Aim: What were the accomplishments made by the administration of Theodore Roosevelt? Do Now Read pages 464-466. Turn in your HW. Look at the HW Board for.

AimAim: What were the : What were the accomplishments made by the accomplishments made by the

administration of Theodore administration of Theodore Roosevelt?Roosevelt?

Do NowDo NowRead pages 464-466.Read pages 464-466.

Turn in your HW.Turn in your HW.Look at the HW Board for tonight’s assignment.Look at the HW Board for tonight’s assignment.

Presidents (1789-1900)Presidents (1789-1900)

► The earliest presidents actually did some The earliest presidents actually did some good for our government.good for our government.

George WashingtonGeorge Washington

George Washington, as 1st President established precedents forfuture Presidents to follow.(1)Creation of the Cabinet(2)Two terms for the President(3)Advocated neutrality and noalliances for the United States during the19th Century.

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson purchased Louisiana from France in 1803.

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson was an illustrationof a strong President, taking on theUnited States Congress and theUnited States Supreme Court in the8 years that he served as President.

Jackson, at times, made some verycontroversial decisions, but hissupporters loved him.

►The ones who followed Jackson were The ones who followed Jackson were not great because they did not handle not great because they did not handle slavery, so they let the Civil War break slavery, so they let the Civil War break out.out.

►This led to the emergence of Abraham This led to the emergence of Abraham Lincoln, who united the US under the Lincoln, who united the US under the Civil War.Civil War.

Abraham LincolnLincoln is considered to a be a greatUnited States President because of hisactions during the Civil War.

Besides winning the Civil War, Lincoln’spolicies were instrumental in aiding andassisting African Americans as they made the transition from slaves to freedmen.

After his death, many of his successorsWERE NOT considered to be a great President.

►The ones who followed Lincoln….well The ones who followed Lincoln….well they stunk pretty much. They cared they stunk pretty much. They cared primarily about big business while primarily about big business while letting Congress run the US.letting Congress run the US.

►From Johnson to McKinley, no one From Johnson to McKinley, no one single president is remembered for single president is remembered for their accomplishments….until their accomplishments….until Theodore Roosevelt.Theodore Roosevelt.

Theodore RooseveltWhen he became the President of theUnited States upon the death of President William McKinley, Rooseveltchanged the presidency.

Theodore Roosevelt became themodel of the strong American presidentthat has existed for the past 100 years.

Roosevelt used his position as Presidentas a means to getting his policies andagenda accomplished.

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt

►2626thth President of the United States President of the United States

►Served from 1901-1909.Served from 1901-1909.

►No Vice-PresidentNo Vice-President

►RepublicanRepublican

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt Born in NYC.Born in NYC.

Police Commissioner of NY.Police Commissioner of NY. Famed for his travels to the west.Famed for his travels to the west. Became Assistant Secretary of the Became Assistant Secretary of the

Navy.Navy. Hero of the Spanish American War-Hero of the Spanish American War-

formed the Rough Riders.formed the Rough Riders. Vice President Under William Vice President Under William

McKinley. McKinley. McKinley assassinated.McKinley assassinated.

Theodore Roosevelt-Son of New York

Theodore Roosevelt's early political careerbegan in New York. He was a state assemblyman (left) and the New York CityPolice Commissioner

Theodore Roosevelt-Conservationist/Hunter

Roosevelt was a very active hunter whospent many vacations in the DakotaTerritory.

Having spent so much time in the Dakotasallowed Roosevelt to value and cherishthe environment.

As President, Roosevelt preserved manyacres of land for the conservation of nature.

Theodore Roosevelt-National Leader

The Rough Riders

Roosevelt led his men, called the Rough Riders, to a decisive victoryat the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish-American War. Hebecame a national hero as a result of the battle,

4. 4. Theodore Roosevelt as Theodore Roosevelt as PresidentPresident

► Theodore Roosevelt was a major supporter of the Theodore Roosevelt was a major supporter of the progressive movement during the time he was vice progressive movement during the time he was vice president of the United States.president of the United States.

► When William McKinley was assassinated in 1901, When William McKinley was assassinated in 1901, Theodore Roosevelt became the 26Theodore Roosevelt became the 26thth President of President of the United States.the United States.

► Roosevelt had strong ideas about government in Roosevelt had strong ideas about government in that the government should protect the rights of that the government should protect the rights of the people and as president, Roosevelt vowed to the people and as president, Roosevelt vowed to use his power to accomplish this goal.use his power to accomplish this goal.

► When Theodore Roosevelt was re-elected in 1904, When Theodore Roosevelt was re-elected in 1904, he decided to push a progressive agenda through he decided to push a progressive agenda through Congress.Congress.

Assassination of President McKinley

On September 6, 1901, President William McKinley was assassinated inBuffalo, New York by Leon Czolgosz. Four days would pass until VicePresident Theodore Roosevelt would become President. After McKinley’sdeath, the President of the United States would be protected by the SecretService.

Leon Czolgosz

The Burial of President McKinley

McKinley was buried on Sept. 16,1901 in Nashua, New Hampshire.

