- 1. AIR OPSAIR OPERATIONSCOMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT(Aeroplanes and
Helicopters)First issue May 2013AIR OPS Commercial Air
TransportCommission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 of 05 October
2012laying down technical requirements and administrative
procedures related to air operations pursuant to Regulation (EC) No
216/2008of the European Parliament and of the CouncilInitially
published on 25.10.2012, Official Journal L 296+ related EASA
Decisions(AMC&GM)ED Decision 2012/015/R (GM to Definitions for
terms used in Annexes II-V (OPS - Annex I))ED Decision 2012/016/R
(AMC and GM to Part-ARO (OPS - Annex II))ED Decision 2012/017/R
(AMC and GM to Part-ORO (OPS - Annex III))ED Decision 2012/018/R
(AMC and GM to Part-CAT (OPS - Annex IV))ED Decision 2012/019/R
(AMC and GM to Part-SPA (OPS - Annex V))
2. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answersto your
questions about the European UnionFreephone number (*):00 800 6 7 8
9 10 11(*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access
to 00 800 numbers orthese calls may be billed.More information on
the European Union is available on the Internet
(http://europa.eu).Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this
publication.Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union,
2013ISBN 978-92-9210-150-3doi:10.2822/42097 European Aviation
Safety Agency (EASA), 2013Reproduction is authorised provided the
source is acknowledged.Layout by EASA. 3. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May
2013 Dear Reader,Dear Reader3 | AIR OPSDear Reader,We are pleased
to confirm that the EASA Technical Publications are becoming more
known andalso more successful. 2013 starts with two new
productions, AIR OPS and Part-21. This AIR OPSversion you are
looking at contains the first package of all adopted OPS rules in
the TechnicalPublications format. It includes Definitions,
Authority Requirements, Organisation Requirements,Commercial Air
Transport, and Specific Approvals. The upcoming Annexes that are
yet to beadopted will also be published in the Technical
Publications format on a CD.The Agencys 3 other Technical
Publications of 2012 Part-M, Part-145 and Part-66 arealso available
for our stakeholders. In 2013 and beyond, there will be additional
new TechnicalPublications in the various technical fields.Cologne,
May 2013 Patrick GoudouExecutive Director, EASA 4. AIR OPS and
AMC/GM May 2013 DisclaimerDisclaimerThis AIR OPS consolidated
version has been prepared by the Agency in order to provide
stakeholders with an updated andeasy-to-read publication. It has
been prepared by combining the officially published corresponding
text of the regulationand all amendments together with the
acceptable means of compliance and guidance material adopted so
far. However,this is not an official publication and the Agency
accepts no liability for damage of any kind resulting from the
risks inher-entin the use of this document.Officially published
documents, used to amalgamate all the elements into this
consolidated version, may be found on theAgencys webpage
www.easa.europa.euThe format of this publication has been adjusted
in order to make it easier to read and for reference purposes.
Readers areinvited and encouraged to report to
[email protected] any perceived errors or comments relating to
this publication.The footnotes in this consolidated version of AIR
OPS have not preserved the same numbering as the footnotes in
theoriginal documents because the regulation and its related
acceptable means of compliance and guidance materials havecombined
into a single unit. However, the references in the footnotes have
not changed.4 | AIR OPS 5. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Key to use
of document5 | AIR OPSKey to use of documentImplementing Rule
(nocoloured bar on the sideof the page)AMC Acceptable Means
ofCompliance [pages with thickyellow bars (light grey)]GM Guidance
Material[pages with thick green bars(dark grey)]AIR OPS and AMC/GM
January 2013 ANNEX II Part-AROAIR OPS and AMC/GM January 2013 ANNEX
II Part-AROAIR OPS and AMC/GM January 2013 ANNEX II Part-AROAIR OPS
ARO GENGM1 ARO.GEN.300(a); (b);(c) OversightGENERAL(a)
Responsibility for the conduct of safe operations lies with the
organisation. Under these provisions a posi-tivemove is made
towards devolving upon the organisation a share of the
responsibility for monitoringthe safety of operations. The
objective cannot be attained unless organisations are prepared to
accept theimplications of this policy including that of committing
the necessary resources to its implementation. Cru-cialto the
success of the policy is the content of Part-ORO, which requires
the establishment of a manage-mentsystem by the organisation.(b)
The competent authority should continue to assess the organisations
compliance with the applicablerequirements, including the eff
ectiveness of the management system. If the management system is
judgedto have failed in its eff ectiveness, then this in itself is
a breach of the requirements which may, among oth-ers,call into
question the validity of a certifi cate, if applicable.(c) The
accountable manager is accountable to the competent authority as
well as to those who may appointhim/her. It follows that the
competent authority cannot accept a situation in which the
accountable man-ageris denied suffi cient funds, manpower or infl
uence to rectify defi ciencies identifi ed by the
managementsystem.GM1 ARO.GEN.300(d) OversightACTIVITIES WITHIN THE
TERRITORY OF THE MEMBER STATE(a) Activities performed in the
territory of the Member State by persons or organisations
established or resid-ingin another Member State include:AIR OPS ARO
GENAMC1 ARO.GEN.305(b) Oversight programmeSPECIFIC NATURE AND
COMPLEXITY OF THE ORGANISATION, RESULTS OF PAST OVERSIGHT(a) When
determining the oversight programme for an organisation the
competent authority should considerin particular the following
elements, as applicable:(1) the implementation by the organisation
of industry standards, directly relevant to the
organisationsactivity subject to this Regulation;(2) the procedure
applied for and scope of changes not requiring prior approval;(3)
specifi c approvals held by the organisation;(4) specifi c
procedures implemented by the organisation related to any
alternative means of complianceused.(b) For the purpose of
assessing the complexity of an organisations management system,
AMC1 ORO.GEN.200(b) should be used.(c) Regarding results of past
oversight, the competent authority should also take into account
relevant resultsof ramp inspections of organisations it has certifi
ed that were performed in other Member States in accord-ancewith
ARO.RAMP.AIR OPS ARO GENARO.GEN.350 Findings and corrective actions
organisations(a) The competent authority for oversight in
accordance with ARO.GEN.300 (a) shall have a system to analysefi
ndings for their safety signifi cance.(b) A level 1 fi nding shall
be issued by the competent authority when any signifi cant
non-compliance isdetected with the applicable requirements of
Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules,with the
organisations procedures and manuals or with the terms of an
approval or certifi cate which low-erssafety or seriously hazards
fl ight safety.The level 1 fi ndings shall include:(1) failure to
give the competent authority access to the organisations facilities
as defi ned in ORO.GEN.140during normal operating hours and after
two written requests;(2) obtaining or maintaining the validity of
the organisation certifi cate by falsifi cation of submitted
docu-mentaryevidence;(3) evidence of malpractice or fraudulent use
of the organisation certifi cate; and(4) the lack of an accountable
manager.(c) A level 2 fi nding shall be issued by the competent
authority when any non-compliance is detected with theapplicable
requirements of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing
Rules, with the organisa-tionsprocedures and manuals or with the
terms of an approval or certifi cate which could lower safety
orAnnex number andPart of the ruleSubpart of the rule 6. European
Aviation Safety AgencyCONSOLIDATED DOCUMENTOF ANNEX I DEFINITIONS
FOR TERMS USEDIN ANNEXES IIVImplementing Rule, Acceptable Meansof
Compliance and Guidance MaterialFirst edition: May 2013 7. AIR OPS
and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-DefinitionsContentsDear Reader
............................................................................................................................................................
3Disclaimer
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4Key to use of document
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5ANNEX IDefinitions for terms used in Annexes II-V
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9GM1 Annex I Definitions
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16GM2 Annex I Definitions
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17GM3 Annex I Definitions
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25GM4 Annex I Definitions
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25GM5 Annex I Definitions
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25GM6 Annex I Definitions
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25GM7 Annex I Definitions
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25GM8 Annex I Definitions
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25GM9 Annex I Definitions
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26GM10 Annex I Definitions
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268 | AIR OPS 8. AIR OPS DefinitionsAIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013
Annex I Part-Definitions9 | DEFANNEX IDefi nitions for terms used
in Annexes II-VFor the purpose of this Regulation, the following
defi nitions shall apply:1. Accelerate-stop distance available
(ASDA) means the length of the take-off run available plus the
lengthof stopway, if such stopway is declared available by the
State of the aerodrome and is capable of bearingthe mass of the
aeroplane under the prevailing operating conditions.2. Acceptable
Means of Compliance (AMC) means non-binding standards adopted by
the Agency to illus-tratemeans to establish compliance with
Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules.3.
