AIA News 140 Spring 2007 - The Association for Industrial Archaeology …industrial-archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04… · · 2016-04-28industrial archaeology from its

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY

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Prof Angus Buchanan � Marilyn Palmer � Egypt � RIP � Ditherington MillBreweries � Long Eaton Day School � Lincoln Castle � City of Adelaide

156SPRING

2011

At the AGM in Cornwall in September this year,Professor Angus Buchanan stood down from theposition of Honorary President which he hadfilled for three terms of three years, from 2001-2010. This new role was created at the AGM inCambridge in 2001, when Council decided thatthe increasing activities of the AIA meant thatboth a Chairman and a President was necessary ifAIA was to fulfil all its objectives. Angus has filledthis role with great dedication and readers of theNewsletter will be familiar with pictures of hispresentations of cheques to award winners andplaques to sites and museums who have won theannual President’s Awards following the annualconference.

This was not, of course, the first role thatAngus has played in AIA. His successful Bathconferences in the early 1960s eventually becameperipatetic and finally, in the Isle of Man in 1973,led to the formation of AIA. Tom Rolt was electedas its first President but sadly died within a fewmonths and Angus then took over, remaining asPresident (the role now styled as Chairman) until1977, himself handing over to Neil Cossons. From1967-70, he had been the Founding President ofthe Bristol Industrial Archaeology Society (BIAS),one of the most successful of the early county IAsocieties. Outside AIA, Angus also served asChairman of the CBA’s Industrial ArchaeologyCommittee, on various committees for theNational Trust in support of the conservation ofindustrial sites, as a Commissioner with the RoyalCommission on the Historical Monuments ofEngland and as President of the NewcomenSociety. With his wife Brenda, also a familiarfigure to AIA conference attendees, he has alsoplayed a major role in the internationalcommittee for the history of technology,ICOHTEC. Angus had, of course, founded theCentre for the Study of the History of Technologyat the University of Bath, where he had started asa lecturer in economic and social history at whatwas then Bristol College of Science andTechnology in 1960.

The publications that Angus has produced aretoo many to list here. Like many others, I was firstinspired to study industrial archaeology as a

result of reading his seminal book, IndustrialArchaeology in Britain (1972). He was particularlyinterested in the great engineers and publishedThe Engineers: a History of the EngineeringProfession in Britain (1989) and The Power of theMachine: the impact of technology from 1799 tothe present day (1992). The recent two hundredthanniversary of the birth of Brunel kept him busywith many external lectures as well as thepublication of Brunel: the life and times ofIsambard Kingdom Brunel (2006). Those whoattended last September’s conference in Cornwallwill always remember his very successfulorganisation of a seminar to commemorate whatwould have been the hundredth birthday of TomRolt.

We all hope that we shall continue to seeAngus and Brenda at conferences and mostsincerely thank him for his championship ofindustrial archaeology from its earliest days, forhis support of AIA throughout the whole period ofits existence and particularly, of course, for thededication he has shown most recently infulfilling the role of Honorary President.

Marilyn Palmer

Our New PresidentMarilyn Palmer took over from Angus Buchananas AIA’s Honorary President at the AGM inCornwall in September 2010. Like herpredecessor, she has been involved with AIA for along time, first serving as Affiliated SocietiesLiaison Officer and subsequently as Chairman ofCouncil on two occasions and as Editor, jointlywith the late Peter Neaverson, of IndustrialArchaeology Review from 1984 to 2001.

Although she read History at the University ofOxford (where she first attended a seminar on IAin 1964) and spent ten years in teacher trainingbefore becoming a member of, and then Head of,the History Department of LoughboroughUniversity, Marilyn took a postgraduatequalification in archaeology and taught eveningclasses in industrial archaeology for over thirtyyears. Her fieldwork in the East Midlands, Walesand Cornwall was entirely carried out with

2—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS—156

INDUSTRIALARCHAEOLOGY

NEWS 156Spring 2011

Honorary PresidentProf Marilyn Palmer63 Sycamore Drive, Groby, Leicester LE6 0EWChairmanTony Crosby 261 Stansted Road, Bishop’s Stortford, Herts CM23 2BTVice-ChairmanMark Sissons 33 Burgate, Pickering, North Yorkshire YO18 7AUSecretaryBarry Hood9 Kennerty Park, Peterculter, Aberdeen AB14 0LETreasurerBruce Hedge7 Clement Close, Wantage, Oxon OX12 7EDIA Review EditorDr David GwynNant y Felin, Llanllyfni Road, Pen y Groes, Caernarfon LL54 6LYIA News EditorChris BarneyThe Barn, Back Lane, Birdingbury CV23 8ENAffiliated Societies OfficerVacantConference SecretaryJohn McGuinness29 Altwood Road, Maidenhead SL6 4PBEndangered Sites OfficerDr Mike NevellUniversity of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WTLibrarian and ArchivistJohn Powellc/o IGMT, Ironbridge, Telford, Shrops TF8 7DQPublicity OfficerRoy Murphy3 Wellington Road, Ombersley, Worcs WR9 0DZRecording Awards OfficerDr Victoria Beauchamp3 Parsonage Court, Parsonage Crescent, Walkley, Sheffield S6 5BJSales OfficerRoger FordBarn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire WV15 6AFCouncil MembersDavid Alderton (Heritage Link)Chris BarneyMike BoneDr Robert Carr (BA Awards)Dr Paul Collins (Partnerships)Steve DewhirstHelen Gomersall (co-editor IA Review)David Lyne (Conservation Award)Michael Messenger (Website manager)Stephen Miles (Conference bookings)Prof Marilyn PalmerAmber PatrickPaul Saulter (overseas trips)Mark Watson (TICCIH GB National Rep)Ian West (Health & Safety)Honorary Vice-PresidentsProf Angus Buchanan Sir Neil CossonsProf John Hume Stuart B. Smith

Liaison OfficerDavid de Haan and Anne Lowes (assistant), AIA LiaisonOffice, The Ironbridge Institute, Ironbridge Gorge Museum,Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX. Tel: 01325 359846. E-mail: [email protected]: www.industrial-archaeology.org

COVER PICTURE

Heritage of Industry visit inside the Alexandria PortAuthority Building

Photo: Bill Barksfield

Our first Honorary President retires

Prof Angus Buchanan Prof Marilyn Palmer

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS—156—3

volunteers and she continues to advocate theimportance of the role of the volunteer as a Vice-President of the Council for British Archaeologyas well as with AIA. Marilyn was eventually ableto pursue her archaeological interests atuniversity level following her move to theUniversity of Leicester, joining the School ofArchaeological Studies (now the School ofArchaeology and Ancient History) and becomingHead of Department from 2000-2006. Herappointment to a Chair in Industrial Archaeologywas a recognition of the increasing importancethe discipline as part of both academic andprofessional archaeology, something long

advocated by her predecessor as President of AIA,Angus Buchanan. In fact, Marilyn has previouslyfollowed in Angus’s footsteps on the ArchaeologyPanel of the National Trust and as aCommissioner with the Royal Commission on theHistorical Monuments of England from 1993 untilits amalgamation with English Heritage in 1999.

With Peter Neaverson, Marilyn has publishedIndustrial Landscapes of the East Midlands(1992), Industry in the Landscape: 1700-1900(1994) Industrial Archaeology: Principles andPractice (1998) and The Textile Industry in South-west England: a Social Archaeology (2005), aswell as other books and articles, particularly on

mining and textiles. As an archaeologist, she isconcerned to show that the archaeological aswell as documentary evidence for the earlymodern period can make a substantialcontribution to the ongoing debate on the originsand development of industrialisation in bothBritain and Europe. The topic for her LeverhulmeEmeritus Fellowship, following her retirementfrom the University of Leicester in 2008, is aninvestigation into the social and landscapeconsequences of technological innovation oncountry house estates from the 18th to the 20thcenturies, which has proved to be almost as full-time as her previous posts in universities.

