Air Quality Plan in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona

Air Quality Plan in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona

Urban Air Quality. The challenge of non-exhaust road transport emissions

Barcelona, 11 July 2013el Papiol

de Llobregat

Viladecans

Cornellà

el Prat de

Castelldefels

Gavà

Llobregat

l'Hospitaletde Llobregat

de Llobregat

Sant Boide Llobregat

Sant Climentde Llobregat

de LlobregatTorrelles

rana

de CervellóSanta Coloma

DespíSant Joan de Llobregat

EspluguesDesvern

Sant JustSant Feliu

dels HortsSant Vicenç

PallejàMolins de Rei

Castellbisbal

de la BarcaSant Andreu

Barcelona

de GramenetSanta Coloma

Sant Adrià de Besòs

Badalona

Sant Cugat del Vallès

del Vallès

Montcada

T

Cervelló

la Palmade Cervelló

1:154000

N

2

Objectives

Air quality assessmentAffected area definitionAnalyzing the emissions: InventoriesAir quality plan structureSome relevant measures


3

Area of BarcelonaBASIC FIGURES

MUNICIPALITIES INVOLVED: 40 municipalities

AREA: 725 km2 (2,3% CAT; 0,1% ES; 0,02% UE)POPULATION: 4 M habitants (53,1% CAT; 8,5% ES; 0,8% UE)GNP: 136.323 M € (65,0% CAT; 12,7% ES; 1,2% UE)

Density: 5.200 hab/km2

Barcelona city: 16.000 hab/km2

VEHICLE PARC (2008):1.54 milion passenger cars0.49 milion mopeds & motorcycles0.34 milion lorries (HDV & LDV)


4

Assessment of Air Quality concentrations for NO2 and PM10

– PM10 annual mean: 40 µg/m3– PM10 daily mean: 50 µg/m3

(number of PM10 daily mean permitted exceedances: 35)

– NO2 annual mean: 40 µg/m3

Air Quality Objectives:


5

The assessment and management of atmospheric pollution in Catalonia is carried out mainly through the Network of Monitoring and Forecast of the Atmospheric Pollution.

Air Quality Evaluation in Catalonia

More than 9 million annual data

89Municipalities with measurement stations

138Number of monitoring sites

653Number of measured parameters

Statistics at 31 December 2012

Automatic measurement point

Manual measurement point

6

Media anual dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2) - Área de Barcelona

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Med

ia a

nual

NO

2 ( µ

g/m

3 )

Badalona Badalona (Montroig-Ausiàs Marc) Barcelona (Ciutadella) Barcelona (Eixample)Barcelona (Gràcia-Sant Gervasi) Barcelona (Poblenou) Barcelona (Palau Reial) Barcelona (Sants) Barcelona (Parc Vall d'Hebrón) Cornellà de Llobregat El Prat de Llobregat (Pl. de l'esglèsia) El Prat de Llobregat (Jardins de la PaEl Prat de Llobregat (CEM Sagnier) Gavà (c/ Progrés) Gavà (Parc del Mil.lenni) L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Sant Adrià de Besòs Sant Vicenç dels Horts Santa Coloma de Gramenet Viladecans (Atrium)Valor límite anual (40 ug/m3) Media anual NO2 Área de Barcelona

Assessment of Nitrogen Dioxide – Barcelona AreaEvolution of annual means 2000 - 2012

NO2


7

Media anual dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2) - Vallés - Baix Llobregat

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Med

ia a

nual

NO

2 ( µ

g/m

3 )

Barberà del Vallès Granollers (av. Joan Prim) Granollers (Joan Vinyoli) Granollers (c/ Francesc Macià) Martorell Mollet del Vallès (Pista d’Atletisme)Mollet del Vallès (Plaça Pau Casals) Montcada i Reixac PallejàRubí Rubí (Ca'n Oriol) Sabadell (Gran Via)Sabadell (pl. Creu de Barberà) Sant Andreu de la Barca Sant Cugat del Vallès Sant Fost de Campsentelles Sta. Perpètua de Mogoda (Av. Onze de Setembre) Sta. Perpètua de Mogoda (Mercat Municipal)Terrassa Valor límite anual (40 ug/m3) Media anual NO2 Vallés-Baix Llobregat

Assessment of Nitrogen Dioxide – Vallès i Baix LlobregatEvolution of annual means 2000 - 2012


NO2

8

Media anual PM10 - Área de Barcelona

0102030405060708090

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Mitj

ana

anua

l PM

10 (u

g/m

3 )

