AIDA-D7.1 AIDA Advanced European Infrastructures for Detectors at Accelerators Deliverable Report Transnational Access to JSI, Slovenia Cindro, V. (JSI) et al 29 January 2015 The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission under the FP7 Research Infrastructures project AIDA, grant agreement no. 262025. This work is part of AIDA Work Package 7: Transnational access European irradiation facilities. The electronic version of this AIDA Publication is available via the AIDA web site <http://cern.ch/aida> or on the CERN Document Server at the following URL: <http://cds.cern.ch/search?p=AIDA-D7.1> AIDA-D7.1
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AIDA-D7.1
AIDAAdvanced European Infrastructures for Detectors at Accelerators
Deliverable Report
Transnational Access to JSI, Slovenia
Cindro, V. (JSI) et al
29 January 2015
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commissionunder the FP7 Research Infrastructures project AIDA, grant agreement no. 262025.
This work is part of AIDA Work Package 7: Transnational access European irradiationfacilities.
The electronic version of this AIDA Publication is available via the AIDA web site<http://cern.ch/aida> or on the CERN Document Server at the following URL:
1. DESCRIPTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................................................................. 4
2. SUMMARY OF TA PROVIDED ............................................................................................................................. 5
3. HIGHLIGHTS OF TA RESULTS ........................................................................................................................... 5
ANNEX 1: LIST OF TA PROJECTS ............................................................................................................................... 8
ANNEX 2: LIST OF TA PUBLICATIONS ................................................................................................................... 12
TRANSNATIONAL ACCESS TO JSI, SLOVENIA
AIDA-Del-D7.1
Date: 29/01/2015
Grant Agreement 262025 PUBLIC 4 / 15
Executive summary
The deliverable report describes the transnational access to the reactor irradiation facility of the Jožef
Stefan Institute in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Within the AIDA project this was part of WP7, providing TA to
European Irradiation Facilities.
The infrastructure consists of a TRIGA-Mark-II reactor with hot-cell laboratories and various neutron
irradiation facilities. With channels leading to the reactor core it can provide fast neutron fluences up
to 1016 cm-2 within one hour. The unit of access is a reactor hour, including sample preparation, cool
off and handling.
A total of 630 access units were provided to 169 AIDA users servicing 75 projects. All irradiations
were carried out without user presence on-site; the samples were received, irradiated and
subsequently shipped to users by JSI staff. Therefore, with the consent of AIDA management, foreseen
user support resources were reallocated to irradiation manpower and an increase of access units from
540 to 600.
The projects were focused on irradiation needs of the LHC high-luminosity upgrade, although some
of the effort went also in the ILC detectors and generic irradiation hardness studies. Principal
investigators originated from 9 European countries. ATLAS and CMS experiments dominated the
communities served.
44 scientific publications, acknowledging the TA support of the JSI facility under the AIDA framework
are listed. The estimated impact is still higher, as many of the users neglected their obligation
stipulated in the application form to inform us about the related publications.
1. DESCRIPTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE
The infrastructure consists of a TRIGA-Mark-II reactor with hot-cell laboratories and various neutron
irradiation facilities. Reactor power is 250 kW, maximum total flux is 6x1012 cm-2s-1 (central channel).
Reactor is equipped with several in-core and ex-core irradiation channels. Typical flux in the in-core
channels is 1-6 x1012cm-2s-1, and in the ex-core channels < 1011cm-2s-1. Typical thermal-to-total flux
ratio is 1/8. Maximum uninterrupted irradiation time is 16h. Irradiation facilities (channels) are
described in detail in: http://www.rcp.ijs.si/ric/description-a.html
The reactor is equipped for irradiation of various samples. Irradiation and manipulation is safe and
simple. Hot-cell laboratory with manipulators for remote handling is available for highly radioactive
samples, connected to the reactor by two automatic pneumatic transfer lines. Reactor staff is licensed
for and experienced in performing the irradiations for scientific and other purposes.