A Heritage of Industry tour from 16-23 Octoberexplored parts of Egypt unknown to mosttourists. In visiting the new Alexandria Libraryand the Suez Canal as well as more typicalindustrial features, the participants were wellrewarded.

Richard Hartree

There were 26 people on this visit, most AIA orNewcomen members. Several arrived early orstayed on after to visit ancient, or other, aspectsof Egypt.

The visit was made possible by Paul Saulter’sfriend David Wardrop who is Chairman of theInternational Friends of the Alexandria Libraryand had the experience and contacts needed tofind our way through the Egyptian bureaucracy. Itis almost impenetrable. High level people mighthave given approval for our visits but those whohad to handle them were often unaware, leadingto last minute changes of plan. Thanks to Davidand our local guide/translator we did achievemost of the planned visits.

We all flew into Cairo and travelled to ourfirst planned visit in Alexandria by train or coach.The train journey was quicker and went directlyacross the agricultural land of the Nile delta. Thecoach journey, after leaving the shabby outskirtsof Cairo, went by the new Desert Highway, whichran on the western edge of the desert

overlooking the delta. It showed us the largeextent of unplanned, speculative developmentbetween the two cites and included a quitefamiliar rest stop and service station. OurAlexandria hotel was on the Cornicheoverlooking the sea. All the buildings were veryshabby needing, at least, a coat of paint. Thetraffic on the Corniche was horrendous withpedestrian crossings far apart and the localsrisking their lives to cross. The centuries old classand style of Alexandria seemed to be absent.

Our first visit was to the new library, theBiblioteca Alexandrina. It was introduced to us byDr Mohsen Zahran who had been the firstDirector. It was founded for two purposes. Onewas to be the library for the University ofAlexandria founded by King Farouk in August1942. The other was to be a focus for thereestablishment of Alexandria as a centre ofculture with the degree of openness andscholarship that it had had in ancient times. Thisremarkable building houses millions of books andmanuscripts, an internet archive, 2000 desktopaccess points, eight specialist research centres,fifteen permanent exhibitions and more. It is opento all through the internet. There is also aConference Centre, a Planetarium and a Historyof Science Museum in separate buildings.

The design of the library was selected by anopen international competition and the winnerswere a group of four young Norwegian architects

who had never before worked on a project of thissize. This placed extra demands on thecontractors but all worked out well. Theconstruction was done in two stages and it wasbefore the second that it was realised that digitaltechnology would be the way for libraries of thefuture and the necessary building design changeswere incorporated. The roof slopes to thenorthwest with windows that provide gooddaylight in the Reading Room but no directsunlight. There are four basement floors, anentrance floor and five floors above but becauseof the inclined roof all floors do not cover theentire circular plan. The overall effect is visuallyvery striking from both outside and inside. Thereis no trace of local architectural or decorativetraditions. It is a truly great modern building.

Following lunch on the surrounding patio wereverted to true AI type with a visit to theAlexandria tram services repair workshops fortheir older trams. These were German and hadcome second hand from Copenhagen in the1960s. The seats and bodywork showed their agebut their mechanical parts were still giving goodservice. They had a total of 90 trams of which 70-80 were kept in service, a creditable performance.We had a short ride on a privately owned 1920svintage tram. It was during this tram ride that wefirst became aware of our Tourist Police escort.We were always escorted by a police car andaccompanied in the coach by an armed

Egypt

Inside the Biblioteca Alexandrina Photo: Bill BarksfieldDr Zahran and David Wardrop Photo: Bill Barksfield


The Biblioteca Alexandrina as seen across the water from Fort QaitbeyPhoto: Bill Barksfield

AIA members getting up close and personal with the underside of a tram at the workshopsPhoto: Bill Barksfield

Container ship going north on the Suez Canal at the junction with Lake TimsahPhoto: Bill Barksfield

One of the Suez Canal Authority’s largest tugs on Lake TimsahPhoto: Bill Barksfield

plainclothes man! Tourism is Egypt’s secondlargest foreign currency earner and is well lookedafter.

In the evening we went to Montazah Palacefor dinner. An amazing 1890s building, it isreputed to have been built for a mistress of theKhedive of the time, with an ‘over the top’ interiorin a mixture of styles. It was in keeping with theold Alexandria and a great place for dinner.Nearby we looked at one of Alexandria’swindmills; wind had been the only source ofpower until steam arrived. After dinner there wasa concert for the opening of AlexFest 2010 held inthe Great Hall of the Library Conference Centre. Ithad been a full day!

The following morning we intended to visitsites in the Western Harbour of the AlexandriaPort Authority. It turned out that some of thesewere ‘off limits’ for us as they were on landowned by the Egyptian military who would allowno visitors. However, we were able to visitcommercial parts of the Port Authority’s harbour,largely by viewing from the coach. The mainEgyptian cruise ship terminal is here. This canhandle five ships at a time and has a newretail/hospitality building which was still seekinga tenant. 171 cruise ships and 250 000 peoplevisited in 2009. The various types of cargo haveseparate ‘ports’. In 2009 nearly 6000 ships, 45.5Mtonnes of cargo and 1.25M containers werehandled. We also visited the Port Authority’s

museum; it was rather outdated in itspresentation. There were some warehouses of the1800s.

Following this we went to the Qaitbey Fortwhich was built over the site of the ancientPharos. Lunch was taken at the nearby FishMarket. In the afternoon we visited the Romanamphitheatre. Alexandria had certainly providedus with plenty of variety.

The next morning we set off by coach forIsmailia. The road took us east across the Niledelta crossing the Rosetta and the Damietabranches. We were able to see the heavilycultivated land of the delta and as we got furthereast the dunes on the coast near Port Said.Security was very tight. We were unable to visitthe El Ferdan railway bridge which is reputed tobe the longest swing bridge in the world.

Ismailia was developed by the French duringthe construction of the canal in the 1860s. It lieson the freshwater Lake Timsah and is a pleasantgreen city with many spacious houses. We had abrief visit to the Ismailia museum with itsremarkable Roman floor mosaic and a variety ofsmall finds from the district. Afterwards we wentto the house where De Lesseps, the Frenchdiplomat who managed to bring the Egyptian andFrench parties to the project together, lived duringthe construction of the canal; a nice house with apleasant garden. The original bed hangingslooked distinctly sad.

The following visit to the Suez CanalAuthority was a high point of our trip. We hadhad, the evening before, a comprehensive lectureby Dr Mamdouh Hamza, on the history of canalsin Egypt including the challenges faced by thosewho built the Suez Canal. We took a brief cruiseon Lake Timsah going close to where the Lake andthe canal join. Huge bulk carriers wereprogressing slowly north, separated by about tenminutes - their stopping distance. It was a mostimpressive sight. The original canal had taken 10years to dig, cost FF369M, employed 1.2MEgyptian workers of whom 120 000 died. Sincethe reopening of the canal in 1975, after theCamp David peace treaty with Israel, it has beendeepened and widened in four stages to itscurrent 22.5m depth and 5200m² cross section totake 240 000t vessels. This includes all containerships, 97% of bulk carriers and 62% of tankers.Canal tolls are based on the savings the vesselcan make by choosing the Canal rather than theCape route. The Authority makes its calculationand negotiates the toll for passage with theowner/operator. The Canal revenues amount to$1M a day, making it by the far the largest foreigncurrency earner for Egypt. It is no wonder thatsecurity is so tight.