4.1 4.1 TrustsTrusts

►Roosevelt believed that the growth of Roosevelt believed that the growth of big business, including trusts, was part big business, including trusts, was part of the economic process.of the economic process.

►However, Roosevelt believed that However, Roosevelt believed that trusts that did not benefit the good of trusts that did not benefit the good of business was wrong and needed to be business was wrong and needed to be stopped.stopped.

►Roosevelt believed that if a trust was Roosevelt believed that if a trust was bad, the government had the right to bad, the government had the right to interfere.interfere.

► In March 1902, Roosevelt directed the government to file a In March 1902, Roosevelt directed the government to file a suit against the Northern Securities Company.suit against the Northern Securities Company.

► This company owned and operated three railroads in the This company owned and operated three railroads in the northwestern United States. northwestern United States.

► Northern Securities was a holding company-a company that Northern Securities was a holding company-a company that owns controlling interests in other companies.owns controlling interests in other companies.-In these companies, the board of directors owns, rather than -In these companies, the board of directors owns, rather than holds in trust, the stock of the companies.holds in trust, the stock of the companies.- The board also directs the policy for the company whose - The board also directs the policy for the company whose stock they own.stock they own.

► Roosevelt was able to bring the Northern Securities Company Roosevelt was able to bring the Northern Securities Company to the United States Supreme Court. The United States to the United States Supreme Court. The United States Supreme Court ordered the Northern Securities Trust to be Supreme Court ordered the Northern Securities Trust to be broken up.broken up.

► Roosevelt also set his eye on the Standard Oil Trust and the Roosevelt also set his eye on the Standard Oil Trust and the American Tobacco Trust. This led many American newspapers American Tobacco Trust. This led many American newspapers to label Theodore Roosevelt as the “trustbuster”.to label Theodore Roosevelt as the “trustbuster”.

Theodore Roosevelt the Trustbuster

Roosevelt was known as the“Trustbuster”. Roosevelt was ableto break up the Standard Oil Trust,the American Tobacco Trust andthe Northern Security Trust.

Roosevelt believed that the UnitedStates Government and thePresident

Northern Securities Trust

These three railroad groupswere part of the NorthernSecurities Trust.

This trust was one of manytrusts that were broken upby President Roosevelt

American Tobacco Trust

American Tobacco

This trust was ended by PresidentRoosevelt.

Company brokeninto differentcompanies

R.J. ReynoldsLiggettLorillard

Roosevelt Tangles With Big Business

Roosevelt used his power as thePresident to tangle with themajor big business figures of theera.

In this political cartoon, TR istrying to break trusts that wereestablished by J.P. Morgan andJohn Rockefeller.

Question 1Question 1

►How was Theodore Roosevelt’s view How was Theodore Roosevelt’s view on trusts different than his on trusts different than his predecessors (people who came predecessors (people who came before him?before him?

Question 2Question 2

►Which two companies trusts did Which two companies trusts did Theodore Roosevelt bust?Theodore Roosevelt bust?

4.2 4.2 LaborLabor► Before the administration of Theodore Roosevelt, many Before the administration of Theodore Roosevelt, many

members of government sided with management when labor-members of government sided with management when labor-management disputes arose.management disputes arose.

► In May 1902, a coal strike broke out in Pennsylvania. The In May 1902, a coal strike broke out in Pennsylvania. The strike dragged on and caused serious shortages of coal.strike dragged on and caused serious shortages of coal.

► Roosevelt called the leaders of both sides to the White House Roosevelt called the leaders of both sides to the White House where he asked them to settle the strike by having both sides where he asked them to settle the strike by having both sides settle their differences.settle their differences.

► The workers decided to go along with the decision of a The workers decided to go along with the decision of a government commission, but the mine owners refused to go government commission, but the mine owners refused to go along with the decision.along with the decision.

► When Theodore Roosevelt told the owners that he would use When Theodore Roosevelt told the owners that he would use the army to run the mines, the owners agreed to settle the the army to run the mines, the owners agreed to settle the strike.strike.

► As a result, the miners union got recognition for their efforts As a result, the miners union got recognition for their efforts and were able to negotiate a small pay raise.and were able to negotiate a small pay raise.

The Coal Strike of 1902

The Coal Strike of 1902

Question 3Question 3

►How did President Roosevelt become How did President Roosevelt become involved in the coal strike of 1902?involved in the coal strike of 1902?

4.3 4.3 Railroad RegulationRailroad Regulation

► Theodore Roosevelt also regulated the Theodore Roosevelt also regulated the railroads.railroads.

► In 1903, Roosevelt made the US Congress In 1903, Roosevelt made the US Congress pass the Elkins Act which made rebates pass the Elkins Act which made rebates illegal. illegal.

► In 1906, Roosevelt also made the US In 1906, Roosevelt also made the US Congress pass the Hepburn Act which made Congress pass the Hepburn Act which made the Interstate Commerce Act stronger by the Interstate Commerce Act stronger by allowing it to fix railroad rates. The rates allowing it to fix railroad rates. The rates could only be challenged through the courts.could only be challenged through the courts.

