Aim #28: Why did America enter into a period of social reform during the early 1800s? DO NOW! 1. From your “party” yesterday, who were the 2 most interesting.

Aim #28: Why did America enter into a period of social reform during the early 1800s?

DO NOW! 1. From your “party” yesterday, who were the 2 most interesting people you met? Why?

2. Read and answer questions on your handout (either temperance or education)

The Second GreatAwakening

The Second GreatAwakening

“Spiritual Reform From Within”

[Religious Revivalism]

Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality

Temperance

Asylum &Penal

Reform

Education

Women’s Rights

Abolitionism

Question: What is the general message in both of these cartoons?

Temperance Movement Temperance Movement

Frances Willard The Beecher FamilyTheir FAMILY FEUD

photo?

1826 - American Temperance Society

“Demon Rum”!

(I) Temperance= Movement Against Alcohola. Religious based Social Reform Movement1. (1826) Evangelical Protestants created the American

Temperance Society (sign a pledge not to drink)

b. Lyman Beecher: condemned all alcohol use

c. Domestic violence, crime, poverty caused by alcoholism

d. Drinking was especially a problem for Women- husband abuse them, and kids, and drink the money.

e. Neal Dow: “Father of Prohibition”

f. (1878) Women’s Christian Temperance Union

g. (1880s) Anti-Saloon League

h. Eventually, under Progressives, will lead to prohibition of alcohol through 18th Amendment to the Constitution (repealed by 21st)

(II) Asylum and Prison Reforms

a. Dorothea Dix campaigned for better treatment of the mentally ill in insane asylums b. problem: mentally ill and criminals kept in terrible conditions 1. Her efforts resulted in improved conditions and promoted the concept that “demented” were not willfully perverse, but mentally illc. Rehabilitation is the key1. Asylum=mental health2. Prison= criminals

Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849

Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849

Looks like where Mrs. O’Malia will be going on May 6, 2016

(III) Educational Reforma. Horace Mann “Father of American Education”

1. Restore equality to society

2. Bring children of all classes together in a common learning experience

3. Equip less fortunate to advance (education a great equalizer)

b. By 1860 every state offered free public education to whites.

c. US had one of the highest literacy rates.

d. Noah Webster created improved textbooks and dictionary which helped standardize the American language

e. McGuffrey: published grade level “McGuffrey’s Readers” (lessons in morality, patriotism and idealism)

f. widespread change DID NOT come from this movement.

“Father of American Education”

Horace Mann (1796-1859)

Horace Mann (1796-1859)

children should be “molded” into a state of perfection discouraged corporal punishment established state

teacher- training programs

Women EducatorsWomen Educators• Troy, NY Female

Seminary• curriculum: math,

physics, history, geography.

• train female teachersEmma Willard(1787-1870)

Mary Lyons(1797-1849)

1837 Lyons established Mt. Holyoke [So. Hadley, MA] as the first college for women.

The McGuffey Eclectic Readers

The McGuffey Eclectic Readers

Used religious parables to teach “American values.”Teach middle class morality and respect for order“Protestant ethic” (frugality,

hard work, sobriety)

(IV) Abolitionistsa. most well-known reform groupb. The American Colonization Society established in 18171. Had a goal of supporting the new colony of Liberia in Africa, where freed slaves could go to live2. Their objective was to end slavery and then get Black people out of the USA (called “Back to Africa” movement)c. (1833) American Antislavery Society: formed by William Lloyd Garrison2. newspaper: The Liberatord. Fugitive slaves played important role: Frederick Douglass (The North Star); Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth

The LiberatorThe Liberator

Premiere issue January 1, 1831

Other White AbolitionistsOther White Abolitionists

Lewis Tappan

Arthur Tappan

James Birney

e Liberty Party.e Ran for President

in 1840 & 1844.

Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)

e Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.

e $40,000 bounty on her head.

e Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.

“Moses”

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroade “Conductor” ==== leader of the

escape

e “Passengers” ==== escaping slaves

e “Tracks” ==== routes

e “Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves

e “Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep

Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground

Railroad

Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground

Railroad