We learned that the canal’s width limits it toone way traffic and the Authority operates tomaximise revenue so northbound, with generallythe more valuable cargoes, has precedence. One

continuous convoy starts from Suez at midnight.Southbound there are two convoys a day, onestarting at 7 am waits in passing places to allowthe northbound convoy to go by. Vessels arepiloted through the whole length with separatepilots for each of three sections. We had the goodfortune to see the 210° simulator used for thetraining of pilots. Training is also given to ship’scaptains so they can work better with the pilots.We saw the new 360° simulator underinstallation. This will be able to represent twotugs working on a ship at the same time which isvery complicated so the simulation training isvital for tug captains and pilots. We were the firstvisitors to see it. (When cruising on Lake Nassertwo weeks later I learned that the steersman hadtrained on the Authority’s simulator.)

The coach trip back to Cairo showed us, onceagain, the extent and apparent randomness ofthe ribbon development along the highway andthe extent of the poor, shabby suburbs of Cairo.The ‘rebar forest’ of steel protruding from thetops of columns of unfinished buildings waseverywhere, explained by the fact that‘unfinished’ buildings were not taxed; a wellknown situation in Mediterranean countries.

The following morning we were to visit theEgyptian National Railways engineering base andworkshops. It proved very difficult to reach; theelevated highways, one way streets, our coach’slarge turning circle and maybe some doubts inour driver’s mind all contributing. When we

arrived there was one of our ‘the man at the gatewasn’t expecting us’ delays. Once this wasovercome we had a good visit to the passengerrolling stock and diesel engine workshops, guidedby the Chief Engineer. The engines were by GE ofthe USA and GM of Canada. Next we went toCairo’s main station to visit the Railway Museum.It is a museum of the 1930s, currently closed tothe public, with most of the exhibits covered.There was a spectacular 1852 engine, very finelypainted for use by the Khedive, built by RobertStephenson of Newcastle on Tyne. [NB. JohnPorter in his report gives the date as 1862]. Thephotographs of 1930s signals and auxiliary itemswere pleasant reminders of our youth in Britain. Isaw those same signals in use on Egyptian lineslater.

The afternoon brought a complete change ofscene, guide and period. We went to the CairoCitadel, an old fortress above the city which wasoccupied by Mahomet Ali in the early 1800s andwhere he converted some buildings into anarsenal and gun foundry. There was a chimneylined with bricks from J Ball of Alloa, well knownfor refractory bricks. Unfortunately the ‘man withthe key’ had gone home so we were unable to getin. We could see the top of the chimney and theroofs of several other buildings with their large‘windcatchers’. Our guide, Prof Ralph Bodensteinwas very knowledgeable and helpful. The citadelis a confusing complex of buildings and we endedwith a visit to the mosque built 1830-48 by

Mahomet Ali to glorify his position as ruler ofEgypt – strictly, still within the Ottoman Empire.

The following day (our last) Prof Bodensteintook us to two sites north of Cairo, in the delta.The first was the remains of a large cottonginning mill built in the 1890s and operated untilthe 1990s. Initially this was a very successfulperiod for the Egyptian cotton business. We firstlooked at the impressive castellated mainentrance and administration buildings on theriver frontage. They reminded me of the, probablyless impressive, buildings of the Lancashire cottonindustry I had seen in my youth. The remainingmill buildings consisted of two long bays, strippedof all machinery, but with the main rope-drivepulley still in place. Subsequently the ‘man withthe key’ was found and we passed through theboiler room, with two Babcock boilers of 1950,and into the engine room where there was anextraordinary engine. It was a triple expansioncross compound by Sulzer which drove the ropepulley and also housed the rotor of an ACgenerator, the stator being of smaller diameterthan the rotor. The generator was made byOerlikon and a totally Swiss conception. None ofus had seen its like before, a great IA coup for thetrip.

Later we went downstream a short way tosee two early barrages built to control theflooding by, and irrigation from, the Nile in thedelta. They were built just downstream of thedivision of the river into the Rosetta and Damietta


In the railway maintenance yards Cairo Photo: Bill BarksfieldAIA members climbing into the pilot training simulator Photo: Bill Barksfield

The entrance to the cotton ginning mill Photo: Bill Barksfield Stripped out line shafting with the main drive pulley Photo: Bill Barksfield

branches. The first was built by Mahomet Ali inabout 1840 and, the story goes, knowing that alarge quantity of stone would be needed heproposed it could most easily be obtained forthose ready cut piles - the Pyramids! Fortunatelyfor posterity, someone suggested a costcomparison be made and it showed thatquarrying would be cheaper. These barragessuffered from seepage of water seeping underthem and later in the 1800s the Britishengineered a second barrage just upstream whichwas more successful. The Aswan high dam,completed in 1971, rendered these barragesunnecessary and they are no longer used.

Our trip ended with a Son et Lumiere show atthe Pyramids that evening.

After this trip I continued to support theEgyptian economy as a tourist taking cruises onthe Nile and Lake Nasser. I found myself

wondering what remains that industry, soimportant to the Egyptian economy, is going toleave for IA visitors of a hundred or more yearshence.

This trip was Paul Saulter’s ‘swan song’ fromHeritage of Industry. All of us who havebenefitted from the trips congratulate him onfounding the business and successfully running itfor all these years. Thank you Paul. We wish thebest to Bill Barksfield who is now taking over.


Triple expansion cross compound Sulzer Photo: Bill Barksfield Oerlikon generator Photo: Bill Barksfield

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The foundry with the firmly padlocked doorPhoto: Bill Barksfield

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Held in Tampere, Finland, 10-14 August 2010,this congress combined three interlinkedconferences (ICOHTEC, TICCIH and WORKLAB)into one, an unparalleled opportunity for theexchange of ideas in a superb industrial setting.

Mark Watson, TICCIH GB representative.

There were some 370 delegates from 39countries, and 240 papers were delivered in sixparallel sessions, in both Tampere University andthe Finlayson cotton mill. This was the first properfactory in Finland, founded by a Scot in 1820 as amachine shop which, once it had made somecotton machines, started spinning, fitfully at first.A new mill built in 1837 now offers differentfloors for lectures in amongst youngentrepreneurs starting high tech telecomsbusinesses. A range of state of the art museumsof design, printing, textiles, telecoms, espionage,labour and steam engines accompanies theshops, restaurants, cinema, art studios, andnewspaper publishing, pharmaceutical and otherbusinesses within the complex. The irony of theacronym RIP was not lost on the organisers, butthese former factories are far from resting inpeace.

The adaptive re-use of the Finlayson Mill,exquisitely done, but even there not withoutsome agonising about what was sacrificed, of theTampella engineering and linen works (theMuseum Centre Vapriikki is here), and of otherenterprises on the Tammerkoski River (or Rapids)was presented in situ by well-informed andcostumed volunteer guides. A bus tour took in anoutlying aircraft factory (built 1936, now makingmachines for moving containers), Nokia andother high tech businesses, adapted shoefactories, textile and paper mills, a match factoryand a lead shot tower (1908) in Pispala. Takoboard mill was a highlight; its long paper machinestill operates behind large windows, making light

cardboard for Russian cigarette packets. Thefactory is in the very heart of the city, just off thecobbled main square, and the city authorities arein no hurry to push it out, but will know what todo with the buildings when it does shut. Anotherhighlight is the Amuri museum of working classhousing, filling an entire block of single-roomshared-kitchen timber housing.

WORKLAB is the International Association ofLabour Museums, particularly strong inScandinavia. See www.worklab.inf.

ICOHTEC, the International Committee for theHistory of Technology was founded in 1968 withUNESCO blessing as a forum for scholars oftechnology on both sides of the iron curtain. It isdrawn from academic circles and bears somesimilarity to SHOT (Society for the History ofTechnology). See www.icohtec.org.

