Aim: How did Labor Unions respond to the working conditions of the Industrial Revolution? Do Now: Turn to the next slide and begin your journey. Complete.

Aim: How did Labor Unions respond to the working conditions of the Industrial Revolution? Do Now: Turn to the next slide and begin your journey. Complete all assignments in your notes as you go through.

HW: Half period test tomorrow. Study!

ActivityActivity: Observe the following photographs and : Observe the following photographs and identify the different impactsidentify the different impacts industrialization on labor. industrialization on labor. WriteWrite the impacts in your notes. the impacts in your notes. WriteWrite any other any other additional response you have to the images. additional response you have to the images.

While viewing each photograph think about the following:While viewing each photograph think about the following: Who is doing the work?Who is doing the work? What are the hazards?What are the hazards? What type of work are they doing? Would they need What type of work are they doing? Would they need

training? (skilled vs. unskilled)training? (skilled vs. unskilled) Think about these questions when you are looking at the Think about these questions when you are looking at the

pictures!pictures! What was it like to live during this time period?What was it like to live during this time period?

Part I: Working Conditions- Part I: Working Conditions- What do you see? What do What do you see? What do

you think of it?you think of it?

Every year approximately 200 miners per mine died. Here is an Every year approximately 200 miners per mine died. Here is an example of a cemetery where the industry that may have put them example of a cemetery where the industry that may have put them

there in the background. there in the background.

A group of miners pose for a picture……. 2000 feet underground!!!!! That is A group of miners pose for a picture……. 2000 feet underground!!!!! That is almost ½ of a mile!almost ½ of a mile!

3 miners waiting to use the primitive elevator to 3 miners waiting to use the primitive elevator to lower them into the mining shaft for a days work!lower them into the mining shaft for a days work!

Working Conditions- What did you see? Working Conditions- What did you see? Make sure you took notes!Make sure you took notes!

Record your findings!Record your findings!

Part II. Women and Children in the Workplace – What do you see?

How is Big Business treating its workers according to the picture?How is Big Business treating its workers according to the picture?

Children stand on the machine while it is Children stand on the machine while it is in motion!!!!in motion!!!!

Here is a Here is a SIX SIX year old girl working in a cotton millyear old girl working in a cotton mill

Look Look carefully, what is missing?carefully, what is missing?

What occupational (job) hazards can you find in this picture?What occupational (job) hazards can you find in this picture?

A candle would be placed into his hat to provide light while working in the mines!

The taller boy standing to the right oversees the breaker boys The taller boy standing to the right oversees the breaker boys who separate the coal from the stones during mining. The who separate the coal from the stones during mining. The

machine used is moving quickly and they are not allowed to machine used is moving quickly and they are not allowed to wear gloves! Why might this be dangerous?wear gloves! Why might this be dangerous?

Women sewing in a garment Women sewing in a garment factory.factory.

Women canning fruits in order to Women canning fruits in order to preserve them!preserve them!

Women and Children in the Women and Children in the Workplace – What did you Workplace – What did you

see? What do you think of it?see? What do you think of it?

Record your findings!Record your findings!

STOP!!!STOP!!!

►DirectionsDirections: Now look at your : Now look at your observations about how observations about how industrialization impacted labor and industrialization impacted labor and using an example (evidence) from using an example (evidence) from each category copy and answer the each category copy and answer the question below in your notesquestion below in your notes

►EQ: How did Industrialization EQ: How did Industrialization impact labor in the United States?impact labor in the United States?

NEXT STEPS!NEXT STEPS!

►Discuss with your partner and Discuss with your partner and answer in your notes (think about answer in your notes (think about your hw):your hw):

►What do you thinkWhat do you think needs to be done needs to be done to solve the problems created by to solve the problems created by industrialization?industrialization?

What actually happens?What actually happens?

LABOR MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED LABOR MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES TAKES PLACE!!!STATES TAKES PLACE!!!

