AIR POLLUTION CONTROL L 10

LL--1010Global warmingGlobal warming

Air Pollution and Control

(Elective-I)

What’s the difference between “global warming”

and “climate change”?

DifferenceDifference

GLOBAL WARMING

is the increase of the Earth’s average surface temperature due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

CLIMATE CHANGE

is a broader term that refers to long-term changes in climate, including average temperature and precipitation.

MUMBAI RAINS

What’s the proof that global What’s the proof that global warming is taking place?warming is taking place?

Portage GlacierPortage Glacier

1914 2004

• Alaska

Photos: NOAA Photo Collection and Gary Braasch – WorldViewOfGlobalWarming.org

Colorado RiverColorado River

• Arizona

June 2002 Dec 2003

Why is global warming Why is global warming happening?happening?

• Among the most important naturally occurring and man-induced greenhouse gases are:

1. Carbon dioxide

2. Water vapour

3. Methane

4. Nitrous oxide

5. Ozone

There are natural concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which work to keep the planet warm.

Burning of Fossil FuelsBurning of Fossil Fuels

Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oilPollution from coal, natural gas, and oilPollution from coal, natural gas, and oil

Greenhouse Gas EmissionsGreenhouse Gas EmissionsPower Plants40% of carbon dioxide emissions stem from the burning of fossil fuels for the purpose of electricity generation

Cars20% of carbon dioxide emissions comes from the burning of gasoline in internal-combustion engines of cars and light trucks with poor gas mileage contribute the most to global warming

Greenhouse effectGreenhouse effect

Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

240 Watt per m3

343 Watt per m3

103 Watt per m3

How Global Warming WorksHow Global Warming Works

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

The Sun’s energy passes through the car’s windshield.

This energy (heat) is trapped inside the car and cannot pass back through the windshield, causing the inside of the car to warm up.

Example of the Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse EffectSun

Here is how this process worksHere is how this process works• The Earth receives its original supply of

shortwave radiation from the Sun

• The Earth then reflects 30% of this solar radiation back into space in its original shortwave form

• The Earth absorbs the remaining 70% of this solar energy and then re-radiates it back into space in the long wave form(infrared radiation)

Earth’s Atmospheric GasesEarth’s Atmospheric GasesNitrogen (N2)

Oxygen (O2)

Water (H2O)

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

>99%

Methane (CH4)

<1%

Non-Greenhouse

Gases

Greenhouse

Gases

Argon (Ar)

Per-capita Carbon –dioxide emission (Metric Tons)

Country in metric tons

USA 20.01

Europe 9.40

Japan 9.87

China 3.60

Russia 11.71

IndiaIndia 1.021.02

World average 4.25

How Much Temperature Increase?How Much Temperature Increase?

• Some models propose up to 9°C increase this century

• Two studies put the minimum at 1.5°C and maximum at 4.5°C or 6.2°C

• Another study puts the minimum at 2.5°C

Wildlife EffectsWildlife Effects• Polar Bears

• Require pack ice to live

• Might eventually go extinct in the wild

• Sea turtles• Breed on the same islands as

their birth

• Could go extinct on some islandsas beaches are flooded

• Other species may go extinct as rainfall patterns change throughout the world

• Polar Bears• Require pack ice to live

• Might eventually go extinct in the wild

• Sea turtles• Breed on the same islands as

their birth

• Could go extinct on some islandsas beaches are flooded

• Other species may go extinct as rainfall patterns change throughout the world

NOT FAR……….

Environmental Effects of Environmental Effects of Global WarmingGlobal Warming

Increased Temperature

Habitat Damage and Species Affected Changes in Water Supply

Rising Sea Level

Effect on HumansEffect on Humans

• Fewer deaths from cold, more from heat

• Decreased thermohaline circulation

• Cooler temperatures in North Atlantic

• CO2 fertilization effect

• Precipitation changes• Droughts and famine (some areas)

• Expanded desert in Canada, Soviet Union

Mitigation of Global Warming

• Conservation• Reduce energy needs

• Recycling

• Alternate energy sources• Nuclear

• Wind

• Geothermal

• Hydroelectric

• Solar

• Fusion?

What Can be Done: AlternativesRenewable Energy Sources

Solar Energies Wind Power Biomass Geothermal

Changes In Vehicle Systems

Hybrid Fuel Cell Battery-Electric

We can stop global warming!

Simple Things To DoSimple Things To Do

Turn off your computer or the TV

when you’re not using it.

Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.

Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades,

or curtains.

Turn off the lights when you leave a room.

Use compact fluorescent bulbs.

Be Bulb SmartBe Bulb Smart——Use CFLsUse CFLs

IncandescentCompact

Fluorescent

saving of coal

What’s the difference?

•CO2 pollution avoided •Money saved

Simple Things To DoSimple Things To DoDress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up

the air conditioning. Or use a fan.

Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning

up the heat.

keep the air filters on your AC and furnace

clean.

Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in

the car.

Plant a tree. Recycle.

Kyoto ProtocolKyoto Protocol• 1997, Kyoto, Japan developed countries

agreed to specific targets for cutting their emissions of greenhouse gases

• Industrialized countries committed to an overall reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases to 5.2% below 1990 levels for the period 2008 - 2012

• Objective is the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system

So Think and act

Objective QuestionsQ1. The earth radiates heat radiation in the form

of ____________________ radiations.

Q2. _____ is main green house gas.

Q3. Burning of ______________ is main source of green house gases.

Q4. Use of __________ lamps reduces electricity.

Q5. Under __________________ protocol developed countries agreed to specific targets for cutting their emissions of greenhouse gases

Theory Questions

Q1. Write a note on ‘global warming’.

Q2. What are causes of green house effect? How you can minimize the same?