Acceptance checklist means a document used to assist in carrying
out a check on the external appear-anceof packages of dangerous
goods and their associated documents to determine that all
appropriaterequirements have been met with.4. Adequate aerodrome
means an aerodrome on which the aircraft can be operated, taking
account of theapplicable performance requirements and runway
characteristics.5. For the purpose of passenger classifi cation:(a)
adult means a person of an age of 12 years and above;(b)
child/children means persons who are of an age of two years and
above but who are less than 12years of age;(c) infant means a
person under the age of two years.6. Aeroplane means an
engine-driven fi xed-wing aircraft heavier than air that is
supported in fl ight by thedynamic reaction of the air against its
wings.7. Aided night vision imaging system (NVIS) fl ight means, in
the case of NVIS operations, that portion ofa visual fl ight rules
(VFR) fl ight performed at night when a crew member is using night
vision goggles(NVG).8. Aircraft means a machine that can derive
support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air otherthan
the reactions of the air against the earths surface.9. Alternative
means of compliance mean those means that propose an alternative to
an existing Accept-ableMeans of Compliance or those that propose
new means to establish compliance with Regulation(EC) No 216/2008
and its Implementing Rules for which no associated AMC have been
adopted by theAgency.10. Anti-icing, in the case of ground
procedures, means a procedure that provides protection against
theformation of frost or ice and accumulation of snow on treated
surfaces of the aircraft for a limited periodof time (hold-over
time).11. Cabin crew member means an appropriately qualifi ed crew
member, other than a fl ight crew or techni-calcrew member, who is
assigned by an operator to perform duties related to the safety of
passengersand fl ight during operations.12. Category I (CAT I)
approach operation means a precision instrument approach and
landing using aninstrument landing system (ILS), microwave landing
system (MLS), GLS (ground-based augmented globalnavigation
satellite system (GNSS/GBAS) landing system), precision approach
radar (PAR) or GNSS usinga satellite-based augmentation system
(SBAS) with a decision height (DH) not lower than 200 ft and witha
runway visual range (RVR) not less than 550 m for aeroplanes and
500 m for helicopters.13. Category II (CAT II) operation means a
precision instrument approach and landing operation using ILS orMLS
with:(a) DH below 200 ft but not lower than 100 ft; and(b) RVR of
not less than 300 m.14. Category IIIA (CAT IIIA) operation means a
precision instrument approach and landing operation usingILS or MLS
with:(a) DH lower than 100 ft; and 9. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013
Annex I Part-Definitions(b) RVR not less than 200 m.15. Category
IIIB (CAT IIIB) operation means a precision instrument approach and
landing operation usingILS or MLS with:(a) DH lower than 100 ft, or
no DH; and(b) RVR lower than 200 m but not less than 75 m.10 | DEF
AIR OPS Definitions16. Category A with respect to helicopters means
a multi-engined helicopter designed with engine andsystem isolation
features specifi ed in the applicable airworthiness codes and
capable of operations usingtake-off and landing data scheduled
under a critical engine failure concept that assures adequate
desig-natedsurface area and adequate performance capability for
continued safe fl ight or safe rejected take-offin the event of
engine failure.17. Category B with respect to helicopters means a
single-engined or multi-engined helicopter that doesnot meet
Category A standards. Category B helicopters have no guaranteed
capability to continue safefl ight in the event of an engine
failure, and unscheduled landing is assumed.18. Certifi cation
Specifi cations (CS) mean technical standards adopted by the Agency
indicating means toshow compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008
and its Implementing Rules and which can be usedby an organisation
for the purpose of certifi cation.19. Circling means the visual
phase of an instrument approach to bring an aircraft into position
for landingon a runway/FATO that is not suitably located for a
straight-in approach.20. Clearway means a defi ned rectangular area
on the ground or water under the control of the
appropriateauthority, selected or prepared as a suitable area over
which an aeroplane may make a portion of its initialclimb to a
specifi ed height.21. Cloud base means the height of the base of
the lowest observed or forecast cloud element in the vicin-ityof an
aerodrome or operating site or within a specifi ed area of
operations, normally measured aboveaerodrome elevation or, in the
case of off shore operations, above mean sea level.22. Code share
means an arrangement under which an operator places its designator
code on a fl ight oper-atedby another operator, and sells and
issues tickets for that fl ight.23. Congested area means in
relation to a city, town or settlement, any area which is
substantially used forresidential, commercial or recreational
purposes.24. Contaminated runway means a runway of which more than
25% of the runway surface area within therequired length and width
being used is covered by the following:(a) surface water more than
3 mm (0.125 in) deep, or by slush, or loose snow, equivalent to
more than3 mm (0.125 in) of water;(b) snow which has been
compressed into a solid mass which resists further compression and
will holdtogether or break into lumps if picked up (compacted
snow); or(c) ice, including wet ice.25. Contingency fuel means the
fuel required to compensate for unforeseen factors that could have
aninfl uence on the fuel consumption to the destination
aerodrome.26. Continuous descent fi nal approach (CDFA) means a
technique, consistent with stabilised approach pro-cedures,for fl
ying the fi nal-approach segment of a non-precision instrument
approach procedure as acontinuous descent, without level-off , from
an altitude/height at or above the fi nal approach fi x
altitude/height to a point approximately 15 m (50 ft) above the
landing runway threshold or the point where thefl are manoeuvre
shall begin for the type of aircraft fl own.27. Converted
meteorological visibility (CMV) means a value, equivalent to an
RVR, which is derived fromthe reported meteorological
visibility.28. Crew member means a person assigned by an operator
to perform duties on board an aircraft.29. Critical phases of fl
ight in the case of aeroplanes means the take-off run, the take-off
fl ight path, the fi nalapproach, the missed approach, the landing,
including the landing roll, and any other phases of fl ight
asdetermined by the pilot-in-command or commander.30. Critical
phases of fl ight in the case of helicopters means taxiing,
hovering, take-off , fi nal approach,missed approach, the landing
and any other phases of fl ight as determined by the
pilot-in-command orcommander.31. Damp runway means a runway where
the surface is not dry, but when the moisture on it does not giveit
a shiny appearance. 10. 11 | DEFAIR OPS DefinitionsAIR OPS and
AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions32. Dangerous goods (DG)
means articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to
health, safety,property or the environment and which are shown in
the list of dangerous goods in the Technical Instruc-tionsor which
are classifi ed according to those Instructions.33. Dangerous goods
accident means an occurrence associated with and related to the
transport of danger-ousgoods by air which results in fatal or
serious injury to a person or major property damage.34. Dangerous
goods incident means:(a) an occurrence other than a dangerous goods
accident associated with and related to the transportof dangerous
goods by air, not necessarily occurring on board an aircraft, which
results in injury toa person, property damage, fi re, breakage,
spillage, leakage of fl uid or radiation or other evidencethat the
integrity of the packaging has not been maintained;(b) any
occurrence relating to the transport of dangerous goods which
seriously jeopardises an air-craftor its occupants.35. De-icing, in
the case of ground procedures, means a procedure by which frost,
ice, snow or slush isremoved from an aircraft in order to provide
uncontaminated surfaces.36. Defi ned point after take-off (DPATO)
means the point, within the take-off and initial climb phase,
beforewhich the helicopters ability to continue the fl ight safely,
with the critical engine inoperative, is notassured and a forced
landing may be required.37. Defi ned point before landing (DPBL)
means the point within the approach and landing phase, afterwhich
the helicopters ability to continue the fl ight safely, with the
critical engine inoperative, is notassured and a forced landing may
be required.38. Distance DR means the horizontal distance that the
helicopter has travelled from the end of the take-offdistance
available.39. Dry lease agreement means an agreement between
undertakings pursuant to which the aircraft is oper-atedunder the
air operator certifi cate (AOC) of the lessee.40. Dry operating
mass means the total mass of the aircraft ready for a specifi c
type of operation, excludingusable fuel and traffi c load.41. Dry
runway means a runway which is neither wet nor contaminated, and
includes those paved runwayswhich have been specially prepared with
grooves or porous pavement and maintained to retain eff
ec-tivelydry braking action even when moisture is present.42.
Elevated fi nal approach and take-off area (elevated FATO) means a
FATO that is at least 3 m above thesurrounding surface.43. En-route
alternate (ERA) aerodrome means an adequate aerodrome along the
route, which may berequired at the planning stage.44. Enhanced
vision system (EVS) means a system to display electronic real-time
images of the externalscene achieved through the use of imaging
sensors.45. Final approach and take-off area (FATO) means a defi
ned area for helicopter operations, over whichthe fi nal phase of
the approach manoeuvre to hover or land is completed, and from
which the take-offmanoeuvre is commenced. In the case of
helicopters operating in performance class 1, the defi ned
areaincludes the rejected take-off area available.46. Flight data
monitoring (FDM) means the proactive and non-punitive use of
digital fl ight data from rou-tineoperations to improve aviation
safety.47. Flight simulation training device (FSTD) means a
training device which is:(a) in the case of aeroplanes, a full fl
ight simulator (FFS), a fl ight training device (FTD), a fl ight
andnavigation procedures trainer (FNPT), or a basic instrument
training device (BITD);(b) in the case of helicopters, a full fl
ight simulator (FFS), a fl ight training device (FTD) or a fl ight
andnavigation procedures trainer (FNPT).48. Fuel ERA aerodrome
means an ERA aerodrome selected for the purpose of reducing
contingency fuel.49. GBAS landing system (GLS) means an approach
landing system using ground based augmented globalnavigation
satellite system (GNSS/GBAS) information to provide guidance to the
aircraft based on its lat-eraland vertical GNSS position. It uses
geometric altitude reference for its fi nal approach slope.50.
