Aim: What is Erosion? Objective: Ability to differentiate the different type of weathering Vocabulary: mechanical weathering, chemical weathering, carbonation, oxidation, hydrolysis Catalyst, sediment, glaciers
Jan 07, 2016
Aim: What is Erosion?
Objective: Ability to differentiate the different type of weathering
Vocabulary: mechanical weathering, chemical weathering, carbonation, oxidation, hydrolysisCatalyst, sediment, glaciers
Interactions of the Spheres
Definition of Erosion
Process in which weathered pieces of the lithosphere are moved from on place to another
Occurs because of Weathering
Weathering
Is the decay of rocks, minerals, mountains, and other hard surfaces of the earth
The decay breaks larger particles into smaller ones
The decay can either be mechanical or chemical or both
Physical Weathering
GravityRunning Water Freeze-Thaw CycleWind Glacier
What happens when two rocks bang into each other?
Little chips of the rocks break off Sometimes large chips, sometimes small
ones. Multiply that by 1,000,000 years Will the original rocks be larger or smaller Mechanical Weathering
Freeze-Thaw Cycle
If you put a can of soda in the freezer what happens?
The same things happens in nature when water freezes
Over millions of years – changes the lithosphere breaking parts of it into millions of pieces
Freeze Thaw
Frost Wedging
Freeze Thaw CycleWhen the rock finally breaks up there, what causes it to fall ?
Man on the Mountain, NH
This Process Created:
What happens when water rushes down a mountain
Brings everything with itSoilRocksNow multiply that effect by 10,000,000 years
How dramatic can the effect be?
Most of the sand deposits on the east coast are the weathered remains of granite mountains from …
Appalachian Mountains
Running Water
The faster the water runs,
the larger the particles (sediment)
the water is able to move !
Running Water
Running WaterMoves things “down-stream”Created the Grand Canyon over 30,000,000
yearsLiterally washed mountains down valleysAnd sometimes into the oceansCreates new landforms
Running Water
Running Water Creates Deltas
Running Water Creates Deltas
Where did this whole landform come from?
Abrasion
Moving Water
Plant Acids
Glaciers
Extremely Vast Regions of Ice/SnowMillions of Years OldContinental (Greenland – Antarctica)Mountain (Alpine) Glaciers
Glaciers
Move rock and sediment in their pathWhen they retreat (melt), the carried
remains are left behindFormed Long Island – last Ice AgeSometimes they form hill, and lakesDrumlins and the Finger Lakes
Chemical Weathering
Chemical weathering is where the rock material is changed into another substance by reacting with a chemical.
1. Oxidation:
2. Hydrolysis:
Oxidation is another form of chemical weathering
Your bicycle if made of iron What happens to it in the rain Turns to rust Oxygen + Iron = Iron Oxide (rust) Water is a catalyst = speeds up the process
Weathering can also be chemical
Carbon dioxide (air) mixes with water (rain) to form carbonic acid
Carbonic acid can dissolve some sedimentary rocks – particularly limestone
Over millions of years this forms large caves and caverns. (Howe Caverns)
Often when water combines with limestone or marble an acid is formed
Howe Caverns
LimestoneCave
Hydrolysis is another form of chemical weathering
Water has a tendency to dissolve other substances
Water is called the universal solvent When water combines with another
substance is called hydrolysis
Rates of weathering will be influenced by surface area: More surface exposed, the faster the weathering will occur.
1. What type of steam carries more sediment?
a)Fast moving
b)Slow moving
c)No correlation
2. What type of steam cause more erosion?
a)Fast moving
b)Slow moving
c)No correlation
3. During a heavy rain, a stream probably moves
a)Faster
b)Slower
c)No correlation
4. During a heavy rain, there is probably _______ erosion
a)more
b)less
c)No correlation
5. During a hurricane, there is probably _______ erosion
a)more
b)less
c)No correlation
6. There is more gravitational erosion on a ______ slope.
a)Steep
b)gentle
c)No correlation
7. There is more erosion on a ______ flowing stream
a)Steep sloping
b)Gentle sloping
c)No correlation
8. Freeze-Thaw reactions
a)Create sediment
b)Reverse seditment
c)No correlation
9. How was Long Island created
1. Chemical Weathering
2. Erosion
3. Glaciers (glaciations)
10. Deltas are created from
1. Wave Action
2. Carried sediment from upstream
3. Glaciers