Badalona (Guàdia Urbana) Badalona (Assemblea de Catalunya) Barcelona (c/ Lluís Solé i Sabarís)Barcelona (Eixample) Barcelona (Gràcia - Sant Gervasi) Barcelona (IES Goya)Barcelona (IES Verdaguer) Barcelona (Vall d'Hebrón) Barcelona (pl. Universitat)Barcelona (Zona Universitària) Barcelona (Sants) Barcelona (Poblenou)Barcelona (Port Vell) Esplugues de Llobregat (esportiu La Plana) Esplugues de Llobregat (CEIP Isidre M artí)Gavà L'Hospitalet de Llobregat M olins de Rei (pl. del M ercat M unicipal)Santa Coloma de Gramenet (A juntament) Sant Feliu de Llobregat (CEIP M artí i Po l) Sant Vicenç dels Horts (Col·legi Sant Josep)El Prat de Llobregat (pl. de l'Església) Sant Feliu de Llobregat (Eugeni d'Ors) M olins de Rei (A juntament)Sant Adrià de Besòs Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Balldovina) Valor límite anual (40 ug/m3)M edia anual Área de Barcelona El Prat de Llobregat (Jardins de la Pau) El Prat de Llobregat (CEM Sagnier)Sant Vicenç dels Horts (Verge del Rocío) Viladecans (Atrium)

Assessment of PM10 – Barcelona AreaEvolution of annual means 2000 - 2012

PM10


9

Media anual PM10 -Vallés - Baix Llobregat

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Mitj

ana

anua

l PM

10 (u

g/m

3 )

Barberà del Vallès (Ajuntament) Caldes de M ontbui (Ajuntament) Castellar del Vallès (Ajuntament)Castellbisbal (av. Pau Casals) Castellbisbal (M irador del Llobregat) Granollers (Vinyoli-Fo ix)M artorell (c/ Canyameres - c/ Sant A. M . Claret) M ollet del Vallès (Pista M unicipal d'Atletisme) M ontcada i Reixac (pl. de Lluís Companys)M ontcada i Reixac (Ajuntament) M ontornès del Vallès (CEIP M arinada) M ontornès del Vallès (pl. del Poble)Pallejà (M ercat M unicipal) Rubí (Ajuntament) Rubí (Ca n'Orio l)Sabadell (Escola Industrial) Sabadell (Gran Via - cra. de Prats) Sant Andreu de la Barca (CEIP Josep Pla)Sant Cugat del Vallès Santa Perpètua de M ogoda Sentmenat (Ajuntament)Terrassa (M ina Pública d'A igües) Terrassa (rambla del Pare A legre) M ontcada i Reixac (Can Sant Joan)M edia anual Vallés-Baix Llobregat Valor límite anual (40 ug/m3) Granollers (c/ Francesc M acià)Rubí (Escardívo l) el Papio l (centre dia Josep Tarradellas)

PM10


Assessment of PM10 – Vallès i Baix LlobregatEvolution of annual means 2000 - 2012

10

PM10


Assessment of PM10 Exceedances of the daily limit value: 2000 - 2012

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

% s

tatio

ns

ZQA 1 ZQA 2

Percentage of stations in each area exceeding the 90.4 percentile used to determine whether or not a point exceeds the daily limit value for PM10.

11

High Road Urban and Interurban Transport Emissions


Source: BCN town council and IDAEA-CSIC

160.000 vehicles/day

Dense framework: lots of streets among 7.000 and 87.000 vehicles/day+ dense architecture

100.000 vehicles/day

In the Special Protected Zone:

High density of vehicles (cars/km2)

Urban planning of the city: dense traffic network in some areas

Around 50% of circulating vehicles in the agglomerating of Barcelona city comes from outside (most of them are diesel)

Important averaged traffic intensities between municipalities in the zone

IMD Total Vehicles IMD HDV

Source ATM (Metropolitan Transport Authority)

12

0102030405060708090

100

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

Parque vehiculos Gasolina Parque vehiuclos DieselMatriculacion vehiculos Gasolina Matriculacion vehiculos Diesel

Vehicle Park vs Registrations: Gasoline & Diesel

Source: ANFAC & ACEA


Passenger cars evolution 2004-2010

Diesel: + 49%

Gasoline: - 12%

Gasoline vehicle parkGasoline vehicles registration

Diesel vehicle parkDiesel vehicles registration

%70%

30%

2010 New registrationsDiesel: 70% vs Gasoline 30%

13

Affected AreaAir Quality Plan in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona

Territorial delimitation of the Air Quality Plan: 40 municipalities of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (regions of Barcelonès, Baix Llobregat, Vallès Oriental and VallèsOccidental) Now all 40 municipalities declared

as protected areas for PM10 and NO2

14

¤3 6 91,5

Km

NOx (t/any)

<1 10 20 40 60 80 90 100 >100

Road transport and mobility emissions:

Road transport emissions come from mobile sources associated with the movement of goods and people:

- Emissions from combustion: NO2, PM10- Emissions of tires, brakes and pavement wear: PM10

Methodology: emission factors using the methodology of calculation specified in EMEP / EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook 2009 (1.A.3.b Road Transport)

Emissions Inventory


15

Aerial Transport 4,7%

Urban Road Transport

23,4%

Industry, combustion &

cogeneration < 50 MWt

25,0%

Interurban Road Transpport

23,9%

Domestic5,0%

Energy > 50 MWt1,6%

Maritime Transport16,4%

47,3% of NOx Emissions due to Road Transport

2008 Inventory of Emissions: NOx


16

Mineral Activities7,5%

Interurban Road Transport

27,2%

Urban Road Transport

17,9%

Aerial Transport 1,5%

Maritime Transport

22,5%

Energy > 50 MWt0,4%

Industry, combustion &

cogeneration < 50 MWt

21,5%

Domèstic1,5%

45,1% of PM10 Emissions due to Road Transport


2008 Inventory of Emissions: PM10

17


Emissions and Immissions MapsEmissions anuals totals de PM 2008

¤

10

PM10 (t/any)

<0.1 0.5 1 10 30 50 70 100 >1000 3 6 91,5Km

Immissions anuals totals de PM 2008

¤0 3 6 91,5

Km

PM (µg/m )3

10

10

<10 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 >100100

Maps of total emisisons for PM10 and immissions concentrations

Model: ADMS-urban

Metodology: EMEP/EEP emission factors (only wear)

Effect of suspended particles (secondary) is not considered

18

Mayor’s commitment for a cleaner air

National Plan

7 Areas

13 Air Quality Objectives

34 long term Measures

Air Quality PlanHorizon 2015

3 measures for Environmental Pollution Episodes

Measures of the GC

Air Quality Plan in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona: structure

19

1. Road Transport and Mobility area:Objective 1: Promoting and encouraging the public urban and interurban transport services.Objective 2: Promoting the modal exchange, the energetic diversification and the rational use of the private vehicle.Objective 3: Greening of the vehicle park.

2. Industrial, Combustion and Cogeneration < 50 MWt area:Objective 4: Fulfillment of the environmental authorizations and sectorialregulationsObjective 5: Encouraging energetic improvements in the Catalan industry.

3. Electrical Generation > 50 MWt area:Objective 6: Electrical generation within air quality criteria.

4. Barcelona - el Prat Airport area:Objective 7: Reducing the emissions of people and goods traffic that accesses in the airport Objective 8: Follow-up of the implantation of the measures to the airport activity emissions.

5 measures

9 measures

5 measures

1 measure

2 measures

1 measure

4 measures

Planned measures at regional level


20

5. Port of Barcelona area:Objective 9: Promoting the train transport of merchandise.Objective 10: Ships controls and inspections managementObjective 11: Follow-up of the electrification of ships working group at local, stateand European level.

6. Domestic and Services area:Objective 12: Improving the energy efficiency or energetic savings.

7. Public Awareness, Education, Information and Communication area:Objective 13: Diffusion of the Action Plan and its measures, to make aware thepopulation about the air quality levels and the need of certain changes of behavior.

1 measure

3 mesures

3 mesures

Planned measures at regional level


21

– Barcelona Metropolitan Area Mobility Plan– Bicycle Plan, Infrastructures Director Plan, Voyagers Transport Plan – Urban Mobility Plans– Workplaces Mobility Plans

– Vehicle Fleet “ecolabel” approved

– Green Purchase Guide approved.