TICCIH, The International Committee for theConservation of The Industrial Heritage, is drawnfrom historians, conservators, archaeologists,curators, researchers, students, academics andothers. The main meetings are on a three-yearcycle, and this was not one of them, but theopportunity was taken to hold short meetings ofthe Hydro-electrical/ electrochemical section, theTextile section, and a reconstituted Railwayssection. See www.ticcih.org.

Keynote lecturer Anna Storm presented industrialheritage in Avesta and Malmsberget, (Sweden)with its giant pit, 200 m deep. TICCIH PresidentPat Martin next argued that the research andactivism of TICCIH is concentrated on the ultimatepublic values of heritage. This colours and justifiesmuch of what industrial history scholars do, suchas in ICOHTEC. TICCIH projects to come include asix-language industrial glossary, a digitalnewsletter, and more examples of advocacy in

action, such as at Rheinfelden power station.Jyrki Laiho spoke on challenges for modern

Tampere: the spaces most responsive to changeare those most likely to survive in the innovativeproto-economy. Luckily Tampere has the premisesin the city centre able to provide these: 100,000m2 of old red brick buildings. City planner MikkoJarvi followed the next day with an account of theTammerkoski and its transformation over its 1.5km long, 18 metre descent between lakes. Therewere some early successes and a challenge thatwas something of a turning point. Frenckel papermill closed in 1928 and was converted into atheatre in a park, where the first Finnish woodpulp mill was recently excavated. Broadclothfactory Verkatehdas, on the other hand, wassubstantially demolished in the 1970s, triggeringa local determination to keep the others: this wasFinland’s Euston Arch. Now adaptive re-use of theothers has been achieved after hard negotiationby the city authorities. A parallel meeting (Finnsonly) considered the potential for a WorldHeritage nomination, and downplayed some localaspirations.

There followed a huge selection of otherpapers and poster presentations, amongst someon cultural territorial networks, on ERIH and theAustrian iron route. Other strands included theexperiences of workplaces, the education ofengineers, different aspects of places of memory,the uses of popular media, sustainability,industrial settlements and adaptive re-use of“Factories of the Imagination”. The Finlayson andTampella mills are just such places.

Conference website: www.tampere.fi/industrialpast2010/

TICCIH GB also took the opportunity to meetthere on 11 August 2010 (see the report in theNews section). It will meet next year in the UK, ata time and place yet to be decided.

Reusing the Industrial Past

Sulzer cross compound horizontal engine, 1899, in situ in Finlayson MillPhoto: Mark Watson

Tampella engineering and linen worksPhoto: Mark Watson


One important function of the Association is torepresent the interests of industrial archaeologyin the planning process. With the changesproposed in that process this function may beeven more important in the future. The helpneeded is described below followed by anexample where the AIA has been able to have apositive influence.

Amber Patrick

At the AGM in Cornwall last September I tookover the role of the Endangered Sites Officer fromMike Nevell but I can’t do it all on my own !

There are two parts to the role of theEndangered Sites Officer. The first and largest partis to liaise with the CBA (Council for BritishArchaeology). The CBA is one of the StatutoryConsultees. This means that they are notified bylocal authorities of works involving listedbuildings and buildings in Conservation Areas inEngland and Wales. The referrals may relate tobuildings of any age and type or function andperhaps obviously, the majority are not industrial.The categories which come under industrial areindustrial themselves, commercial/storage(warehousing), transport and water. When theCBA is notified of an application for workaffecting an industrial site, they in turn notify theAssociation’s Endangered Sites Officer - me. Ithen refer the case to a member who hasexpertise in that industry or who covers thatgeographical area. If that person considers acomment is appropriate, they will provide mewith details so that I can draft comments forsubmission by the Association’s Chairman or ViceChairman. (These days nearly all comments aremade electronically.) A copy of our comments issent to the CBA. It has to be emphasised that theAssociation is not commenting on behalf of theCBA, nor instead of them, but in addition.

At present not all industries are covered norare all geographical areas of England andWales. Do you have a good knowledge of aparticular industry or a particular geographicalarea? If so would you be interested in providinginformation to enable the Association tocomment on applications? Guidance on what youneed to do will be provided. The Association willnot require you to undertake a site visit, thoughyou may wish to do so.

The other part of the Endangered Sites Officer’sjob is to deal with requests from members. Not allwork affecting industrial sites will be referred to theStatutory Consultees but it may well come to lightlocally and then members may ask the Associationfor support against the proposals. If you or a localsociety are thinking of asking for support, allrelevant details must be provided. Again, guidancecan be provided on what details are needed. If theAssociation considers that it is appropriate toprovide support against the proposal then it will begiven. It must be emphasised that it cannot beguaranteed that a referral will be supported.

For further details on any of the above, pleasecontact me, Amber Patrick, [email protected].

Some of this Year’s EndangeredSites Casework In 2010 there have been two major cases onwhich the Association has made comments. Bothwere in respect of Grade 1 Listed textile mills,both iron framed. The first application was in thespring in respect of Stanley Mill, Stonehouse,Gloucestershire. Professor Marilyn Palmerprovided an excellent comment on behalf of theAssociation. The second application camethrough in the late summer and was in respect ofthe Ditherington Flax Mill, Shrewsbury. Againthe Association made comments. This secondapplication was the first to be determined. Therecommendation being to grant permission forthe proposed works.

Ditherington Flax MillThe importance of this Grade I building lies in itsbeing the first iron framed textile mill in theworld, with cast iron columns supporting castiron beams, completed in 1797 for BenyonMarshall and Bage. It has been stated that thismakes it the ancestor of every iron or steelframed building since. The Ditherington Flax Millsite now includes not just the original fireproofedmill but additional mill buildings, apprenticehouse, stables, dye house, and stove house. Thereare also the buildings associated with the site’ssubsequent use as a maltings initially for WilliamJones and subsequently for Allied Breweries, thelettering of which still survives on the front andback of the buildings. These buildings include alarge maltkiln attached to the main mill buildingas well as concrete silos.

The first phase of the application did notaffect all the buildings on the site, just the Flax orMain Mill, Cross Mill, Warehouse, Malt Kiln andsome associated buildings. The proposals were asfollows: the Flax Mill, also referred to as the MainMill, had its original fenestration restored.

(Windows had been bricked up during thebuilding’s malting phase when light was notessential for malt production.). This restored theoriginal look and enabled natural light to bereadily available. Two floors were to be retainedundivided - the ground and third floors. Thisenabled the more significant details such astransmission columns to be visible as well asshowing the extent of the original floor areas. TheMalt Kiln was to be used for vertical movement,a good use of the space, the resultant loss of thetwo kiln drying floors being acceptable. TheAssociation recommended that their originalposition needed to be emphasised in the externalwalls because double floors were a particularfeature of a Stopes kiln. Other kiln features,including the Suxé furnaces, were to be retainedwith the exception of the “hat” on the cowl(Lantern), apparently because of air circulation.The Association recommended that some sort of“hat” or its outline be retained because cowlswere a standard part of malt kilns and adistinctive feature in the skyline of this complex.The re-use of the Cross Mill did not presentproblems. In the Warehouse it was proposed toinsert an atrium and the Association questionedthe validity of this. However, as the intention wasto obtain as much light into the building, withminimal additional fenestration in otherwiseblank walls, it was probably an acceptableinsertion. Besides the benefit of admitting lightthe opening up allowed the junction of beamsand columns to be seen and appreciated but atthe expense of the removal of vaulted brickwork.The reason for the insertion of narrow newwindows was understood but gave that particularelevation a rather unexpected appearance.Comments were also made on the proposed newbuild and the Phase 2 proposals.

