2010.
[2] R. Sabatini, "Tactical Laser Systems Performance Analysis in Various Weather Conditions", presented at
the E-O Propagation, Signature and System Performance under Adverse Meteorological Conditions
Considering Out of Area Operations, Sensors and Electronics Technology (SET) panel, NATO Research
and Technology Organization (RTO), Naples, Italy, 1998.
[3] R. Sabatini and G. B. Palmerini, RTO AGARDograph AG-160 Vol. 21: Differential Global Positioning
System (DGPS) for Flight Testing: NATO Research and Technology Organization, 2008.
[4] R. Sabatini, F. Guercio, and S. Vignola, "Airborne Laser Systems Performance Analysis and Mission
Planning", in RTO-MP-46 - Advanced Mission Management and Systems Integration Technologies for
Improved Tactical Operations, Systems Concepts and Integration (SCI) panel, NATO Research and