air pollution_evs.pptx

AIR POLLUTION

Air Pollution is an atmospheric condition in which certain substances (including the normal constituents in excess)are present in concentrations which can cause undesirable effects on man and his environment. These substance include gases,particulate matter ,radioactive substances etc.Air pollutants occur in gaseous form and may be organic or inorganic in nature

SOURCE:Perspectives In Environmental Studies - Anubha Kaushik and C.P.Kaushik

CLASSIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTION

On the basis of origin of pollutants ,they can be classified as :• PRIMARY POLLUTANTSThese are emitted directly from the point source(identifiable source)Eg: Carbon monoxide(CO),oxides of nitrogen(NO2),oxides of sulphur (SO2), hydrocarbons, radioactive substances etc• SECONDARY POLLUTANTSThese are formed by interaction of primary pollutants with other primary pollutants or with some natural constituents of atmosphere Eg: Ozone(O3),peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN),photochemical smog etc

SOURCE:Perspectives In Environmental Studies - Anubha Kaushik and C.P.Kaushik

CAUSES/SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

• NATURAL SOURCESVolcanic eruptions ,forest fires, sea salt sprays, biological decay, photochemical oxidation of terpenes, marshes, extra terrestrial bodies, pollen grains of flowers ,spores etc.• MAN MADE SOURCESIncludes thermal power plants, industrial units, vehicular emissions, fossil fuel burning, agricultural activities etc• THERMAL POWER PLANTSThe main pollutants emitted are fly ash and SO2.

SOURCE:Perspectives In Environmental Studies - Anubha Kaushik and C.P.Kaushik

• VEHICULAR EMISSIONSPollutants like carbon monoxide(CO),unburnt hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulphur, particulate matter ,smoke and odour are emitted by vehicles.Heavy duty diesel vehicles spew more NO2 and suspended particulate matter (SPM) than petrol vehicles which produce more carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons• INDUSTRIAL UNITSIndustries like nuclear power plants,iron and steel, metals and minerals ,pulp and paper,tanneries,textile,chemical,foundry,cement,fertilizer,distilleries,pharmaceutical,mining industries etc. discharge organic pollutants ,particulates ,gaseous pollutants ,hydrocarbons ,volatile organic compounds ,hydrogen sulphide, lead, hazardous waste ,oils and solvents.

SOURCE:Perspectives In Environmental Studies - Anubha Kaushik and C.P.Kaushik

INDOOR AIR POLLUTION

The environment inside buildings ,offices and houses also have several pollutants.The most important indoor air pollutant is radon gas. They are emitted from building materials like bricks, concrete, tiles etc. which are derived from soil containing radium.Incomplete combustion of fuel produces toxic gas called carbon monoxide. Coal contains varying amount of sulphur which on burning produce sulphur dioxide. Burning of fossil fuels produce CO,SO2,soot ,formaldehyde, benzo (a) pyrene (BAP)etc. which are harmful for health.

SOURCE:Perspectives In Environmental Studies - Anubha Kaushik and C.P.Kaushik

EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION

EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTPollutants in the presence of sunlight cause photochemical smog effecting animals and plants. The green house gases emitted by various sources cause global warming and CFCs cause ozone depletionEFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH • Years of exposure to pollutants can adversely effect natural defenses and

cause asthma, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Long exposure to CO may cause dizziness, unconsciousness and even death.

• Many other pollutants like benzene (from unleaded petrol) ,formaldehyde and particulates like polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) toxic metals and dioxins can cause mutations , reproductive problems or even cancer.

• Hazardous materials like asbestos, beryllium, mercury, arsenic and radioactive substances cause lung diseases and effect vital organs like kidney, liver ,spleen ,brain and may also cause cancer.

EFFECTS ON PLANTS• Air pollutants enter through the stomata of plants, destroy chlorophyll and

affect photosynthesis.• Damage to leaf structures cause necrosis – dead areas of leaf , chlorosis-loss

of reduction of chlorophyll causing yellowing of leaf , epinasty - curling of leaf and abscission – dropping of leaves

SOURCE:Perspectives In Environmental Studies - Anubha Kaushik and C.P.Kaushik

EFFECTS ON AQUATIC LIFE Air pollutants mixing up with rain can cause high acidity(lower pH) in fresh water lakes. This affects aquatic life especially fish. Some of the freshwater lakes have experienced total fish death.EFFECTS ON MATERIALSBecause of their corrosiveness, particulates can cause damage to exposed surfaces. Metal parts of buildings ,vehicles, ,bridges, wires and metallic railway tracks are effected.

TAJ MAHALACID RAIN DAMAGE AT COPOLA,MEXICO-bottom right

SOURCE:Perspectives In Environmental Studies - Anubha Kaushik and C.P.Kaushik

MEASURES TO CONTROL AIR POLLUTION

• Minimize activities which cause pollution like transportation and energy production• Modify process and equipments and use appropriate materials• Use low sulphur coal in industries• Remove NOx during combustion process and control the flow of air and fuel in industries• Check vehicular pollution by regular tune up of engines• Replacement of more polluting vehicles• Install catalytic converters to have fuel efficiency and to reduce emission of CO and

hydrocarbons• Use mass transport systems, bicycles etc.• Shift to less polluting clean fuels-hydrogen gas• Use non conventional source of energy• Use biological filters and bio-scrubbers• Plant more trees• Reduce pollution at source

SOURCE:Perspectives In Environmental Studies - Anubha Kaushik and C.P.Kaushik

SANIYYA MUJEEB S9 B-ARCH 11BAR1027

• Anubha Kaushik and C.P.Kaushik ,Perspectives In Environmental Studies• Picture Sourceen.wikipedia.org www.presstv.irwww.intechopen.comwww.mcqbiology.comwww.epa.govwww.slideshare.netwww.windows2universe.orgniehs.nih.govchem-guide.blogspot.comeffect-of-pollution.blogspot.com

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