Elkins and Hepburn ActTheodore Roosevelt worked withRepublicans and Democrats in theHepburn and Elkins Acts of 1903.

These acts enforced the ICC of1887 and it prevented the railroads from charging high pricesto ship goods.

Another example of TheodoreRoosevelt being a trustbuster and aPresident who cared for Progressivereform.

Question 4Question 4

►What progressive legislation was What progressive legislation was passed under the administration of passed under the administration of Theodore Roosevelt?Theodore Roosevelt?

4.4 4.4 Food and DrugsFood and Drugs

► Reforms in the food and drug industries also Reforms in the food and drug industries also were accomplished during the were accomplished during the administration of Theodore Roosevelt.administration of Theodore Roosevelt.

► In 1906, the United States Congress passed In 1906, the United States Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act. This act the Pure Food and Drug Act. This act stopped the manufacture, sale or stopped the manufacture, sale or transportation of foods and drugs that were transportation of foods and drugs that were not pure or properly marked.not pure or properly marked.

► Theodore Roosevelt also made the US Theodore Roosevelt also made the US Congress pass the Meat Inspection Act. This Congress pass the Meat Inspection Act. This set up federal inspection of all meat set up federal inspection of all meat transported across state lines.transported across state lines.

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)Prior to 1906, most foods and drugs boughtand sold in the United States were notproperly labeled.

Roosevelt took on food and drug producerswith the hope of preventing Americans from becoming sick from improperly labeledfoods.

After the passage of the act in 1906, PresidentRoosevelt created a new regulatory agencythat would keep our food and drugs safe.

Food and Drug Administration

Today, the Food and Drug Administration is in charge of keeping ourfood and drug supply safe. The FDA is responsible for the labels on food,creation of the food pyramid and establishing which drugs could besold over the counter and which drugs could be prescribed with doctor'spermission.

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

The Jungle exposed the improperand unsanitary conditions of our nation'sslaughterhouses. This novel led PresidentRoosevelt to pass the Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drug Acts of 1906.

Upton Sinclair-Muckraker

Upton Sinclair was responsible for exposing the shamefuland disgusting conditions found in American slaughterhouses.

Meat Inspection Act

Question 5Question 5

► In the Pure Food and Drug Act, In the Pure Food and Drug Act, Roosevelt enacted legislation to Roosevelt enacted legislation to properly label all food and medicinal properly label all food and medicinal items. items.

►What would life be like if the Pure Food What would life be like if the Pure Food and Drug Act was not passed?and Drug Act was not passed?

4.5 4.5 ConservationConservation► President Roosevelt gave strong support to conservation. President Roosevelt gave strong support to conservation.

Conservationists disliked the way America’s natural resources Conservationists disliked the way America’s natural resources were used. These people were against wasteful mining and were used. These people were against wasteful mining and lumber practices and wanted areas of natural beauty to be lumber practices and wanted areas of natural beauty to be preserved for people to enjoy.preserved for people to enjoy.

► One way in which Roosevelt conserved was that he wanted to One way in which Roosevelt conserved was that he wanted to preserve natural forests. The Forest Reserve Act of 1891 gave preserve natural forests. The Forest Reserve Act of 1891 gave the President the power to preserve natural forests. The three the President the power to preserve natural forests. The three presidents before Theodore Roosevelt saved 47 million acres presidents before Theodore Roosevelt saved 47 million acres of forests. Under Roosevelt, 150 million acres of forests were of forests. Under Roosevelt, 150 million acres of forests were saved.saved.

► Roosevelt also favored the government development of Roosevelt also favored the government development of natural resources. In 1902, Roosevelt signed the Newlands natural resources. In 1902, Roosevelt signed the Newlands Act, which used money from the sale of public lands to be Act, which used money from the sale of public lands to be used for irrigation projects in the West. As a result, dams were used for irrigation projects in the West. As a result, dams were built and 1,000,000 acres of land were used for farming.built and 1,000,000 acres of land were used for farming.

Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir

Seen here with John Muir, PresidentRoosevelt made significant contributions in protecting the naturalenvironment of the United States. Muir would go on to form the Sierra Clubwhose job is to continue the conservation policies of Roosevelt and Muir.

The Sierra Club

The Sierra Club's mission is:[1]

To explore, enjoy, and protect the wild places of the earth; To practice and promote the responsible use of the earth's ecosystems and resources; To educate and enlist humanity to protect and restore the quality of the natural and human environment; and to use all lawful means to carry out these objectives.

Question 6Question 6

►What is conservation?What is conservation?►Do you know of any items on Staten Do you know of any items on Staten

Island that are conserved by local, Island that are conserved by local, state and national government?state and national government?

Question 7Question 7

►How did President Roosevelt enforce How did President Roosevelt enforce conservation during his conservation during his administration?administration?

Review QuestionsReview Questions

►Why did the United States government Why did the United States government file a suit against the Northern file a suit against the Northern Securities Company?Securities Company?

►How did Roosevelt deal with the coal How did Roosevelt deal with the coal strike of 1902?strike of 1902?

►What did Roosevelt do to further the What did Roosevelt do to further the cause of conservation?cause of conservation?