Ground emergency service personnel means any ground emergency
service personnel (such as police-men,fi remen, etc.) involved with
helicopter emergency medical services (HEMSs) and whose tasks are
toany extent pertinent to helicopter operations. 11. AIR OPS and
AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions51. Grounding means the
formal prohibition of an aircraft to take-off and the taking of
such steps as arenecessary to detain it.52. Head-up display (HUD)
means a display system which presents fl ight information to the
pilots forwardexternal fi eld of view and which does not signifi
cantly restrict the external view.53. Head-up guidance landing
system (HUDLS) means the total airborne system that provides
head-up12 | DEF AIR OPS Definitionsguidance to the pilot during the
approach and landing and/or missed approach procedure. It includes
allsensors, computers, power supplies, indications and controls.54.
Helicopter means a heavier-than-air aircraft supported in fl ight
chiefl y by the reactions of the air on oneor more power-driven
rotors on substantially vertical axes.55. Helicopter hoist
operation (HHO) crew member means a technical crew member who
performs assignedduties relating to the operation of a hoist.56.
Helideck means a FATO located on a fl oating or fi xed off shore
structure.57. HEMS crew member means a technical crew member who is
assigned to a HEMS fl ight for the purposeof attending to any
person in need of medical assistance carried in the helicopter and
assisting the pilotduring the mission.58. HEMS fl ight means a fl
ight by a helicopter operating under a HEMS approval, the purpose
of which is tofacilitate emergency medical assistance, where
immediate and rapid transportation is essential, by carry-ing:(a)
medical personnel;(b) medical supplies (equipment, blood, organs,
drugs); or(c) ill or injured persons and other persons directly
involved.59. HEMS operating base means an aerodrome at which the
HEMS crew members and the HEMS helicoptermay be on stand-by for
HEMS operations.60. HEMS operating site means a site selected by
the commander during a HEMS fl ight for helicopter hoistoperations,
landing and take-off .61. HHO fl ight means a fl ight by a
helicopter operating under an HHO approval, the purpose of which is
tofacilitate the transfer of persons and/or cargo by means of a
helicopter hoist.62. HHO off shore means a fl ight by a helicopter
operating under an HHO approval, the purpose of whichis to
facilitate the transfer of persons and/or cargo by means of a
helicopter hoist from or to a vessel orstructure in a sea area or
to the sea itself.63. HHO passenger means a person who is to be
transferred by means of a helicopter hoist.64. HHO site means a
specifi ed area at which a helicopter performs a hoist transfer.65.
Hold-over time (HoT) means the estimated time the anti-icing fl uid
will prevent the formation of ice andfrost and the accumulation of
snow on the protected (treated) surfaces of an aeroplane.66.
Hostile environment means:(a) an environment in which:(i) a safe
forced landing cannot be accomplished because the surface is
inadequate;(ii) the helicopter occupants cannot be adequately
protected from the elements;(iii) search and rescue
response/capability is not provided consistent with anticipated
exposure;or(iv) there is an unacceptable risk of endangering
persons or property on the ground.(b) in any case, the following
areas:(i) for overwater operations, the open sea areas North of 45N
and South of 45S designated bythe authority of the State
concerned;(ii) those parts of a congested area without adequate
safe forced landing areas.67. Landing decision point (LDP) means
the point used in determining landing performance from which,an
engine failure having been recognised at this point, the landing
may be safely continued or a balkedlanding initiated.68. Landing
distance available (LDA) means the length of the runway which is
declared available by theState of the aerodrome and suitable for
the ground run of an aeroplane landing. 12. 13 | DEFAIR OPS
DefinitionsAIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions69.
Landplane means a fi xed wing aircraft which is designed for taking
off and landing on land and includesamphibians operated as
landplanes.70. Local helicopter operation means a commercial air
transport operation of helicopters with a maximumcertifi ed
take-off mass (MCTOM) over 3 175 kg and a maximum operational
passenger seating confi gura-tion(MOPSC) of nine or less, by day,
over routes navigated by reference to visual landmarks,
conductedwithin a local and defi ned geographical area specifi ed
in the operations manual.71. Low visibility procedures (LVP) means
procedures applied at an aerodrome for the purpose of ensuringsafe
operations during lower than Standard Category I, other than
Standard Category II, Category II andIII approaches and low
visibility take-off s.72. Low visibility take-off (LVTO) means a
take-off with an RVR lower than 400 m but not less than 75 m.73.
Lower than Standard Category I (LTS CAT I) operation means a
Category I instrument approach andlanding operation using Category
I DH, with an RVR lower than would normally be associated with
theapplicable DH but not lower than 400 m.74. Maximum operational
passenger seating confi guration (MOPSC) means the maximum
passenger seat-ingcapacity of an individual aircraft, excluding
crew seats, established for operational purposes andspecifi ed in
the operations manual. Taking as a baseline the maximum passenger
seating confi gurationestablished during the certifi cation process
conducted for the type certifi cate (TC), supplemental typecertifi
cate (STC) or change to the TC or STC as relevant to the individual
aircraft, the MOPSC may establishan equal or lower number of seats,
depending on the operational constraints.75. Medical passenger
means a medical person carried in a helicopter during a HEMS fl
ight, including butnot limited to doctors, nurses and
paramedics.76. Night means the period between the end of evening
civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twi-lightor such
other period between sunset and sunrise as may be prescribed by the
appropriate authority,as defi ned by the Member State.77. Night
vision goggles (NVG) means a head-mounted, binocular, light
intensifi cation appliance thatenhances the ability to maintain
visual surface references at night.78. Night vision imaging system
(NVIS) means the integration of all elements required to
successfully andsafely use NVGs while operating a helicopter. The
system includes as a minimum: NVGs, NVIS lighting,helicopter
components, training and continuing airworthiness.79. Non-hostile
environment means an environment in which:(a) a safe forced landing
can be accomplished;(b) the helicopter occupants can be protected
from the elements; and(c) search and rescue response/capability is
provided consistent with the anticipated exposure.In any case,
those parts of a congested area with adequate safe forced landing
areas shall be considerednon-hostile.80. Non-precision approach
(NPA) operation means an instrument approach with a minimum
descentheight (MDH), or DH when fl ying a CDFA technique, not lower
than 250 ft and an RVR/CMV of not lessthan 750 m for aeroplanes and
600 m for helicopters.81. NVIS crew member means a technical crew
member assigned to an NVIS fl ight.82. NVIS fl ight means a fl ight
under night visual meteorological conditions (VMC) with the fl ight
crew usingNVGs in a helicopter operating under an NVIS approval.83.
Off shore operations means operations which routinely have a
substantial proportion of the fl ight con-ductedover sea areas to
or from off shore locations.84. Operating site means a site, other
than an aerodrome, selected by the operator or pilot-in-command
orcommander for landing, take-off and/or external load
operations.85. Operation in performance class 1 means an operation
that, in the event of failure of the critical engine,the helicopter
is able to land within the rejected take-off distance available or
safely continue the fl ight toan appropriate landing area,
depending on when the failure occurs.86. Operation in performance
class 2 means an operation that, in the event of failure of the
critical engine,performance is available to enable the helicopter
to safely continue the fl ight, except when the failureoccurs early
during the take-off manoeuvre or late in the landing manoeuvre, in
which cases a forcedlanding may be required. 13. AIR OPS and AMC/GM
May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions87. Operation in performance class
3 means an operation that, in the event of an engine failure at any
timeduring the fl ight, a forced landing may be required in a
multi-engined helicopter and will be required ina single-engined
helicopter.88. Operational control means the responsibility for the
initiation, continuation, termination or diversion ofa fl ight in
the interest of safety.14 | DEF AIR OPS Definitions89. Other than
Standard Category II (OTS CAT II) operation means a precision
instrument approach andlanding operation using ILS or MLS where
some or all of the elements of the precision approach categoryII
light system are not available, and with:(a) DH below 200 ft but
not lower than 100 ft; and(b) RVR of not less than 350 m.90.
Performance class A aeroplanes means multi-engined aeroplanes
powered by turbo-propeller engineswith an MOPSC of more than nine
or a maximum take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg, and all
multi-enginedturbo-jet powered aeroplanes.91. Performance class B
aeroplanes means aeroplanes powered by propeller engines with an
MOPSC of nineor less and a maximum take-off mass of 5 700 kg or
less.92. Performance class C aeroplanes means aeroplanes powered by
reciprocating engines with an MOPSC ofmore than nine or a maximum
take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg.93. Pilot-in-command means the
pilot designated as being in command and charged with the safe
conductof the fl ight. For the purpose of commercial air transport
operations, the pilot-in-command shall betermed the commander.94.
