Aids by Muhammad Qasim, Aroj Bashir

Muhammad Qasim

Aroj Bashir

Dept. Environmental Sciences

University of Gujrat

WHAT IS HIV & AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Virus that damages the body's defense system,

stopping it from effectively fighting infections. The virus lives in certain body fluids, such as

blood, semen, and vaginal fluids.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) A person has developed AIDS when they are

affected by certain infections and cancers because their body's defenses are weakened.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIV AND AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

HIV is the virus which attacks the T-cells in the immune system.

AIDS is the syndrome which appears in advanced stages of HIV infection.

HIV is a virus. AIDS is a medical condition.

HISTORY OF AIDS

First appearing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1959.

AIDS arrived in the United States in 1981.

The HIV virus was discovered in 1983.

The cocktail first became available in 1995, contributing to a significant decrease in AIDS deaths in the Western world.

History of AIDS from beginning 1981 to 2012.

LIFE CYCLE OF AIDS

HIV can infect multiple cells in your body.

Including brain cells, but its main target is the CD4

lymphocyte, also called a T-cell or CD4 cell.

A CD4 cell is infected with HIV, the virus goes

through multiple steps to reproduce itself and create

many more virus particles.

LIFE CYCLE OF AIDS

LIFE CYCLE OF AIDS

The life cycle process of aids is broken up into the following steps.

Binding and Fusion Reverse Transcription Transcription Assembly Budding These steps of the life-cycle of HIV are important to

know because the medications used to control HIV infection act to interrupt this replication cycle

LIFE CYCLE OF AIDS

CAUSING OF AIDS

The disease progresses in the absence of antiretroviral therapy.

The rate of disease progression varies widely between individuals and depends on many factors.

CAUSING OF AIDS

Factors of

AIDS Progres

sion

Age of the patient

Body's ability to defend against HIV/AIDS

Access to health care

Existence of coexisting infections

The infected person's genetic inheritance

CAUSING OF AIDS

HIV/AIDS can be transmitted through:

Sexual transmission Prenatal transmission Blood transmission By sharing unsterilized

needles, syringes, and other injecting equipment

By artificial insemination with HIV infected semen

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT HIV /AIDS

The virus CANNOT be transmitted from:

Shaking hands Sneezing Touching unbroken skin Using the same toilet Sharing towels Sharing cutlery Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation Other forms of "casual contact"

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HIV/AIDS

The symptoms of HIV are the result of infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.

Signs and symptoms of early HIV infection

Asymptomatic HIV infection

Late-stage HIV infection


Signs and symptoms of early HIV infectionSymptoms of early HIV infection may include:

Fever Chills Joint pain Muscle ache Sore throat Sweats (particularly at night) Enlarged glands A red rash Tiredness Weakness Weight loss


Asymptomatic HIV/AIDS Infection In many cases, after the initial symptoms disappear,

there will not be any further symptoms for many years.

During this time, the virus carries on developing and damages the immune system.

This process can take up to 10 years. The infected person will experience no symptoms,

feel well and appear healthy.


Late-stage HIV/AIDS Infection

Signs and symptoms of late-stage HIV infection may include: Blurred vision Diarrhea, which is usually persistent or

chronic Dry cough Fever of above 37C (100F) lasting for weeks Night sweats Permanent tiredness Shortness of breath Swollen glands lasting for weeks Weight loss White spots on the tongue or mouth

PRECAUTIONS OF AIDS

Unprotected Sex Drug abuse and

needle sharing Body fluid exposure Pregnancy Education

MANAGING HIV/AIDS Adherence General Health Additional precautions Long-term condition Psychological