Air Emissions from Two Swine Finishing Buildings with Flushing: Ammonia Characteristics www.AgAirQuality.com Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue University Al Heber, Pattie Tao, Teng Lim, Jiqin Ni, Purdue University; Amy Schmidt, University of Missouri
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Air Emissions from Two Swine Finishing Buildings with Flushing: Ammonia Characteristics Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue.
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Air Emissions from Two Swine Finishing Buildings with Flushing:
Ammonia Characteristics
www.AgAirQuality.com
Agricultural and Biological Engineering
Purdue University
Al Heber, Pattie Tao, Teng Lim, Jiqin Ni, Purdue University; Amy Schmidt, University of Missouri
Swine Production Site in Northern Missouri
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'46 '51 '56 '61 '66 '71 '76 '81 '86 '91 '96 '01
Year
Pig
s p
er
Fa
rm
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25
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125
Co
ws
pe
r F
arm
Hogs
Dairy
Average Size of Farms
Heber, A.J., T.-T. Lim, P.C. Tao, J.-Q. Ni, A.M. Schmidt. 2004. Control of air emissions from swine finishing buildings
flushed with recycled lagoon effluent. ASAE Paper #044156.
EPA Multi-State Consortium Animal Waste and Premium Standard Farms
Measured PM10, TSP, CH4, NMHC, NH3, H2S, CO2, odor for 11 months at two barns.
Soybean Oil Sprinkling Misting of Essential Oils Misting of Essential Oils
and Water
Collaborative study by Purdue University and University of
Hourly NH3 Emissions and Pig Activity Diurnal Patterns
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0.4
0.6
0.8
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1.2
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Time of day (h)
NH
3 E
mis
sio
ns
, mg
/s-A
U
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An
ima
l Ac
tiv
ity
, v
Activity
Emissions
G3, 2 peaks
12oC 2.1oC21.5oC
G2, 1 peak
G1, 2 peaks
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Diurnal Emission of Ammonia
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-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Monthly Mean Outdoor Temperature, oC
Tim
e o
f D
ay,
hr
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Nu
mb
er
of
Pe
ak
s
Time of daily maximum emission
Number of emission peaks
NH3 Emissions from Finishing Pigs (g/day-pig)
Dutch Standard 6.8 Oesthook (1993) 3-5 Kay & Lee (1997) 3.3-7.7 Hendrik & Vrielink (1997) 4.0 den Brok & Verdoes (1997) 4-5 Hendriks et al (1997) 4.8-10.8 Heber et al (1997), winter 5.8*
Koziel et al. (2005) 6.0 This study in Missouri 7.3 Hoff et al. (2005) 7.4 Thelosen, et al (1994) 7.9 Groot Koerkamp @ Uenk (1997)9.2 Ni et al (1998), summer 16.6
*Airflow estimated by heat balance
Conclusions
The overall mean NH3 concentration was 17 ppm in the control barn (n=184 d).
The overall mean NH3 emission from the control barn was 62 g/d-AU (n=175 d).
Pig activity and NH3 emission rate displayed similar diurnal patterns that were influenced by season.
Diurnal patterns of activity and ammonia emissions depended on daily mean temperatures.
55% of the annual barn airflow was delivered by 25% of the barn ventilation capacity.
The barn ammonia emissions were close to the Dutch standard of 6.8 g/day-pig.