It was pleasing to note that the Association’scomments were noted and appeared in the reportfor granting permission. It is to be hoped thatwork now starts soon on this important site asthe buildings have been unused since maltingceased in 1987 and all previous plans have sadlyfallen by the wayside.

The Endangered Sites Officer needs your help

Ditherington Mill as now seen from the road Photo: Amber Patrick


AIA NEWS

Your New EditorThe new editor of IndustrialArchaeology News can be seen herethough I assure you that is not theeditorial pencil.

Although I have been a memberfor over forty years, until recently,except for a couple of earlyconferences at Ironbridge andNorwich, other commitments haveprevented me from taking muchpart in the Association’s affairs. Nowwith the termination of gainfulemployment and otherresponsibilities I intend to do more.

Once upon a time I was a civilengineer and then, during the 70s, Ibuilt canal boats before taking tofarming and later becoming afurniture maker. Structures,buildings, transport, shipping,manufacturing and processindustries and crafts all interest meand particularly the rise and fall of

businesses. I have never quitebelieved in electricity (I do knowwhat an electric shock is) and Iconfess I am not too knowledgeableabout the technical details of

railways though I once took a trainfrom Samarkand to Shanghai.

Over 61 editions Peter Stanierhas developed the News into a veryprofessional publication and hasgiven, and is giving, me a great dealof help, I intend to continue thework he has done in consolidatingthe News as the principal means ofcommunication within theAssociation.

I hope that good news will bereported as well as the bad and tosee that Industrial ArchaeologyNews continues to keep membersinformed of all that is going on.

Please help by contributing anymaterial that you would like othersto know about, both news of eventsto come and reports of those past,as well as articles on matters thatparticularly interest you. It will allhelp to keep IA News a ‘good read’.

Chris Barney

East Midlands IndustrialBuildings Day SchoolThe latest in the series of CBA / AIAday schools was held in Long Eaton,Derbyshire on Thursday 11November 2010. The theme was thehosiery mills and lace factories ofthe East Midlands. The buildings ofthese industries have been less wellstudied than the textile mills in thenorth or south-west of England buthad their own characteristics and,because they were so numerous, arenow subject to many different kindsof adaptive re-use. The industry wascentred in the area of EastDerbyshire, South Nottinghamshireand Leicestershire.

The well attended day schoolwas opened with a presentationfrom Lynne Walker of the CBA onLegislation and the PlanningProcess. This was followed byMarilyn Palmer speaking on the

Your new editorPhoto: Steve Dewhirst

Threat of closure of Young’s brewery led to thedevelopment of a partnership between the AIA,English Heritage and the Brewery History Societywhich could become a model of cooperation.

Mike Bone

Historically, the organisation of industrialarchaeology has been predominantly ‘bottom-up’with the AIA arriving as an ‘umbrella body’ onlyin 1973, sometime after a vibrant network oflocal and county societies had emerged in the1960s when there was much to see and manysites to save. The AIA has since done its best toact as the principal forum for the subject and tospeak up at national level on matters affectingthe industrial past and its heritage. We now havea large individual membership but our 60 or soaffiliated societies remain a crucial source ofsupport and a critical resource for achieving theAIA’s aims. Working with the societies has beena frequent topic of debate at recent Councilmeetings and the new editor of IA News made anappeal at our last annual conference formembers’ views on how we can develop thisrelationship. This brief article focuses on one ofour affiliates and a successful example ofpartnership working that may be one wayforward.

The Brewery History Society (BHS) wasformed a year ahead of the AIA and will celebrateits 40th anniversary in 2012. BHS has alwayssought to cater for the wide range of interests ofa membership now approaching some 500individuals and corporate members, which range

from a desire to know more about – and tosample! – their favourite beverage to a seriousacademic interest in, say, changes through time inthe business organisation, production andarchitecture of beer. BHS has a Journal andNewsletter, both appearing quarterly and nowquite substantial publications. Unlike the AIA,there is no annual conference but a well-attendedAGM, always hosted on the premises of acorporate member, includes a lecture and tour ofthe brewery, with the customary hospitality thatthe industry is noted for. The AGM has recentlybeen supplemented by visits to nearby sites onthe days before and after the meeting. Othervisits are arranged each year. Sadly, these areoften planned just prior to the frequent breweryclosures that have become such a feature of theindustry of late, but have also included trips tospecialist libraries and guided walks to see long-defunct sites.

It was press speculation about a (then)possible closure of Young’s Brewery inWandsworth – noted for its preserved steamengines and historic brewing coppers anddescribed as ‘a treasure-house of items to interestthe industrial archaeologist and historian’ by thelate Aubrey Wilson – that led to a joint venturewith the AIA and English Heritage(EH). It startedout with the Swindon conference ‘From Grain toGlass’ in 2003 and then, eventually, thesuccessful completion of a report for EH as part oftheir Strategy for the Historic IndustrialEnvironment (SHIER) programme. Projectoutcomes include a comprehensive study ofhistoric working and defunct brewery sites, an

update on brewery archives (Lesley Richmondand Alison Turton’s survey was published as longago as 1990) and, importantly, a strategy fordealing with this heritage as mergers andacquisitions, changes in tastes and consumptionpatterns as well as technological advancesfurther damage this diminishing resource. Thissignificant report will be launched at a specialconference at Burton–upon–Trent in March (seeDiary at the end of this issue for details) to markthe end of the project and to explore ways toimplement the recommendations of the SHIERreport. Many AIA members have been involved inthis successful project and their input will beespecially welcome at this event, playfully titled‘The Last Drop: England’s Surviving BreweryHeritage’.

The ‘Breweries’ SHIER has developed andrefined the methodology of this important EHinitiative which it is hoped might well be appliedto other industries that did not feature in the nowterminated Monuments Protection Programme.The findings will also be of great value toaffiliated societies in the regions, all of which hadtheir historic breweries. The approach will also beof use as a guide for the identification andconservation of the industrial heritage in general.In particular, this exercise has demonstrated theopportunities for partnership working; accessingfunds and getting project findings on the recordthat are of wider significance at a time when‘localism’, local lists (where these do not alreadyexist) and the enhancement of the HistoricEnvironment Records (HERs) are on currentheritage agendas.

From ‘Grain to Glass’ to ‘The Last Drop’ - Working with anAffiliated Society


AIA NEWS

buildings of the early hosieryindustry. The hosiery industry wasthe last part of the textile industry tobe factory based and the survival ofmuch domestic working through thenineteenth and early twentiethcentury produced many distinctivebuilding types in the East Midlands.Entrenched customs and practiceslead to the survival of manydomestic framework knittersworkshops alongside the newpowered factories.

Practical power operatedknitting machines began to bedeveloped from the 1850s onwardsbut initially uptake was slow. MarkSissons spoke on the buildings ofthe later, powered, hosiery industry.A characteristic building typeemerged in the East Midlands in thelate nineteenth and early twentiethcentury. From around 1910 onwardsthe industry moved into verystandard industrial building typeswith few features to distinguishthem from any other industry. Someaspects of the earlier building typesare similar to the boot and shoeindustry. The late twentieth centurycollapse of the hosiery industryfollowing the abolition of mostimport controls on clothing has leadto a high rate of loss of this type offactory and very few survivingexamples have any statutoryprotection.

Marilyn Palmer then spoke onthe cotton mills and lace factories ofthe East Midlands and their re-use.The lace industry in South EastDerbyshire was largely based onspeculative ‘room and power’companies with many small tradingbusinesses in a single factory. Thesewere usually large multi storeybuildings until the early twentiethcentury after which single storeynorth light factories became thenorm. The East Midlands was alsothe world base for the developmentof the early powered cottonspinning industry before it largelymigrated over the Pennines to NorthWest England. Marilyn illustratedthe surviving examples and building

types. Keith Readman then gave anintroduction to the development oflace factories in Long Eaton. Thiswas largely in the late nineteenthand early twentieth century as theindustry moved its production baseout of the City of Nottingham,driven by cheaper land and labour.

