Aim: How is all life on Earth related? How did Darwin change biology? Date: September 16, 2013 Catalyst: Dr. Dre is conducting an experiment to determine whether listening to The Next Episode raises or lowers heart rates of listeners. How might Dr. Dre design his experiment? What would the control be? What about the independent and dependent variables? Friday, September 20, 13
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Aim: How is all life on Earth related? How did Darwin
change biology? Date: September 16, 2013
Catalyst: Dr. Dre is conducting an experiment to determine whether
listening to The Next Episode raises or lowers heart rates of listeners. How might
Dr. Dre design his experiment? What would the control be? What about the
independent and dependent variables?
Friday, September 20, 13
Agenda
• Levels of Organization
• Unity of Life
• Diversity of Life
• Pre-Darwinian Ideas
• Darwinian Revolution
Friday, September 20, 13
The Unity of Life
Friday, September 20, 13
The Unity of Life• 3 Domains
• Bacteria• Archaea• Eukarya
• Share traits, such as utilizing DNA to store genetic material.
Friday, September 20, 13
The Diversity of Life• Though life shares a common origin, there is
great diversity in form and function.
Friday, September 20, 13
Pre-Darwinian Ideas
• Aristotle
• Species were unchanging
• Linnaeus
• Grouped organisms by traits using binomial nomenclature
Friday, September 20, 13
Pre-Darwinian Ideas
• Lamarck
• Use and Disuse
• Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
• Drive to become more complex
Friday, September 20, 13
Darwinian Revolution
• Charles Darwin
• Travelled on the HMS Beagle at the age of 22
• Naturalist surveying the South American Coast
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Friday, September 20, 13
Friday, September 20, 13
Darwinian Revolution
• Focus on adaptation - inherited characteristics that enhance survival and reproduction
• Natural Selection - Organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Friday, September 20, 13
Darwinian Revolution
• Alfred Russel Wallace
• On the Origin of Species
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Darwinian Revolution
• Evolution- Descent with modification
• Artificial Selection - Selective breeding for individuals that possess desired traits.
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Friday, September 20, 13
Darwinian Revolution
• Based his argument on the following observations:
1. There is variation in traits.
2. Species produce more offspring than the environment can support. Many of these fail to survive and reproduce.
Friday, September 20, 13
Friday, September 20, 13
Darwinian Revolution
• From these observations, he inferred:
1. Those with traits that give a higher chance of survivng and reproducing leave more offspring.
2. Unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to accumulation of favorable traits in population.
Friday, September 20, 13
RED LIGHT
•In a few sentences, explain how Darwin’s work changed the world’s idea of how life on Earth came about.