Principal place of business means the head offi ce or registered
offi ce of the organisation within whichthe principal fi nancial
functions and operational control of the activities referred to in
this Regulation areexercised.95. Prioritisation of ramp inspections
means the dedication of an appropriate portion of the total number
oframp inspections conducted by or on behalf of a competent
authority on an annual basis as provided inPart-ARO.96. Public
interest site (PIS) means a site used exclusively for operations in
the public interest.97. Ramp inspection means the inspection of
aircraft, of fl ight and cabin crew qualifi cations and of fl
ightdocumentation in order to verify the compliance with the
applicable requirements.98. Rectifi cation interval means a
limitation on the duration of operations with inoperative
equipment.99. Rejected take-off distance available (RTODAH) means
the length of the fi nal approach and take-off areadeclared
available and suitable for helicopters operated in performance
class 1 to complete a rejectedtake-off .100. Rejected take-off
distance required (RTODRH) means the horizontal distance required
from the start ofthe take-off to the point where the helicopter
comes to a full stop following an engine failure and rejec-tionof
the take-off at the take-off decision point.101. Runway visual
range (RVR) means the range over which the pilot of an aircraft on
the centre line of arunway can see the runway surface markings or
the lights delineating the runway or identifying its
centreline.102. Safe forced landing means an unavoidable landing or
ditching with a reasonable expectancy of no inju-riesto persons in
the aircraft or on the surface.103. Seaplane means a fi xed wing
aircraft which is designed for taking off and landing on water and
includesamphibians operated as seaplanes.104. Separate runways
means runways at the same aerodrome that are separate landing
surfaces. Theserunways may overlay or cross in such a way that if
one of the runways is blocked, it will not prevent theplanned type
of operations on the other runway. Each runway shall have a
separate approach procedurebased on a separate navigation aid.105.
Special VFR fl ight means a VFR fl ight cleared by air traffi c
control to operate within a control zone inmeteorological
conditions below VMC.106. Stabilised approach (SAp) means an
approach that is fl own in a controlled and appropriate manner
interms of confi guration, energy and control of the fl ight path
from a pre-determined point or altitude/height down to a point 50
ft above the threshold or the point where the fl are manoeuvre is
initiated ifhigher. 14. 15 | DEFAIR OPS DefinitionsAIR OPS and
AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions107. Take-off alternate
aerodrome means an alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft can
land should thisbecome necessary shortly after take-off and if it
is not possible to use the aerodrome of departure.108. Take-off
decision point (TDP) means the point used in determining take-off
performance from which, anengine failure having been recognised at
this point, either a rejected take-off may be made or a
take-offsafely continued.109. Take-off distance available (TODA) in
the case of aeroplanes means the length of the take-off run
avail-ableplus the length of the clearway, if provided.110.
Take-off distance available (TODAH) in the case of helicopters
means the length of the fi nal approachand take-off area plus, if
provided, the length of helicopter clearway declared available and
suitable forhelicopters to complete the take-off .111. Take-off
distance required (TODRH) in the case of helicopters means the
horizontal distance requiredfrom the start of the take-off to the
point at which take-off safety speed (VTOSS), a selected height and
apositive climb gradient are achieved, following failure of the
critical engine being recognised at the TDP,the remaining engines
operating within approved operating limits.112. Take-off fl ight
path means the vertical and horizontal path, with the critical
engine inoperative, from aspecifi ed point in the take-off for
aeroplanes to 1 500 ft above the surface and for helicopters to 1
000 ftabove the surface.113. Take-off mass means the mass including
everything and everyone carried at the commencement of thetake-off
for helicopters and take-off run for aeroplanes.114. Take-off run
available (TORA) means the length of runway that is declared
available by the State of theaerodrome and suitable for the ground
run of an aeroplane taking off .115. Technical crew member means a
crew member in commercial air transport HEMS, HHO or NVIS
opera-tionsother than a fl ight or cabin crew member, assigned by
the operator to duties in the aircraft or on theground for the
purpose of assisting the pilot during HEMS, HHO or NVIS operations,
which may requirethe operation of specialised on-board
equipment.116. Technical Instructions (TI) means the latest eff
ective edition of the Technical Instructions for the SafeTransport
of Dangerous Goods by Air, including the Supplement and any
Addenda, approved and pub-lishedby the International Civil Aviation
Organisation.117. Traffi c load means the total mass of passengers,
baggage, cargo and carry-on specialist equipment,including any
ballast.118. Unaided NVIS fl ight means, in the case of NVIS
operations, that portion of a VFR fl ight performed at nightwhen a
crew member is not using NVG.119. Undertaking means any natural or
legal person, whether profi t-making or not, or any offi cial
bodywhether having its own personality or not.120. V1 means the
maximum speed in the take-off at which the pilot must take the fi
rst action to stop theaeroplane within the accelerate-stop
distance. V1 also means the minimum speed in the take-off ,
fol-lowinga failure of the critical engine at VEF, at which the
pilot can continue the take-off and achieve therequired height
above the take-off surface within the take-off distance.121. VEF
means the speed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail
during take-off .122. Visual approach means an approach when either
part or all of an instrument approach procedure is notcompleted and
the approach is executed with visual reference to the terrain.123.
Wet lease agreement means an agreement between air carriers
pursuant to which the aircraft is oper-atedunder the AOC of the
lessor.124. Wet runway means a runway of which the surface is
covered with water, or equivalent, less than speci-fied by the
contaminated runway defi nition or when there is suffi cient
moisture on the runway surfaceto cause it to appear refl ective,
but without signifi cant areas of standing water. 15. AIR OPS and
AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-DefinitionsGM1 Annex I Defi
nitionsDEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE
AND GUIDANCE MATERIALFor the purpose of Acceptable Means of
Compliance and Guidance Material to Regulation (EU) No 965/2012
[airoperations], the following defi nitions should apply:(a)
Committal point means the point in the approach at which the pilot
fl ying decides that, in the event of16 | DEF AIR OPS Definitionsan
engine failure being recognised, the safest option is to continue
to the elevated fi nal approach andtake-off area (elevated
FATO).(b) Emergency locator transmitter is a generic term
describing equipment that broadcasts distinctive sig-nalson
designated frequencies and, depending on application, may be
activated by impact or may bemanually activated.(c) Exposure time
means the actual period during which the performance of the
helicopter with the criti-calengine inoperative in still air does
not guarantee a safe forced landing or the safe continuation of
thefl ight.(d) Fail-operational fl ight control system means a fl
ight control system with which, in the event of a failurebelow
alert height, the approach, fl are and landing can be completed
automatically. In the event of afailure, the automatic landing
system will operate as a fail-passive system.(e) Fail-operational
hybrid landing system means a system that consists of a primary
fail-passive automaticlanding system and a secondary independent
guidance system enabling the pilot to complete a landingmanually
after failure of the primary system.(f) Fail-passive fl ight
control system: a fl ight control system is fail-passive if, in the
event of a failure, thereis no signifi cant out-of-trim condition
or deviation of fl ight path or attitude but the landing is not
com-pletedautomatically. For a fail-passive automatic fl ight
control system the pilot assumes control of theaeroplane after a
failure.(g) Flight control system in the context of low visibility
operations means a system that includes an auto-maticlanding system
and/or a hybrid landing system.(h) HEMS dispatch centre means a
place where, if established, the coordination or control of the
helicopteremergency medical service (HEMS) fl ight takes place. It
may be located in a HEMS operating base.(i) Hybrid head-up display
landing system (hybrid HUDLS) means a system that consists of a
primary fail-passiveautomatic landing system and a secondary
independent HUD/HUDLS enabling the pilot to com-pletea landing
manually after failure of the primary system.(j) Landing distance
available (LDAH) means the length of the fi nal approach and
take-off area plus anyadditional area declared available by the
State of the aerodrome and suitable for helicopters to completethe
landing manoeuvre from a defi ned height.(k) Landing distance
required (LDRH), in the case of helicopters, means the horizontal
distance required toland and come to a full stop from a point 15 m
(50 ft) above the landing surface.(l) Maximum structural landing
mass means the maximum permissible total aeroplane mass upon
landingunder normal circumstances.(m) Maximum zero fuel mass means
the maximum permissible mass of an aeroplane with no usable
fuel.The mass of the fuel contained in particular tanks should be
included in the zero fuel mass when it isexplicitly mentioned in
the aircraft fl ight manual.(n) Overpack, for the purpose of
transporting dangerous goods, means an enclosure used by a single
ship-perto contain one or more packages and to form one handling
unit for convenience of handling andstowage.(o) Package, for the
purpose of transporting dangerous goods, means the complete product
of the packingoperation consisting of the packaging and its
contents prepared for transport.(p) Packaging, for the purpose of
transporting dangerous goods, means receptacles and any other
compo-nentsor materials necessary for the receptacle to perform its