In the afternoon Keith Readmanlead a walking tour to show themany different types of lace factoriesin Long Eaton, particularly in thearea around the Erewash Canal.

The day closed with a livelyquestion and answer session over acup of tea.

Mark Sissons

Falmouth Docks HistoryPublishedMembers who took part in the visitto Falmouth Docks at lastSeptember’s conference may like toknow that the history of the docks,promised then, has just been issued.Sailing Ship to Superliner – 150Years of Service to the ShippingIndustry, published by A & PFalmouth and Missions to Seafarersis now on sale. As well as a historyof the docks the book containspullout pages of coloured plans andmany photographs.

The book costs £12.99 and isavailable from Falmouth Bookseller,who will post copies for £15.49, andthe National Maritime Museum,Falmouth. All proceeds will supportthe work of Missions to Seafarers inFalmouth.

Graham Thorne

National HeritageProtection PlanLast year English Heritage (EH)began the process of producing aNational Heritage Protection Plan(NHPP) for the period April 2011 –

March 2015. The NHPP is the newframework for bringing togetherwork by EH and other partners withinthe sector to protect the historicenvironment – the AIA is seen as oneof those partners. The Plan will allowEH to direct its expertise andresources towards protectionactivities carried out by themselvesor towards supporting others to doso in respect of what they value assignificant. This process began withtwo meetings, the first lead by SimonThurley, with representatives of awide range of heritage organisationsand the AIA was represented at thesemeetings by the Chairman. Followingthese meetings a draft Plan wascirculated for consultation and theAIA responded with comments onthe draft, stressing: the importance ofindustrial heritage to the UK’sheritage; the knowledge we alreadyhave of the significance of manyindustrial landscapes, sites andbuildings; and the importance ofacting now on what we alreadyknow to be significant and at risk.One aspect of the Plan is that EHwant to work in partnership withother heritage organisations and asstated above the AIA is one whichhas been identified as a partner. EHhave recently produced an interimversion of the Plan responding to theissues raised in the earlierconsultation, as well as taking intoaccount EH’s new fundingarrangements from the Government.This Interim Version is now beingconsidered by AIA’s Council and wewill be responding. If any memberswould like to read this version of thePlan it can be found on the EnglishHeritage website at www.english-heritage.org.uk/professional/protection/national-heritage-protection-plan.

Tony CrosbyLong Eaton Mill Chimney spared from demolition – reused as aerial

Photo: Roy Murphy

Lace Mill Photo: Roy Murphy


NEWS

Honours Two well deserved honours werereported at New Year

Mrs Sonia Rolt, O.B.E.It is a great pleasure to be able tocongratulate Sonia Rolt on theaward of the OBE in the New Year’sHonours List. I first met Soniaalmost fifty years ago as the wife ofL.T.C. Rolt, whom I had recruited tojoin the Advisory Council of theCentre for the History of Technology.I had established this small researchunit in the spring of 1964 at theBristol College of Science andTechnology, shortly to become theUniversity of Bath. Tom Rolt,historian of canals and railways anda distinguished biographer of thegreat engineers, died prematurely in1974, and ever since then Sonia hasworked tirelessly to keep hismemory fresh and his books in print.Only last year we celebrated thecentenary of his birth, and eventhough now turned ninety Soniamade herself available for anexhausting series of events all overthe country. These includedmeetings of the Inland WaterwaysAssociation, the Talylyn RailwaySociety, the unveiling of a plaque onTom’s birthplace in Chester, and aSymposium of contributions praisinghis work for heritage conservationarranged by the Association forIndustrial Archaeology at its AnnualConference in Falmouth.

But the honour now bestowedupon Sonia is not only in recognitionof her devotion to the memory ofher husband. It is more thanjustified by her own labours directlyfor canal preservation (she workedon the canals during the SecondWorld War, and is now a VicePresident of the IWA); for theconservation of historic buildings(she is a long-standing member andofficer of the Society for thePreservation of Ancient Buildings);for advice on the presentation andfurnishing of National Trust andLandmark Trust properties; forsupport of the Cheltenham ArtsFestival and similar culturalendeavours; for the maintenance ofneglected churches; and for manyother related activities such as theRolt Fellowship Fund established atthe University of Bath, which hasenabled fourteen mature engineersand professional people toundertake research in the history oftechnology; and for the Rolt Lecture

programme presented annually atits General Meeting by the AIA.Not least amongst thesemultifarious activities has beenSonia’s commitment to thepreservation of the property atStanley Pontlarge, near Winchcombein Gloucestershire, a yeoman’scottage into which she and Tommoved at the start of their marriage,and where they raised their family.The recognition of a grateful nationfor this lifetime of devotion to somany aspects of the heritage of thecountry is thoroughly deserved, andits significance will be greatlyappreciated by members of theAssociation for IndustrialArchaeology.

Angus Buchanan.

Helen Ashby, O.B.E.The National Railway Museum’s(NRM) Head of Knowledge andCollections, Helen Ashby, has beenawarded an OBE for her services toheritage and her work with theMuseum.

Helen has been at the Museumsince 1982 when she joined for sixmonths as a temporary filing clerk.Twenty eight years on she nowheads up the team which cares forthe National Collection whichincludes more than 100 locomotivesand nearly 200 other items of rollingstock.

Steve Davies, Director of theNRM, said: “I am sure that I speakon behalf of the entire NRM staff,and the railway heritage andpreservation movement, incongratulating Helen Ashby on theaward of an OBE in the New Year’sHonours List. Helen has played apivotal role in developing the NRMduring her 28 years at York, and hersignificant achievements have beenappropriately and popularlyrecognised.

British TICCIH MeetingThis took place in August 2010 inTampere, Finland. UK World HeritageSites were discussed, theDepartment for Culture Media andSport consultation having producedproposals for 38 new British sites fora tentative list (about ten items ofwhich have an industrial element),this number is to be reduced by areview committee.. In the case ofrailway sites, for example the ForthBridge, Great Western Railway,Liverpool and Manchester, Stocktonand Darlington, and Tanfield

Railways, the agreement of ownersis now an issue. The case of theAntonine Wall was noted. Thisachieved World Heritage status aspart of a greater trans-nationalwhole which stretches along thenorthern boundary of the RomanEmpire from the North Sea as far asTurkey. This may be followed byother serial sites representing thesame Outstanding Universal Value.There appears to be at times someEnglish reserve in pressing for moresites while many countries are mosteager for additions to theirs,including Italy. An industrialexample about 20 miles from thecentre of Milan is the late 19th andearly 20th century cotton mill townCrespi d’Adda; it has hardly changedsince 1927. Currently the total ofWorld Heritage Sites is 911. DowneHouse in Kent is not to be proceededwith as Charles Darwin already hasthe Galapagos Islands and a famousindividual is only allowed one site.

The TICCIH on-line Inventory ofWorld Industrial Heritage has notyet been considered at a TICCIHBoard meeting. The situation willcontinue to be monitored andfurther sites considered for addition.The GB web page atwww.mnactec.cat/ticcih/countries.php has been updated but some ofthe links need to be corrected againand defunct ones removed.Currently there are no resourcesavailable for a dedicated TICCIHGBstand-alone website. TICCIH Bulletinis now available by e-mail and it isintended to phase out the posting ofpaper copies to membersworldwide. It is hoped that somecopies will still be printed for securearchiving.