The reactor is routinely used in the following research:
1. Neutronics and reactor physics
2. Activation analysis
3. Neutron dosimetry and spectrometry
4. Neutron radiography
5. Activation of materials, nuclear waste and decommissioning
6. Irradiation of materials for fusion reactors
7. Irradiation of detectors, test structures and electronics for HEP
Irradiation of neutron activation samples (1500 per year); irradiation of other samples (50 per year),
neutron radiography, training of NPP operators and other reactor specialists (20 per year)
2. SUMMARY OF TA PROVIDED
User-projects
Users supported
Units of access
(JSI = 1 irradiation hour including
preparation and handling) Eligible
submissions Selected
Total delivered
(M1-M48) 77 75 169 630
Total foreseen in
the GA (M1-M48) 90 54 540
The two projects were rejected in the initial stage of the project for formal reasons. This prompted us
to require applicants to discuss their project with the facility leader before submitting. All subsequently
submitted projects were accepted by the USP.
With the consent of AIDA management, foreseen user support resources were reallocated to irradiation
manpower and an increase of access units from 540 to 600.
The delivered users supported refers to the
number of users on the application forms of the
projects executed, the foreseen , however, to the
users that would receive support for executing
the irradiations.
The distribution of access units per year exhibits
a rather flat distribution in the first 3 years. In
the fourth year the TA ran out of access units
and although an additional 30 units were
delivered beyond the initial commitment,
finally user projects had to be turned down or
executed on cost of the proponents.
3. HIGHLIGHTS OF TA RESULTS
The main focus of the users is the foreseen upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN to higher
luminosity (HL-LHC). The JSI TA facility was mainly used to irradiate sensors, electronics and
module prototypes to the extremely high doses expected at HL-LHC. Sensors include planar silicon,
3-D silicon, HV-CMOS and diamond. A limited proportion of projects dealt with irradiation of devices
for the B-factories and the linear collider.
The distribution of projects according to origin of the principal investigator shows a good coverage of
the European Research Area. 9 countries are represented, their shares roughly reflecting their leadership in the upgrade in tracking detectors for the LHC. The CH label encompasses CERN and is
therefore overrepresented.
210, 33%
200, 32%
171.5, 27%
48.5, 8%
Access units per year
2011
2012
2013
2014
TRANSNATIONAL ACCESS TO JSI, SLOVENIA
AIDA-Del-D7.1
Date: 29/01/2015
Grant Agreement 262025 PUBLIC 6 / 15
The distribution of projects according to communities shows a share in excess of 50 % of the two big
LHC experiments, followed by the generic studies within the CERN RD50 generic radiation hard
sensor development project (cern.ch/rd50/). Among the “Other” there are studies aimed at the ILC,
generic studies of electronics and components etc.
One of the highlights resulting from AIDA TA to JSI reactor was the choice and verification of sensor
technology for the module prototypes of ATLAS IBL, the pixel layer closest to the beam instated into
the existing pixel detector. The required benchmark fluence is 6x1015 neq/cm2. Several of the prototype
sensors and modules were irradiated in the scope of AIDA-JSI-2011-02. The results of module tests
were published in 2012 JINST 7 P11010.
In the figure above the 2D efficiency map for the CNM 81 module using normal incident tracks (mean
efficiency 97.5%) is shown. CNM81 (3-D), irradiated with neutrons to 5x1015 neq/cm2, is operated at
a bias voltage of 160 V. All dimensions are in microns.
The table shows the resulting tracking efficiency for CERN beam test samples. The magnetic field was
1.6 T with the field aligned as for the ATLAS solenoid. The efficiency measurement for the FBK 87
module was made at the DESY beam in April 2012, all other measurements were made at the CERN
test beams. Modules PPS L2&L4 (planar) and CNM 81 (3-D) were irradiated as part of AIDA-JSI-
2011-02.
These tests served as the basis for validation of the module technology. Subsequent production allowed
for a timely construction of IBL, which was inserted into ATLAS in 2014 and is awaiting operation in