containment function.(q) Rotation point (RP) means the point at
which a cyclic input is made to initiate a nose-down attitudechange
during the take-off fl ight path. It is the last point in the
take-off path from which, in the event ofan engine failure being
recognised, a forced landing on the aerodrome can be achieved.(r)
Touch down and lift-off area (TLOF) means a load-bearing area on
which a helicopter may touch downor lift off . 16. AIR OPS and
AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions17 | DEFAIR OPS
DefinitionsGM2 Annex I Defi nitionsABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSThe
following abbreviations and acronyms are used in the Annexes to
this Regulation:A aeroplanea/c aircraftAAC aeronautical
administrative communicationsAAL above aerodrome levelAC advisory
circularAC alternating currentACAS airborne collision avoidance
systemADF automatic direction finderADG air driven generatorADS
automatic dependent surveillanceADS-B automatic dependent
surveillance - broadcastADS-C automatic dependent surveillance
contractAEA Association of European AirlinesAEO
all-engines-operativeAFFF aqueous film forming foamsAFM aircraft
flight manualAFN aircraft flight notificationAFN ATS facilities
notificationAGL above ground levelAHRS attitude heading reference
systemAIS aeronautical information serviceALARP as low as
reasonably practicableALSF approach lighting system with sequenced
flashing lightsAMC Acceptable Means of ComplianceAML aircraft
maintenance licenceAMSL above mean sea levelANP actual navigation
performanceAOC aeronautical operational controlAOC air operator
certificateAPU auxiliary power unitAPV approach procedure with
vertical guidanceARA airborne radar approachARA Authority
Requirements for AircrewARO Authority Requirements for Air
OperationsARP Aerospace Recommended PracticesASC Air Safety
CommitteeASDA accelerate-stop distance availableASE altimeter
system errorATA Air Transport AssociationATC air traffic
controlATIS automatic terminal information serviceATN air traffic
navigationATPL airline transport pilot licenceATQP alternative
training and qualification programmeATS air traffic servicesATSC
air traffic service communication 17. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013
Annex I Part-DefinitionsAVGAS aviation gasolineAVTAG aviation
turbine gasoline (wide-cut fuel)AWO all-weather operationsBALS
basic approach lighting systemBCAR British civil airworthiness
requirementsBITD basic instrument training deviceCAP controller
access parametersCAT commercial air transportCAT I/II/III category
I / II / IIICBT computer-based trainingCC cabin crewCDFA continuous
descent final approachCDL configuration deviation listCFIT
controlled flight into terrainCG centre of gravityCM context
managementCMV converted meteorological visibilityCofA certificate
of airworthinessCOP code of practiceCoR certificate of
registrationCP committal pointCPA closest point of approachCPDLC
controller pilot data link communicationCPL commercial pilot
licenceC-PED controlled portable electronic deviceCRE class rating
examinerCRI class rating instructorCRM crew resource managementCS
Certification SpecificationsCVR cockpit voice recorderDA decision
altitudeDA/H decision altitude/heightDAP downlinked aircraft
parametersD-ATIS digital automatic terminal information serviceDC
direct currentDCL departure clearanceD-FIS data link flight
information serviceDG dangerous goodsDH decision heightDI daily
inspectionDIFF deck integrated fire fighting systemDLR data link
recorderDME distance measuring equipmentD-METAR data link
meteorological aerodrome reportD-OTIS data link operational
terminal information serviceDPATO defined point after take-offDPBL
defined point before landingDR decision rangeDSTRK desired trackEC
European CommunityECAC European Civil Aviation Conference18 | DEF
AIR OPS Definitions 18. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I
Part-Definitions19 | DEFAIR OPS DefinitionsEFB electronic flight
bagEFIS electronic flight instrument systemEGNOS European
geostationary navigation overlay serviceEGT exhaust gas
temperatureELT emergency locator transmitterELT(AD) emergency
locator transmitter (automatically deployable)ELT(AF) emergency
locator transmitter (automatic fixed)ELT(AP) emergency locator
transmitter (automatic portable)ELT(S) survival emergency locator
transmitterEPE estimated position of errorEPR engine pressure
ratioEPU estimated position of uncertaintyERA en-route alternate
(aerodrome)ERP emergency response planETOPS extended range
operations with two-engined aeroplanesEU European UnionEUROCAE
European Organisation for Civil Aviation EquipmentEVS enhanced
vision systemFAA Federal Aviation AdministrationFAF final approach
fixFALS full approach lighting systemFANS future air navigation
systemsFAP final approach pointFAR Federal Aviation RegulationFATO
final approach and take-offFC flight crewFCL flight crew
licensingFCOM flight crew operating manualFDM flight data
monitoringFDO flying display operationFDR flight data recorderFFS
full flight simulatorFGS flight control/guidance systemFI flight
instructorFLIPCY flight plan consistencyFLTA forward-looking
terrain avoidanceFMECA failure mode, effects and criticality
analysisFMS flight management systemFNPT flight and navigation
procedures trainerFOD foreign object damagefpm feet per minuteFSTD
flight simulation training deviceft feetFTD flight training
deviceFTE full time equivalentFTL flight and duty time limitationsg
gramGAGAN GPS aided geo augmented navigationGBAS ground-based
augmentation systemGCAS ground collision avoidance systemGEN
general 19. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I
Part-DefinitionsGIDS ground ice detection systemGLS GBAS landing
systemGM Guidance MaterialGMP general medical practitionerGNSS
global navigation satellite systemGPS global positioning systemGPWS
ground proximity warning systemH helicopterHEMS helicopter
emergency medical serviceHF high frequencyHg mercuryHHO helicopter
hoist operationHIALS high intensity approach lighting systemHIGE
hover in ground effectHLL helideck limitations listHOGE hover out
of ground effectHoT hold-over timehPa hectopascalsHPL human
performance and limitationsHUD head-up displayHUDLS head-up
guidance landing systemHUMS health usage monitor systemIAF initial
approach fixIALS intermediate approach lighting systemICAO
International Civil Aviation OrganizationIDE instruments, data and
equipmentIF intermediate fixIFR instrument flight rulesIFSD
in-flight shutdownIGE in ground effectILS instrument landing
systemIMC instrument meteorological conditionsin inchesINS inertial
navigation systemIP intermediate pointIR Implementing RuleIR
instrument ratingIRS inertial reference systemISA international
standard atmosphereISO International Organization for
StandardizationIV intravenousJAA Joint Aviation AuthoritiesJAR
Joint Aviation Requirementskg kilogramskm kilometreskt knotsLDA
landing distance availableLDP landing decision pointLED
light-emitting diodeLHS left hand seatLIFUS line flying under
supervision20 | DEF AIR OPS Definitions 20. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May
2013 Annex I Part-Definitions21 | DEFAIR OPS DefinitionsLNAV
lateral navigationLoA letter of acceptanceLOC localiserLOE
line-oriented evaluationLOFT line-oriented flight trainingLOQE
line-oriented quality evaluationLOS limited obstacle surfaceLPV
localiser performance with vertical guidanceLRCS long range
communication systemLRNS long range navigation systemLVO low
visibility operationLVP low visibility proceduresLVTO low
visibility take-offm metresMALS medium intensity approach lighting
systemMALSF medium intensity approach lighting system with
sequenced flashing lightsMALSR medium intensity approach lighting
system with runway alignment indicator lightsMAPt missed approach
pointMCTOM maximum certified take-off massMDA minimum descent
altitudeMDH minimum descent heightMEA minimum en-route altitudeMED
medicalMEL minimum equipment listMETAR meteorological aerodrome
reportMGA minimum grid altitudeMHA minimum holding altitudeMHz
megahertzMID midpointMLR manuals, logs and recordsMLS microwave
landing systemMLX milliluxmm millimetresMM multi-modeMMEL master
minimum equipment listMNPS minimum navigation performance
specificationsMOC minimum obstacle clearanceMOCA minimum obstacle
clearance altitudeMOPSC maximum operational passenger seating
configurationMORA minimum off-route altitudeMPSC maximum passenger
seating capacityMSA minimum sector altitudeMSAS multi-functional
satellite augmentation systemMTCA minimum terrain clearance
altitudeN NorthNADP noise abatement departure procedureNALS no
approach lighting systemNCC non-commercial operations with complex
motor-powered aircraftNCO non-commercial operations with
other-than-complex motor-powered aircraftNF free power turbine
speedNG engine gas generator speed 21. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013
Annex I Part-DefinitionsNM nautical milesNOTAM notice to
airmenNOTECHS non-technical skills evaluationNOTOC notification to
captainNPA non-precision approachNPA Notice of Proposed
AmendmentNVD night vision deviceNVG night vision gogglesNVIS night
vision imaging systemOAT outside air temperatureOCH obstacle
clearance heightOCL oceanic clearanceODALS omnidirectional approach
lighting systemOEI one-engine-inoperativeOFS obstacle-free
surfaceOGE out of ground effectOIP offset initiation pointOM
operations manualOML operational multi-pilot limitationONC
operational navigation chartOPS operationsORO Organisation
Requirements for Air OperationsOTS CAT II other than standard
category IIPAPI precision approach path indicatorPAR precision
approach radarPBE protective breathing equipmentPBN
performance-based navigationPCDS personnel carrying device
systemPDA premature descent alertPDP predetermined pointPED
portable electronic devicePIC pilot-in-commandPIN personal
identification numberPIS public interest sitePNR point of no
returnPOH pilots operating handbookPRM person with reduced
mobilityQAR quick access recorderQFE atmospheric pressure at
aerodrome elevation / runway thresholdQNH atmospheric pressure at
nautical heightRA resolution advisoryRAT ram air turbineRCC rescue
coordination centreRCF reduced contingency fuelRCLL runway centre
line lightsRF fixed radiusRF radio frequencyRFC route facility
chartRI ramp inspectionRI rectification intervalRIE rectification
interval extension22 | DEF AIR OPS Definitions 22. AIR OPS and
AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-Definitions23 | DEFAIR OPS