Risks to the Cornwall and WestDevon Mining Landscape WorldHeritage Site were reported. Newdevelopments at Hayle harbour nowhave to be constructed two metreshigher to allow for the anticipatedrise in sea level. Robinson’s Shaftlisted grade 2* is receiving £22.3Mfrom the Big Lottery Fund. A £35million project here is transforminga derelict 19-acre former mining siteinto a self-sustaining communityasset. Concern was expressed thatthis might diminish the industrialarchaeological quality.

There was a brief updateregarding STIR: Saving The IndustrialRevolution. English Heritage’sIndustrial Heritage Strategy takesthe origins of the industrialrevolution back to the Anglo-Saxon

era. Requests for funding for theexcavation of industrial remains byarchaeologists might conflict withrequests for finance urgentlyrequired for the maintenance ofstanding buildings.

Robert Carr

Emiac 80 – LincolnshireFood & Farming in theFensThe Society for Lincolnshire History& Archaeology’s Heritage Day washeld at the University of Lincoln’sHolbeach Campus on Saturday 16October 2010.

It was a well organised event atthe purpose built National Centrefor Food Manufacturing, ideal forthe introduction of “A Taste ofLincolnshire Food & Farming in theFens” which was the basis of thisHeritage Day. Seventy peopleattended, the speakers were good,the venue excellent and the foodvery acceptable.

The day was introduced by AlanStennet, broadcaster and writerspecialising in agriculture. Born on afarm in the county, he has presentedBBC Radio’s “Lincolnshire Farming”since the station was founded in1980. He was therefore in a fineposition to give a superb openingtalk about the changing scene inagriculture as witnessed by hisgrandfather and his father andbacked up by his own considerableexperience.

Stuart Gibbard an author andjournalist specialising in tractorsand farm machinery, editor ofVintage Tractor & CountrysideHeritage Magazine, was equallyimpressive with his knowledge offarm machinery and how it haddeveloped with equipment nowcosting 100 times the 1920 prices.This was backed up by a fine displayof vintage machinery speciallyassembled for the Heritage Day.

In our last talk of the morningwe heard of the trials, tribulationsand successes of today’s farmers,some of whom manage 100 timesthe area of their grandparents’farms. Gary Naylor, director of WorthFarms (which owns 4,500 acres andrents a similar area) has over 700acres dedicated to the mechanisedgrowing of potatoes. The farm alsohas the ability to store them in coolconditions allowing for salesthroughout the year.

After lunch we were taken on atour of the campus facilities by Mike


NEWS

Dudbridge, Principal Lecturer, whospecialises in Lean ManufacturingTechniques & Automation.

The National Centre for FoodManufacture is unique in that it wasset up with equipment provided bythe suppliers whose business thecampus supports. For example, theCentre has recently been running arange of food packaging relatedtrials and main line equipment hasbeen donated by the manufacturersfor demonstration and training ofoperatives and technicians, allowingfor the teaching and demonstrationof hygiene protocols etc. It allowslocal part time release studentsaccess to the most up to dateequipment and also allows themachinery manufacturers todevelop their machinery anddemonstrate it to potentialpurchasers.

An example of the equipmentwhich we were shown was theMarel Bacon Line by Marel ofColchester who are global providersof advanced equipment systems andservices to the fish, meat andpoultry industry. First a side ofbacon is placed on the conveyor, theleading face is laser scanned, theratio of dark and light meat (leanand fat) determined and hence theweight per slice, so that thethickness of the slice can beadjusted to give accurate control ofthe number of slices for the packweight specified. Speeds of up to1000 slices per minute can beachieved!

Not only is the Centre a highquality teaching and conferencesite, it also has a microbiology and

analytical laboratory, complete withgas chromatography equipment,test kitchens, technical trainingcentre and other processinglaboratories .

The day finished with a superbDVD, lasting 55 minutes, of the mainevents on a local farm over a wholeyear in the 1950s, illustrating therelentless back breaking work ofjust fifty years ago.

“Farming in the Fens in the50s” by Alan Stennett, is for sale at£15.99 from

www.primetime.video.co.ukDavid Lyne

Lincoln Castle scrappedHorrid news is the recent completescrapping of the paddle steamerLincoln Castle in Alexandra Dock,Grimsby: IA News 155 page 14. Thisstarted in late September and wascompleted by early October 2010.Not only has the hull gone - as wehave seen in the case of P S MedwayQueen IA News 153 page 14, it’spossible to make a new hull - but thefine diagonal triple-expansion steamengines by the Ailsa Shipbuilding Coof Troon, Ayrshire, have also beendestroyed: a tragic loss. The engineshad been maintained and partscoated in grease: it is reported theywere in an almost ready to runcondition. Preserved at the FishingHeritage Centre, Alexandra Dock, PSLincoln Castle was on public displaythere from 1989 to the end of the2006 season, when we thought theship would receive well-neededrefurbishment. Many readers willremember her - for ‘Fish and Ships’

EMIAC number 61 in May 2001 wehad a smart lunch on board, the maincourse of fish and chips wasmemorable: see IA News 119 page11 & 12.

In May 2010 The Lincoln CastlePreservation Society was set up withthe intention of buying andrestoring the ship: if possible theyaimed to return her to passengercarrying service. It is unclear quitewhat went wrong but a certain factis that PS Lincoln Castle and heralmost irreplaceable engines are nolonger in existence. The ship wasbuilt in 1940 for the Hull to NewHolland ferry across the Humber andstarted work on this service inAugust 1941. Similar but not exactlythe same as two sister shipsTattershall Castle and WingfieldCastle, she was withdrawn fromservice in February 1978. Lincoln

Castle was still coal-fired and bythen was the only vessel of her kindin the country. Nearly 200 feet longand 598 tons gross she was largerthan the Medway Queen which wasconverted to burn oil in 1938.

Lincoln Castle had her boilerforward, ahead of the engines whichmeant that her funnel was in frontof the paddle wheels. LincolnCastle’s two quasi-sister ships bothbuilt in West Hartlepool in 1934were less conventional inappearance with funnels further aft,behind the paddles. TattershallCastle was withdrawn from servicein 1972 and towed to the Thames,becoming London’s first floating ArtGallery and Conference Centre inFebruary 1975. Since 1982 she hasbeen a bar and restaurant and in2003-4 received majorrefurbishment and modification at

Marel Bacon line. Marel of Colchester are a global provider of advanced Equipment Systems & Services to the fish meat & poultry industry

A & B. Slicer & check weigher – Side of bacon is placed on the conveyor, the leading edge is laser scanned, the white meat & the dark meat, (Fat & lean) ratio calculated, and hence theweight per slice, so that the thickness of the slice can be varied, to give accurate control of the number of slices for the pack weight specified. Speeds of up to 1000 slices per minute canbe achieved! C. Robot handler picks set number of slices and places in trays or thermoformers. D. Thermoformer wraps package. E. Multi lane conveyor places products in single file forlabelling. F. On to Check weigher, labeller & stacker.

Remains of Lincoln Castle being broken up at Grimsby Photo: Chris Lester


NEWS

George Prior’s yard, GreatYarmouth. This cost more than fourmillion pounds and by now thevessel is in far from originalcondition. PS Wingfield Castle isnow back in her birthplace,Hartlepool, as a museum ship. Sinceher arrival there the entrance lock tothe marina has been narrowed sothat she is unable to leave.

Paddle steamers abroad, onfreshwater lakes, are faring better.On Lake Neuchatel Switzerland thepaddle steamer Trivapor of 1912was withdrawn in 1969 and wasthen used as a floating restaurant.This craft is now being restored forservice and re-engined. Thepreservation group Trivapor hasbought a steam engine whichalthough preserved had beenpassed round from museum tomuseum. The engine, a diagonal-compound built by J A Maffei ofMunich in 1926, came from thepaddle steamer Ludwig Fessler onLake Chiemsee Bavaria. The vesselwas modernised in 1972-3 andfitted with diesel-hydraulicmachinery. The German steamengine from the Ludwig Fesslerwhich has Stephenson valve gearhas been completely refurbished forreuse and the Trivapor should soonbe steaming on the lake again,carrying passengers.

