Air

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AIR POLLUTION AND ITS CONSEQUENCE

DR. VAIBHAV GUPTA MPH 1styear Student Dept. of community medicine JSSMC13/02/2013MODERATOR: DR.N.C.ASHOK H.O.D.

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IntroductionCompositionAir impuritiesSelf cleansing mechanismsAir pollutionSources PollutantsMonitoring EffectsPrevention & controlDisinfection

Plan of presentation

INTRODUCTION Air supplies the life-giving oxygenHuman body cooled by air contactHearing & smell stimuli transmittedDisease agents may be conveyedPollution of air by dust, smoke, toxic gases & chemical vapours

COMPOSITION Air is a Mechanical mixture of gases. Nitrogen (78.1%) Oxygen (20.93%) Carbon dioxide (0.03%) Others gases : Argon Neon krypton Helium

Air Impurities Respiration: Of men and animalsCombustion: Of coal ,gas, oil, etc.Decomposition: Of organic matterProcesses: Trade, traffic and manufacturing processes given off dust , fumes, vapours, gases.

Self cleansing mechanismsWindSunlightRainPlant life

AIR POLLUTION Air pollution is the introduction ofchemicals,particulate matter, orbiological materialsthat cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to thenatural environmentorbuilt environment, into theatmosphere.

An increase in any of the constituents of the atmosphere which is harmful to the living beings and their environment, is known as air pollution .

According to W.H.O

Sources Of Air PollutionAutomobiles: motor vehiclesIndustries:Domestic sources:Tobacco smokeMiscellaneous:- a)Pesticide b)Radioactive fallout c)Fertilizer dust d)Mining activity e)Mills and plants Natural sources : Wind fungi Borne dust Bacteria

Air Pollutants Carbon monoxideSulphur dioxide LeadCarbon dioxideHydrocarbonsCadmiumHydrogen sulphideOzonePolynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)Particulate matter

Major Pollutants1. Carbon Monoxide2. Sulfur Dioxide3. Nitrogen Dioxide4. Particulate Matter5. Ground Level Ozone

colorless, odorlessproduced when carbon does not burn in fossil fuelspresent in car exhaustdeprives body of O2 causing headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision

Carbon Monoxide

Sulfur Dioxideproduced when coal and fuel oil are burnedpresent in power plant exhaustnarrows the airway, causing wheezing and shortness of breath, especially in those with asthma

Nitrogen Dioxide reddish, brown gasproduced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmospherepresent in car exhaust and power plantsaffects lungs and causes wheezing; increases chance of respiratory infection

Particular Matterparticles of different sizes and structures that are released into the atmospherepresent in many sources including fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc.can build up in respiratory systemaggravates heart and lung disease; increases risk of respiratory infection

Ground Level Ozoneat upper level, ozone shields Earth from suns harmful UV raysat ground level, ozone is harmful pollutantsformed from car, power and chemical plant exhaustirritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

SMOGCombination of gases with water vapor and dustCombination of words smoke and fog.Forms when heat and sunlight react gases (photochemical smog)Occurs often with heavy traffic, high temperatures, and calm winds

ITS EFFECTS1st smog related deaths were in London in 1873; death toll 500 people; can you imagine how much worse the atmosphere is now?!Limits visibilityDecreases UV radiationYellow/black color over citiesCauses respiratory problems and bronchial related deaths

Monitoring Of Air PollutionINDICATORS:-Sulphur dioxide - concentration in airSmoke or soiling indexGrit & dust measurementCoefficient of haze- amount of smoke or aerosol in airAir pollution index- arbitrary index takes into account one or more pollutants .

Monitoring Of Air Pollution in IndiaNational air quality monitoring programme, sponsored by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) since 1990 has generated data base in major Indian cities.The trend shows Suspended particulate matter exceeds CPCB standards in all cities most of the time through out the year.

Effects Of Air Pollution Health aspects Social & economic aspects Other effects

Health aspects Immediate effects Delayed effects

Respiratory system Chronic bronchitis Acute bronchitis Lung cancer Suffocation Emphysema Bronchial asthma Respiratory allergies

Social & Economic aspectsDestruction of plant & animal life, corrosion of metals, damage to buildings, cost of cleaning & maintenance, repairs. Reduces visibility in towns. It can soil & damage clothing's.

Other Effects of air pollution: Greenhouse effectAcid rainIncreased UV radiationGlobal warming

Green house effect Green houses gases; such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methan etc. Move in and out of the atmosphere. They trap some of heat radiated out from the earth that would normally move out into space. It is natural and is caused by the earths carbon and water cycles & the heat from the sun.

Rain consisting of water droplet that are unusually acidic because of atmospheric pollution most notably the excessive amounts of sulphur & nitrogen released by cars & industrial processes.

Acid rain

Global warmingThe increase of earths average surface temperature due to effect of green house gases , such as carbon dioxide emission form burning fossil flues or from deforestation which trap that would other wise escape from earth.

Indoor air pollution Sources of indoor air pollutants

Pollutant SourcesRespirable particles Tobacco smoke, stove, aerosol spray.Carbon monoxide Combustion equipment, gas heaters.Nitrogen dioxideGas cookers, cigarettesSulphur dioxideCoal combustionCarbon dioxideCombustion, respirationFormaldehydeParticle board, carpet adhesives, insulation Others organic vapours(benzene ,toluene)Solvents, adhesives, aerosol spraysOzoneElectric arcing, UV light sources

Prevention & Control of Air Pollution Containment: 1.Dust collection system 2.Scrubber system Replacement International action Dilution Legislation

So, what can u do?Ride your bike

Tell your friends and family about pollution

Make sure your parents get pollution checks on their cars

Ride the school bus

ContdLearn more; stay up to date

Join a group to stop pollution

Encourage your parents to carpool to work

Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you leave the room

Disinfection of air Mechanical Ventilation Ultraviolet Radiation Chemical Mists Dust Control

THANK YOU