DefinitionsRMA regional monitoring agencyRNAV area navigationRNP
required navigation performanceROD rate of descentRP rotation
pointRTCA Radio Technical Commission for AeronauticsRTODAH rejected
take-off distance available (helicopters)RTODRH rejected take-off
distance required (helicopters)RTOM reduced take-off massRTZL
runway touchdown zone lightsRVR runway visual rangeRVSM reduced
vertical separation minimaS SouthSAFA safety assessment of foreign
aircraftSALS simple approach lighting systemSALSF simple approach
lighting system with sequenced flashing lightsSAp stabilised
approachSAP system access parametersSAR search and rescueSAS
stability augmentation systemSBAS satellite-based augmentation
systemSCC senior cabin crewSCP special category of passengerSDCM
system of differential correction and monitoringSFE synthetic
flight examinerSFI synthetic flight instructorSID standard
instrument departureSMM safety management manualSMS safety
management systemSNAS satellite navigation augmentation systemSOP
standard operating procedureSPA operations requiring specific
approvalsSPECI aviation selected special weather reportSPO
specialised operationsSRA surveillance radar approachSSALF
simplified short approach lighting system with sequenced flashing
lightsSSALR simplified short approach lighting system with runway
alignment indicator lightsSSALS simplified short approach lighting
systemSSEC static source error correctionSSR secondary surveillance
radarSTAR standard terminal arrival routeSTC supplemental type
certificateTA traffic advisoryTAC terminal approach chartTAS true
airspeedTAWS terrain awareness warning systemTC technical crewTC
type certificateTCAS traffic collision avoidance systemTCCA
Transport Canada Civil AviationTCH type certificate holder 23. AIR
OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-DefinitionsTDP take-off
decision pointTDZ touchdown zoneTHR thresholdTI Technical
InstructionsTIT turbine inlet temperatureTMG touring motor
gliderTODA take-off distance available (aeroplanes)TODAH take-off
distance available (helicopters)TODRH take-off distance required
(helicopters)TORA take-off run availableT-PED transmitting portable
electronic deviceTRE type rating examinerTRI type rating
instructorTSE total system errorTVE total vertical errorTWIP
terminal weather information for pilotsUMS usage monitoring
systemUTC coordinated universal timeV2 take-off safety speedV50
stalling speedVAT indicated airspeed at thresholdVDF VHF direction
finderVFR visual flight rulesVHF very high frequencyVIS
visibilityVMC visual meteorological conditionsVMO maximum operating
speedVNAV vertical navigationVOR VHF omnidirectional radio rangeVT
threshold speedVTOL vertical take-off and landingVTOSS take-off
safety speedWAAS wide area augmentation systemWAC world
aeronautical chartWIFI wireless fidelityZFTT zero flight-time
training24 | DEF AIR OPS Definitions 24. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May
2013 Annex I Part-Definitions25 | DEFAIR OPS DefinitionsGM3 Annex I
Defi nitionsHELICOPTER EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES (HEMS) FLIGHT(a)
A HEMS fl ight (or more commonly referred to as HEMS mission)
normally starts and ends at the HEMSoperating base following
tasking by the HEMS dispatch centre. Tasking can also occur when
airborne, oron the ground at locations other than the HEMS
operating base.(b) The following elements should be regarded as
integral parts of the HEMS mission:(1) fl ights to and from the
HEMS operating site when initiated by the HEMS dispatch centre;(2)
fl ights to and from an aerodrome/operating site for the delivery
or pick-up of medical suppliesand/or persons required for
completion of the HEMS mission; and(3) fl ights to and from an
aerodrome/operating site for refuelling required for completion of
the HEMSmission.GM4 Annex I Defi nitionsHEAD-UP GUIDANCE LANDING
SYSTEM (HUDLS)A HUDLS is typically used for primary approach
guidance to decision heights of 50 ft.GM5 Annex I Defi
nitionsHOSTILE ENVIRONMENTThe open sea areas considered to
constitute a hostile environment should be designated by the
appropriateauthority in the appropriate Aeronautical Information
Publication or other suitable documentation.GM6 Annex I Defi
nitionsNIGHT VISION IMAGING SYSTEM (NVIS)Helicopter components of
the NVIS include the radio altimeter, visual warning system and
audio warning sys-tem.GM7 Annex I Defi nitionsOFFSHORE
OPERATIONSOff shore operations include, but are not limited to,
support of off shore oil, gas and mineral exploitation andsea-pilot
transfer.GM8 Annex I Defi nitionsPUBLIC INTEREST SITEAn example of
a public interest sites is a landing site based at a hospital
located in a hostile environment in acongested area, which due to
its size or obstacle environment does not allow the application of
performanceclass 1 requirements that would otherwise be required
for operations in a congested hostile environment. 25. AIR OPS and
AMC/GM May 2013 Annex I Part-DefinitionsGM9 Annex I Defi
nitionsTECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONSThe ICAO document number for the
Technical Instructions is Doc 9284-AN/905.26 | DEF AIR OPS
DefinitionsGM10 Annex I Defi nitionsV1The fi rst action includes
for example: apply brakes, reduce thrust, deploy speed brakes. 26.
European Aviation Safety AgencyCONSOLIDATED DOCUMENT OFANNEX II
AUTHORITY REQUIREMENTS FOR AIROPERATIONS PART-AROImplementing Rule,
Acceptable Meansof Compliance and Guidance MaterialFirst edition:
May 2013 27. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex II
Part-AROContentsANNEX II Authority requirements for air operations
[Part-ARO] ....................................... 5ARO.GEN.005
Scope
.............................................................................................................................................
5SUBPART GEN GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
..............................................................................
6ARO.GEN.115 Oversight documentation
..............................................................................................................
6ARO.GEN.120 Means of compliance
....................................................................................................................
6AMC1 ARO.GEN.120(d)(3) Means of compliance
................................................................................................
7GM1 ARO.GEN.120 Means of compliance
...........................................................................................................
8ARO.GEN.125 Information to the Agency
............................................................................................................
9ARO.GEN.135 Immediate reaction to a safety problem
.....................................................................................
10ARO.GEN.200 Management system
...................................................................................................................
11AMC1 ARO.GEN.200(a) Management system
....................................................................................................
12GM1 ARO.GEN.200(a) Management system
......................................................................................................
13AMC1 ARO.GEN.200(a)(1) Management system
...............................................................................................
14AMC1 ARO.GEN.200(a)(2) Management system
...............................................................................................
14AMC2 ARO.GEN.200(a)(2) Management system
...............................................................................................
15GM1 ARO.GEN.200(a)(2) Management System
.................................................................................................
16AMC1 ARO.GEN.200(d) Management system
....................................................................................................
18ARO.GEN.205 Allocation of tasks to qualified entities
......................................................................................
19GM1 ARO.GEN.205 Allocation of tasks to qualified entities
..............................................................................
20ARO.GEN.210 Changes in the management system
..........................................................................................
21ARO.GEN.220 Record-keeping
............................................................................................................................
22AMC1 ARO.GEN.220(a) Record-keeping
.............................................................................................................
23AMC1 ARO.GEN.220(a)(1);(2);(3) Record-keeping
.............................................................................................
23AMC1 ARO.GEN.220(a)(4) Record-keeping
........................................................................................................
23GM1 ARO.GEN.220(a)(4) Record-keeping
..........................................................................................................
24AMC1 ARO.GEN.220(a)(6) Record-keeping
........................................................................................................
25GM1 ARO.GEN.220 Record-keeping
...................................................................................................................
26ARO.GEN.300 Oversight
.....................................................................................................................................
27AMC1 ARO.GEN.300 (a);(b);(c) Oversight
...........................................................................................................
28GM1 ARO.GEN.300(a); (b);(c) Oversight
............................................................................................................
29GM1 ARO.GEN.300(d) Oversight
.......................................................................................................................
29ARO.GEN.305 Oversight programme
.................................................................................................................
30AMC1 ARO.GEN.305(b) Oversight programme
..................................................................................................
31AMC2 ARO.GEN.305(b) Oversight programme
..................................................................................................
32GM1 ARO.GEN.305(b) Oversight Programme
....................................................................................................