– TMB bus fleet renewal: – 39% GNC.– 40% SCRT.– Hybridization of old diesel and GN buses


Road Transport and Mobility related Plans:

Other measures:

22

Toll discounts in several access to Barcelona city1. High Occupancy Vehicles (+ 3): 40% discount2. Clean Vehicles : 30 % discount if:

Diesel, biodiesel (& hybrids): ≤ 108 g CO2/kmGasoline, bioethanol (& hybrids): ≤ 120 g CO2/kmCNG, LPG & Electric vehicles: all


Road Transport and Mobility Measures

23

Road Transport and Mobility Measures

C-58 High Occupancy Vehicles Lane:1. Only authorized vehicles2. 2 lanes of 6,8 km 3. Mo-Fri: 6:30-13h BCN entrance & 16 h -22h BCN exit4. Weekend & holidays: depending on traffic5. New bus express services allowed6. 80 M€ (EU funds cofinanciation)

•Public transport vehicles (bus, taxi,..)•Passenger cars with more than 2 passengers•Low emission vehicles (ecolabel stick in windscreen)•Motorcycles•Reduced Mobility people’s vehicles

since October 2012


24

Distinctive of environmental quality for vehicle fleets

What is it ?It s a voluntary eco-label that recognizes vehicle fleets with optimum

environmental management beyond required by the regulations. It is awarded by the Government of Catalonia managed by the Ministry of

Territory and Sustainability.It’s a measure of the Barcelona Area Air Quality Plan.

Objectives:1) Reduction of air pollutants emissions (PM10, NO2,…).2) Improve eco-efficiency and sustainability (especially in urban environments).3) Minimize impacts and greenhouse gas emissions from transport.


25


Distinctive of environmental quality for vehicle fleets

There are 8 sub-categories of the vehicle fleet distinctive according to:

1) Type of vehicle: Passenger car, Light Duty Vehicle, Heavy Duty Vehicle, Collective Transport or Special Services.

2) Type of applicant: Freelancer, Company or Institution.

Environmental criteria to obtain the distinctive include mandatory standards and in some cases optional criteria related to:

1) Fleet Management (fuel monthly record,..)2) Efficient driving (training, plans,..)3) Maintenance of vehicles (eco-labeled workshop) 4) Euro standards (minimum)5) Low emissions vehicles (renewal plans)6) Other actions of environmental commitment (ISO, EMAS)

26

Bus upgrades: fleet renewal and retrofit

411 natural gas buses of 1052 at June 2012 (39% of fleet). 500 foreseen for 2017-18 (47% of the fleet)

425 buses with SCRT filters at September 2012 (40% of the fleet) . (90% PM10 and 60% NOx reduction)

TMB bus fleet renovation:

TMB bus fleet retrofit :

Year

2005

812,5

4

Year

2006

720,6

5

Year

2007

662,5

6

Year

2008

616,8

6

Year

2009

546,3

7

Year

2010

491,1

2

Year

2011

300,6

0

Year

2012

estim

201,9

0

0100200300400500600700800900

EMISSIONS EVOLUTION - FLEET TMBt/year NOx

∆ = - 610,64 (- 75%)GNC = - 477,5 t/y (-59%)+SCRT = - 133,1 t/y (-16%)

Year

2005

18,06

Year

2006

15,89

Year

2007

14,62

Year

2008

13,61

Year

2009

11,71

Year

2010

10,22

Year

2011

4,63

Yea

r 201

2 es

tim2,

20

02468

101214161820

EMISSIONS EVOLUTION - FLEET TMBt/year NOx

∆ = - 15,90 (- 88%)GNC = - 11,00 t/y (-61%)+SCRT = - 4,9 t/y (-27%)

Source: TMB


27

Bus upgrades: fleet renewal and retrofit

Compensation from new combined cycle power

plant in Barcelona Harbour

Target for Hybrid buses: 200 at end of 2015 (new & retrofit)

New: 14 new Hybrid diesel buses in service. (Up to 26 at end 2012)

Retrofit old diesel buses into hybrid diesel buses: 1 prototype in service with fuel savings of 25 %. Now 40 buses in service. (Up to 70 retrofit buses at end 2012)

Retrofit old compressed natural gas buses into hybrid buses: 1 prototype in service with fuel savings of 30%.

TMB Hybrid bus fleet increment project:


28

BICING 180 km

420 parking slots122.000 subscribers (June 2012)

More than 47.000 daily users(2,3% of daily journeys in working days)

82.500 daily cycled km (320.000 extra daily cycled km with private bykes)

Road Transport and Mobility Measures: Cycling infraestructure


29

Awareness Measures


3 measures for raising citizens awareness and education

EFFICIENT DRIVING COURSES FOR HDV AND PASSENGER CARS DRIVERS

FUEL SAVES UP TO 25% AT END OF COURSE. CONSOLIDATED 20%

URBAN SPEED INCREASE OF 17%

30

Air Pollution Episode 23 & 24 July 2012Forest Fire

PM10 levels Evolution in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (µg/m3)


Thank you for

your attention

Xavier [email protected]

More information about the Air Quality Plan in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona at: www.airemes.net

Air Quality Plan in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona

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