The American Federation of Labor The American Federation of Labor (AFL)(AFL)

CausesCauses= founded by Samuel Gompersfounded by Samuel Gompers= made up of skilled workers who had belonged to made up of skilled workers who had belonged to

national trade unions and needed a group to fight for national trade unions and needed a group to fight for their rights as workerstheir rights as workers

ResultsResults- gained better working conditions by “collective gained better working conditions by “collective

bargaining” or group negotiations. Used strikes as bargaining” or group negotiations. Used strikes as well.well.

- higher pay & shorter hourshigher pay & shorter hours- favored the use of strikesfavored the use of strikes- 1900 AFL = leading union in the US1900 AFL = leading union in the US

Eugene DebsEugene Debs► Believed that unions should include all kinds Believed that unions should include all kinds

of workersof workers► Formed the American railway Union which Formed the American railway Union which

consisted of many unskilled workers.consisted of many unskilled workers.► He successfully won higher wages in a strikeHe successfully won higher wages in a strike► Was a Socialist-meaning he favored more Was a Socialist-meaning he favored more

government control of business so that government control of business so that wealth would be equally distributed wealth would be equally distributed amongst the population. He hated that the amongst the population. He hated that the rich were getting richer and the poor were rich were getting richer and the poor were getting poorer?getting poorer?

Answer in your notes: Would Eugene Debs have agreed with Karl Marx’s ideas? Explain!!!!

How did these Unions How did these Unions achieve their goals? The achieve their goals? The

Strike!Strike!► In the next series of slides, you will In the next series of slides, you will

read about three major strikes that read about three major strikes that took place. For each strike, answer the took place. For each strike, answer the following:following:

►1) What led to the strike?1) What led to the strike?►2) Was the strike successful in your 2) Was the strike successful in your

opinion? Why or why not?opinion? Why or why not?

Haymarket Square Chicago 1886 Haymarket Square Chicago 1886 CAUSESCAUSES= workers from McCormick Harvesting Machine workers from McCormick Harvesting Machine

Company struck for an 8 hour day (They wanted a Company struck for an 8 hour day (They wanted a reduction in the amount of hours they worked in a reduction in the amount of hours they worked in a given day). However, the Knights of Labor (union) given day). However, the Knights of Labor (union) did not support their actions.did not support their actions.

= police came - four strikers killed and several police came - four strikers killed and several wounded.wounded.

= next day at a rally in Haymarket Square- anarchists next day at a rally in Haymarket Square- anarchists spoke up against police & treatment of workers.spoke up against police & treatment of workers.

= Thousands protest the killings and during the rally Thousands protest the killings and during the rally the police break up the meeting - someone threw a the police break up the meeting - someone threw a bomb at police - 7 police die. In response the police bomb at police - 7 police die. In response the police spray the crowd with bullets and 10 more workers spray the crowd with bullets and 10 more workers die with another 50 injured.die with another 50 injured.

Effect/Result: Anti-Labor feelings sweep the nation and membership in the Knights of Labor Union fell drastically!

Haymarket pictures-Haymarket pictures-

Causes: Haymarket Square prior to the demonstration as protestors being to rally because of the poor treatment they received..

Results: Police respond to the protestors and a bomb goes off… The result-. In response the . In response the police spray the crowd police spray the crowd with bullets and 10 more with bullets and 10 more workers die with another workers die with another 50 injured.50 injured.

THE GREAT RAILROAD STRIKE THE GREAT RAILROAD STRIKE OF 1877 OF 1877

CAUSESCAUSES The great Railroad Strike The great Railroad Strike

of 1877 began on July 16, of 1877 began on July 16, when railroad workers for when railroad workers for the Baltimore and Ohio the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad staged a Railroad staged a spontaneous strike after spontaneous strike after yet another wage cut. yet another wage cut. After President Rutherford After President Rutherford Hayes sent federal troops Hayes sent federal troops to West Virginia to save to West Virginia to save the nation from the nation from “insurrection,” the strike “insurrection,” the strike spread across the nation. spread across the nation.

RESULTSRESULTSA picture of burned A picture of burned railroad cars during the railroad cars during the mass strike.mass strike.