33AMC1 ARO.GEN.305(b)(1) Oversight programme
..............................................................................................
34AMC2 ARO.GEN.305(b)(1) Oversight programme
..............................................................................................
34AMC1 ARO.GEN.305(b);(c) Oversight programme
.............................................................................................
34AMC1 ARO.GEN.305(c) Oversight programme
...................................................................................................
35AMC2 ARO.GEN.305(c) Oversight programme
...................................................................................................
35AMC1 ARO.GEN.305(d) Oversight programme
.................................................................................................
35ARO.GEN.310 Initial certification procedure organisations
...........................................................................
36AMC1 ARO.GEN.310(a) Initial certification procedure organisations
.............................................................
37ARO.GEN.330 Changes organisations
............................................................................................................
38AMC1 ARO.GEN.330 Changes organisations
...................................................................................................
39GM1 ARO.GEN.330 Changes organisations
.....................................................................................................
40ARO.GEN.350 Findings and corrective actions organisations
........................................................................
41GM1 ARO.GEN.350 Findings and corrective actions
organisations.................................................................
42ARO.GEN.355 Findings and enforcement measures persons
........................................................................
43GM1 ARO.GEN.355(b) Findings and enforcement measures persons
...........................................................
44SUBPART OPS AIR OPERATIONS
..........................................................................................45ARO.OPS.100
Issue of the air operator certificate
.............................................................................................
45ARO.OPS.105 Code-share arrangements
...........................................................................................................
45AMC1 ARO.OPS.105 Code-share arrangements
.................................................................................................
46AMC2 ARO.OPS.105 Code-share arrangements
.................................................................................................
462 | ARO 28. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex II
Part-AROARO.OPS.110 Lease agreements
........................................................................................................................
47AMC1 ARO.OPS.110 Lease agreements
.............................................................................................................
48AMC2 ARO.OPS.110 Lease agreements
.............................................................................................................
48GM1 ARO.OPS.110 Lease agreements
...............................................................................................................
49GM2 ARO.OPS.110 Lease agreements
...............................................................................................................
49ARO.OPS.200 Specific approval procedure
........................................................................................................
50AMC1 ARO.OPS.200 Specific approval procedure
..............................................................................................
51AMC2 ARO.OPS.200 Specific approval procedure
..............................................................................................
51ARO.OPS.205 Minimum equipment list approval
..............................................................................................
53GM1 ARO.OPS.205 Minimum equipment list approval
.....................................................................................
54ARO.OPS.210 Determination of local area
.........................................................................................................
55GM1 ARO.OPS.210 Determination of local area
................................................................................................
56ARO.OPS.215 Approval of helicopter operations over a hostile
environment located outsidea congested area
...................................................................................................................................................
57AMC1 ARO.OPS.215 Approval of helicopter operations over a hostile
environment located outsidea congested area
...................................................................................................................................................
58AMC2 ARO.OPS.215 Approval of helicopter operations over a hostile
environment located outsidea congested area
...................................................................................................................................................
58ARO.OPS.220 Approval of helicopter operations to or from a public
interest site ............................................ 59AMC1
ARO.OPS.220 Approval of helicopter operations to or from a public
interest site ................................. 60AMC2 ARO.OPS.220
Approval of helicopter operations to or from a public interest site
................................. 60ARO.OPS.225 Approval of
operations to an isolated aerodrome
......................................................................
61GM1 ARO.OPS.225 Approval of operations to an isolated
aerodrome..............................................................
62SUBPART RAMP RAMP INSPECTIONS OF AIRCRAFT OF OPERATORSUNDER THE
REGULATORY OVERSIGHT OF ANOTHER STATE
......................................................63ARO.RAMP.005
Scope
.........................................................................................................................................
63ARO.RAMP.100 General
......................................................................................................................................
63AMC1 ARO.RAMP.100 General
...........................................................................................................................
64AMC1 ARO.RAMP.100(b) General
......................................................................................................................
64AMC1 ARO.RAMP.100(c)(1) General
..................................................................................................................
65GM1 ARO.RAMP.100(c)(1) General
...................................................................................................................
66ARO.RAMP.105 Prioritisation criteria
.................................................................................................................
67GM1 ARO.RAMP.105(b)(2)(i) Prioritisation criteria
............................................................................................
68ARO.RAMP.110 Collection of information
..........................................................................................................
69AMC1 ARO.RAMP.110 Collection of information
...............................................................................................
70ARO.RAMP.115 Qualification of ramp
inspectors...............................................................................................
71AMC1 ARO.RAMP.115(a) Qualification of ramp inspectors
...............................................................................
72AMC1 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(1) Qualification of ramp inspectors
...........................................................................
72AMC1 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2) Qualification of ramp inspectors
...........................................................................
73AMC2 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2) Qualification of ramp inspectors
...........................................................................
73AMC3 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2) Qualification of ramp inspectors
...........................................................................
76AMC4 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2) Qualification of ramp inspectors
...........................................................................
77GM1 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2) Qualification of inspectors
......................................................................................
87AMC1 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2)(i) Qualification of ramp
inspectors........................................................................
88AMC2 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(2)(i) Qualification of ramp
inspectors......................................................................
102AMC1 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(3) Qualification of ramp inspectors
.........................................................................
110AMC2 ARO.RAMP.115(b)(3) Qualification of ramp inspectors
.........................................................................
110AMC1 ARO.RAMP.115(c) Qualification of ramp inspectors
..............................................................................
111GM1 ARO.RAMP.115(c) Qualification of ramp inspectors
................................................................................
112GM2 ARO.RAMP.115(c) Qualification of ramp inspectors
................................................................................
113GM3 ARO.RAMP.115(c) Qualification of ramp inspectors
................................................................................
114ARO.RAMP.120 Approval of training organisations
..........................................................................................
115AMC1 ARO.RAMP.120 Approval of training organisations
..............................................................................
116ARO.RAMP.125 Conduct of ramp inspections
..................................................................................................
117AMC1 ARO.RAMP.125(b) Conduct of Ramp inspections
..................................................................................
118GM1 ARO.RAMP.125(b) Conduct of Ramp inspections
....................................................................................
119ARO.RAMP.130 Categorisation of findings
.......................................................................................................
120ARO.RAMP.135 Follow-up actions on findings
.................................................................................................
1203 | ARO 29. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 Annex II
Part-AROARO.RAMP.140 Grounding of aircraft
..............................................................................................................
120ARO.RAMP.145 Reporting
................................................................................................................................
121ARO.RAMP.150 Agency coordination tasks
......................................................................................................
121ARO.RAMP.155 Annual report
..........................................................................................................................
122ARO.RAMP.160 Information to the public and protection of
information .......................................................
122Appendix I
.............................................................................................................................123Appendix
II
............................................................................................................................125Appendix
III
............................................................................................................................128Appendix
IV
...........................................................................................................................1304
| ARO 30. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-ARO5 | AROAIR
OPS ARO.GENANNEX IIAUTHORITY REQUIREMENTSFOR AIR
OPERATIONS[PART-ARO]ARO.GEN.005 ScopeThis Annex establishes
requirements for the administration and management system to be
fulfi lled by theAgency and Member States for the implementation
and enforcement of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and itsImplementing
Rules regarding civil aviation air operations. 31. AIR OPS and
AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-AROSUBPART GEN GENERAL REQUIREMENTS6
| ARO AIR OPS ARO.GENSection I GeneralARO.GEN.115 Oversight
documentationThe competent authority shall provide all legislative
acts, standards, rules, technical publications and relateddocuments
to relevant personnel in order to allow them to perform their tasks
and to discharge their responsi-bilities.ARO.GEN.120 Means of
compliance(a) The Agency shall develop Acceptable Means of
Compliance (AMC) that may be used to establish compli-ancewith
Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules. When the
AMC are complied with,the related requirements of the Implementing
Rules are met.(b) Alternative means of compliance may be used to
establish compliance with the Implementing Rules.(c) The competent
authority shall establish a system to consistently evaluate that
all alternative means ofcompliance used by itself or by
organisations and persons under its oversight allow the
establishment ofcompliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its
Implementing Rules.(d) The competent authority shall evaluate all
alternative means of compliance proposed by an organisationin
accordance with ORO.GEN.120 (b) by analysing the documentation
provided and, if considered neces-sary,conducting an inspection of
the organisation.When the competent authority fi nds that the
alternative means of compliance are in accordance with
theImplementing Rules, it shall without undue delay:(1) notify the
applicant that the alternative means of compliance may be
implemented and, if applica-ble,amend the approval or certifi cate
of the applicant accordingly; and(2) notify the Agency of their
content, including copies of all relevant documentation.(3) inform
other Member States about alternative means of compliance that were
accepted.(e) When the competent authority itself uses alternative
means of compliance to achieve compliance withRegulation (EC) No
216/2008 and its Implementing Rules it shall:(1) make them
available to all organisations and persons under its oversight;
and(2) without undue delay notify the Agency.The competent
authority shall provide the Agency with a full description of the
alternative means ofcompliance, including any revisions to
procedures that may be relevant, as well as an assessment
dem-onstratingthat the Implementing Rules are met. 32. AIR OPS and
AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-ARO7 | AROAIR OPS ARO.GENAMC1
ARO.GEN.120(d)(3) Means of complianceGENERALThe information to be
provided to other Member States following approval of an
alternative means of compli-anceshould contain a reference to the
Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) to which such means of
com-plianceprovides an alternative, as well as a reference to the
corresponding Implementing Rule, indicating asapplicable the
subparagraph(s) covered by the alternative means of compliance. 33.
AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-AROGM1 ARO.GEN.120 Means
of complianceGENERALAlternative means of compliance used by a
competent authority or by organisations under its oversight maybe
used by other competent authorities or organisations only if
processed again in accordance with ARO.GEN.120 (d) and (e).8 | ARO
AIR OPS ARO.GEN 34. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-ARO9
| AROAIR OPS ARO.GENARO.GEN.125 Information to the Agency(a) The
competent authority shall without undue delay notify the Agency in
case of any signifi cant problemswith the implementation of
Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules.(b) The
competent authority shall provide the Agency with safety-signifi
cant information stemming fromthe occurrence reports it has
received. 35. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II
Part-AROARO.GEN.135 Immediate reaction to a safety problem(a)
Without prejudice to Directive 2003/42/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council the competentauthority shall
implement a system to appropriately collect, analyse and
disseminate safety information.(b) The Agency shall implement a
system to appropriately analyse any relevant safety information
received10 | ARO AIR OPS ARO.GENand without undue delay provide to
Member States and the Commission any information, including
rec-ommendationsor corrective actions to be taken, necessary for
them to react in a timely manner to asafety problem involving
products, parts, appliances, persons or organisations subject to
Regulation (EC)No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules.(c) Upon
receiving the information referred to in (a) and (b), the competent
authority shall take adequatemeasures to address the safety
problem.(d) Measures taken under (c) shall immediately be notifi ed
to all persons or organisations which need to com-plywith them
under Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules. The
competent authorityshall also notify those measures to the Agency
and, when combined action is required, the other MemberStates
concerned. 36. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-ARO11 |
AROAIR OPS ARO.GENSection II ManagementARO.GEN.200 Management
system(a) The competent authority shall establish and maintain a
management system, including as a minimum:(1) documented policies
and procedures to describe its organisation, means and methods to
achievecompliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its
Implementing Rules. The procedures shall bekept up-to-date and
serve as the basic working documents within that competent
authority for allrelated tasks;(2) a suffi cient number of
personnel to perform its tasks and discharge its responsibilities.
Such per-sonnelshall be qualifi ed to perform their allocated tasks
and have the necessary knowledge, expe-rience,initial and recurrent
training to ensure continuing competence. A system shall be in
placeto plan the availability of personnel, in order to ensure the
proper completion of all tasks;(3) adequate facilities and offi ce
accommodation to perform the allocated tasks;(4) a function to
monitor compliance of the management system with the relevant
requirements andadequacy of the procedures including the
establishment of an internal audit process and a safetyrisk
management process. Compliance monitoring shall include a feedback
system of audit fi nd-ingsto the senior management of the competent
authority to ensure implementation of correc-tiveactions as
necessary; and(5) a person or group of persons, ultimately
responsible to the senior management of the competentauthority for
the compliance monitoring function.(b) The competent authority
shall, for each fi eld of activity, including management system,
appoint one ormore persons with the overall responsibility for the
management of the relevant task(s).(c) The competent authority
shall establish procedures for participation in a mutual exchange
of all neces-saryinformation and assistance with other competent
authorities concerned including on all fi ndingsraised and
follow-up actions taken as a result of oversight of persons and
organisations exercising activi-tiesin the territory of a Member
State, but certifi ed by the competent authority of another Member
Stateor the Agency.(d) A copy of the procedures related to the
management system and their amendments shall be made avail-ableto
the Agency for the purpose of standardisation. 37. AIR OPS and
AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-AROAMC1 ARO.GEN.200(a) Management
systemGENERAL(a) All of the following should be considered when
deciding upon the required organisational structure:12 | ARO AIR
OPS ARO.GEN(1) the number of certifi cates, attestations,
authorisations and approvals to be issued;(2) the number of certifi
ed persons and organisations exercising an activity within that
Member State,including persons or organisations certifi ed by other
competent authorities;(3) the possible use of qualifi ed entities
and of resources of other competent authorities to fulfi l
thecontinuing oversight obligations;(4) the level of civil aviation
activity in terms of (i) number and complexity of aircraft
operated; (ii) sizeand complexity of the Member States aviation
industry;(5) the potential growth of activities in the fi eld of
civil aviation.(b) The set-up of the organisational structure
should ensure that the various tasks and obligations of
thecompetent authority do not rely solely on individuals. A
continuous and undisturbed fulfi lment of thesetasks and
obligations of the competent authority should also be guaranteed in
case of illness, accident orleave of individual employees. 38. AIR
OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II Part-ARO13 | AROAIR OPS ARO.GENGM1
ARO.GEN.200(a) Management systemGENERAL(a) The competent authority
designated by each Member State should be organised in such a way
that:(1) there is specifi c and eff ective management authority in
the conduct of all relevant activities;(2) the functions and
processes described in the applicable requirements of Regulation
(EC)No 216/20081 and its Implementing Rules and AMCs, Certifi
cation Specifi cations (CSs) and Guid-anceMaterial (GM) may be
properly implemented;(3) the competent authoritys organisation and
operating procedures for the implementation of theapplicable
requirements of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing
Rules are properlydocumented and applied;(4) all competent
authority personnel involved in the related activities are provided
with trainingwhere necessary;(5) specifi c and eff ective provision
is made for the communication and interface as necessary with
theAgency and the competent authorities of other Member States;
and(6) all functions related to implementing the applicable
requirements are adequately described.(b) A general policy in
respect of activities related to the applicable requirements of
Regulation (EC)No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules should be
developed, promoted and implemented by the man-agerat the highest
appropriate level; for example the manager at the top of the
functional area of thecompetent authority that is responsible for
such activities.(c) Appropriate steps should be taken to ensure
that the policy is known and understood by all personnelinvolved,
and all necessary steps should be taken to implement and maintain
the policy.(d) The general policy, whilst also satisfying
additional national regulatory responsibilities, should in
particu-lartake into account:(1) the provisions of Regulation (EC)
No 216/2008;(2) the provisions of the applicable Implementing Rules
and their AMCs, CSs and GM;(3) the needs of industry; and(4) the
needs of the Agency and of the competent authority.(e) The policy
should defi ne specifi c objectives for key elements of the
organisation and processes for imple-mentingrelated activities,
including the corresponding control procedures and the measurement
of theachieved standard.1 Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 20 February 2008 on
common rules in the fi eld ofcivil aviation and establishing a
European Aviation Safety Agency, and repealing Council Directive
91/670/EEC, Regulation (EC)No 1592/2002 and Directive 2004/36/EC.
OJ L 79, 19.3.2008, p. 1. 39. AIR OPS and AMC/GM May 2013 ANNEX II
Part-AROAMC1 ARO.GEN.200(a)(1) Management systemDOCUMENTED POLICIES
AND PROCEDURES(a) The various elements of the organisation involved
with the activities related to Regulation (EC)No 216/2008 and its
Implementing Rules should be documented in order to establish a
reference sourcefor the establishment and maintenance of this
organisation.14 | ARO AIR OPS ARO.GEN(b) The documented procedures
should be established in a way that facilitates their use. They
should beclearly identifi ed, kept up-to-date and made readily
available to all personnel involved in the relatedactivities.(c)
The documented procedures should cover, as a minimum, all of the
following aspects:(1) policy and objectives;(2) organisational
structure;(3) responsibilities and associated authority;(4)
procedures and processes;(5) internal and external interfaces;(6)
internal control procedures;(7) training of personnel;(8)
cross-references to associated documents;(9) assistance from other
competent authorities or the Agency (where required).(d) It is
likely that the information is held in more than one document or
series of documents, and suitablecross-referencing should be
provided. For example, organisational structure and job
descriptions are notusually in the same documentation as the
detailed working procedures. In such cases it is recommendedthat
the documented procedures include an index of cross-references to
all such other related informa-tion,and the related documentation
should be readily available when required.AMC1 ARO.GEN.200(a)(2)
Management systemQUALIFICATION AND TRAINING GENERAL(a) The
competent authority should ensure appropriate and adequate training
of its personnel to meetthe standard that is considered necessary
to perform the work. To ensure personnel remain qualifi
ed,arrangements should be made for initial and recurrent training
as required.(b) The basic capability of the competent authoritys
personnel is a matter of recruitment and normal
man-agementfunctions in selection of personnel for particular
duties. Moreover, the competent authorityshould provide training in
the basic skills as required for those duties. However, to avoid
diff erencesin understanding and interpretation, all personnel
should be provided with further training specifi callyrelated to
Regulation (EC) No 21