Discuss with partner: How did the government view the strike?

Pullman Strike: Pullman Strike:

►National Guard National Guard fires on Pullman fires on Pullman strikers, from strikers, from Harper's WeeklyHarper's Weekly (1894) (1894)

CAUSES: Owner George Pullman, who hoped to prevent labor discontent, but he was not willing to grant high wages. Pullman housed his workers in a company town. Instead of living in tenements like other industrial workers of the day, Pullman workers lived in attractive company-owned houses, with indoor plumbing, gas, and sewers.However, workers for Pullman lived in a "company town" where everything was owned by the corporation, including their housing and local store. The Pullman Company controlled every aspect of their lives, and practiced "debt slavery" Money owed was automatically deducted from workers' paychecks and frequently workers would never see their earnings at all. The workers children were responsible for the debt if the parents didn’t pay it off.

Pullman Strike continued:Pullman Strike continued:RESULTSRESULTS► During the major economic downturn of the early 1890s, George During the major economic downturn of the early 1890s, George

Pullman cut wages without reducing the workers’ rent and other Pullman cut wages without reducing the workers’ rent and other expenses. Discontented workers decided to stage a strike.expenses. Discontented workers decided to stage a strike.

► The strike effectively shut down production in the Pullman The strike effectively shut down production in the Pullman factories and led to a lockout.factories and led to a lockout.

► The strike was eventually broken up by 12,000 U.S Army troops The strike was eventually broken up by 12,000 U.S Army troops ► President Grover Cleveland ordered the troops be sent in on the President Grover Cleveland ordered the troops be sent in on the

basis that the strike interfered with the delivery of U.S. Mail. basis that the strike interfered with the delivery of U.S. Mail. ► Federal Judge in Chicago issued an injunction against the Federal Judge in Chicago issued an injunction against the

strikers ordering them to stop striking.strikers ordering them to stop striking.► By the end of the strike 13 strikers were killed and 57 were By the end of the strike 13 strikers were killed and 57 were

wounded. An estimated $80 million worth of property was wounded. An estimated $80 million worth of property was damaged damaged

► Strikers were fired and replacedStrikers were fired and replaced

CAUSESCAUSES:: Homestead Steel Strike: Workers went on strike for Homestead Steel Strike: Workers went on strike for higher wages. Management refused to negotiate and locked out higher wages. Management refused to negotiate and locked out the workers, however the workers broke in and took control of the workers, however the workers broke in and took control of

the mill. Management hired the Pinkerton Police, which is a the mill. Management hired the Pinkerton Police, which is a private security force, to take control back. 300 Pinkertons private security force, to take control back. 300 Pinkertons

arrived by barge and were greeted by the workers. For 12 hours arrived by barge and were greeted by the workers. For 12 hours a battle ensued. The end result was the Pinkertons surrendered. a battle ensued. The end result was the Pinkertons surrendered.

The union lost most of its support.The union lost most of its support.

RESULTS:RESULTS: Carnegie then requested help from the Carnegie then requested help from the Pennsylvania National Guard to restore control over Pennsylvania National Guard to restore control over the strikers after the Pinkertons had failed. Carnegie the strikers after the Pinkertons had failed. Carnegie replaced 1700 strikers with new workers called strike replaced 1700 strikers with new workers called strike

breakers (scabs). breakers (scabs).

EvaluationEvaluation: Discuss and answer in your notes: Discuss and answer in your notes

1) What was the role of labor unions in 1) What was the role of labor unions in trying to solve the problems of workers trying to solve the problems of workers

during industrialization?during industrialization? 2) What is your point of view of the 2) What is your point of view of the

helpfulness of unions during helpfulness of unions during industrialization in making changes for industrialization in making changes for

workers?workers?3) What is your point of view on how 3) What is your point of view on how

helpful the government was? helpful the government was? 4) What further changes do you think 4) What further changes do you think

need to take place to improve the need to take place to improve the situations of the workers?situations of the workers?