The PS Montreux of 1904 onLake Geneva was withdrawn afterthe 1958 season. Her compound-diagonal steam engines werereplaced by 8 cylinder Sulzer dieselswith electric drive and she returnedto service in 1961. In October 1998however, Montreux was withdrawnfor complete refurbishment andconverted back to steam power,returning to service in 2001. Shereceived an entirely new set of twin-cylinder diagonal engines when shewas converted back from diesel tosteam.

The Lincoln Castle PreservationSociety have collected togethersurviving fragments of the ship andhave publicly declared theirintention to build a new paddlesteamer using the original planssuitably modified to comply withpresent-day design requirements.The ultimate objective is to have anew ship offering excursion cruiseson the Humber estuary. It isestimated the cost will be aboutfour million pounds. A suitableengine needs to be found.

Robert Carr

The QuangosBelow are outcomes of thegovernment review. Many of theseorganisations are being abolished intheir current form, but will continueas voluntary bodies. Listed beloware those quangos (officially NDPBsor non departmental public bodies)which relate to the role andinterests of the Association. Thename of the quango is first,followed by the proposed reform.

Advisory Committee on HistoricWreck Sites No Longer an NDPB –Abolish body and transfer functionsin relation to England to EnglishHeritage, as previously announced.

Advisory Committee onNational Historic Ships No Longeran NDPB – Declassify and transferfunctions, as previously announced.

English Heritage Retain – ongrounds of performing a technicalfunction which should remainindependent from Government.

Museums, Libraries andArchives Council No longer anNDPB – Abolish body and transferfunctions, as previously announced.

National Heritage MemorialFund/Heritage Lottery Fund Retain– on grounds of performing atechnical function which shouldremain independent fromGovernment.

British Waterways No longer aPublic Corporation – Abolish as apublic corporation in England andWales and create a new waterwayscharity, similar to a National Trustfor the waterways.

Inland Waterways AdvisoryCouncil No longer an NDPB –Abolish body and functions, aspreviously announced.

Railway Heritage CommitteeNo longer an NDPB – Abolish bodyand functions. No equivalentprotection applies to the heritageitems of any other transport sector.

(See article page 12 IA News155)

[I am sure we haven’t heard thelast of this. Ed]

British ArchaeologyAwardsThe Awards Ceremony at the BritishMuseum on Monday 19 July 2010was a well organised event and oneof the most enjoyable for severalyears. We were privileged to havethe presence of John Penrose MP,Minister for Tourism & Heritage, formost of the afternoon and our

celebrity host was the televisionpresenter Michael Wood. In the fleshMichael behaves very much as ontelevision: he is a natural and is notputting on an act when making aprogramme.

There were six awards: theaward for the Best ArchaeologicalBook went to Vincent Gaffney,Simon Fitch and David Smith forEurope’s Lost World: TheRediscovery of Doggerland, see IANews 140 page 3. The BestRepresentation of Archaeology inthe Media was considered to be theThames Discovery Programme website which enables users to explorethe archaeology and history of theThames foreshore. The award for theBest Archaeological Discovery wentto The Staffordshire Hoard: thelargest hoard of Anglo-Saxon goldever found.

The remaining three awardswere for the Best ArchaeologicalProject which went to the TarbatDiscovery Programme in which thechurch of St Colman atPortmahomack, Moray Firth, isbeing restored and the Pictish,Norse and Medieval remains of thesurrounding site investigated; the

work at Fin Cop Hillfort in the PeakDistrict National Park overlookingMonsal Dale which received theaward for Best CommunityArchaeology Project; and theexhibition Lindow Man: a Bog BodyMystery which was judged to beBest Archaeological Innovation. Theexhibition was held for a year fromApril 2008 at the ManchesterMuseum, University of Manchester.The Association for IndustrialArchaeology is included in the list ofadvisors for the BritishArchaeological Awards. Funding isnow so well in hand that from nowon the Awards will be held everyyear; the next will be this year 2011so get your entries ready now.

Robert Carr

Dark Satanic MillsIn this year’s Current ArchaeologyAwards the five nominations for thebest Research Project Article toappear in the magazine during 2010include a piece on ten years ofresearch on the industrialarchaeology of Manchester. Entitled‘Dark Satanic Mills: The archaeologyof the world’s first industrial city’

DOROTHEARESTORATIONS

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Turbinia, Lion, Sans Pareil and Locomotion, and eventhe restoration of an hydraulic catafalque!

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Southern Works: Unit 1B, Barton Hill Trading Estate,Barton Hill, Bristol BS5 9RD. Contact: Geoff WallisTel: (0117) 9715337 Fax: (0117) 9771677

NEWS

the article appeared in issue 242 ofCurrent Archaeology and is basedon council member and co-editor ofIndustrial Archaeology Review MikeNevell’s book ‘Manchester: TheHidden History’. The article looks atthe archaeology of arguably theworld’s first industrial city throughits textile mills, transport system,warehouses and the city’s livingconditions. By 1850, Manchesterhad a population of 300,000 andwas synonymous with bothexplosive economic growth, and thesqualid worker’s conditions thatcame with it. A decade ofarchaeological work has charted thegrowth of this great city.

Three Mills grantawardedThe House Mill has been given thegreen light by the Heritage LotteryFund for a £2.65 million grant. Thefirst stage, a development grant of£248,000 has been awarded to helpthe River Lea Tidal Mill Trust progresstheir plans to restore the mill and theneighbouring Miller’s House.

The House Mill is a grade 1listed 18th century tidal mill set in abeautiful riverside location in theheart of London’s East End. Thisremarkable building is believed tobe the largest tidal mill still inexistence in the world. Originallybuilt in 1776 on an existing pre-Domesday site, it is a timber framedbuilding clad in brick on three sides.In addition to flour making, the millserved the famous distillery nextdoor on Three Mills Island. Builtacross the River Lea, the Milltrapped the sea and river water athigh tide to turn the water wheelson the ebb. The out flowing waterturned four large wheels drivingtwelve pairs of millstones. Thesefour wheels and six of the pairs ofmillstones survive together withother historic machinery. The Millceased milling in 1941 after the areawas bombed during the SecondWorld War.

Etruria under threatEtruria Industrial Museum is the laststeam powered potters’ mill inBritain. The mill is in steam seventimes a year when the 1903 boiler isfired and historic machinery can beseen working. Located in the heartof Stoke-on-Trent the museum is atrisk of closure having been includedin the local council’s proposals forcut backs. The mill which has

Historic Monument Status fromEnglish Heritage was built to receiveclay, bones, limestone and other rawmaterial by canal and would grindthis to produce slip clay for theproduction of pottery.

Tony Green M.B.E. who hasbeen involved in the restoration,maintenance and running of themuseum from the start, some 32years ago, all as a volunteer forwhich he received the M.B.E. in2009 has instigated an e-petition.

“We are emailing you about thecouncil’s proposals for cut backswhich include the closure of EtruriaIndustrial Museum. The council hasbeen very supportive in the past andthis proposal comes as a shock to us.

We form part of the vital link inthe history of the Potteries as theonly Steam Powered Potters Mill leftin working order anywhere in theworld, showing the history of thepreparation of the raw materials forthe Pottery Industry and as suchhave been granted HistoricMonument Status by EnglishHeritage. We also fulfil an importantrole in education and the localcommunity.

I would like you to put pressureon those involved in making thedecision to close this very importanthistoric site for the Potteries to findalternative cost savings and retainthis museum under the jurisdictionof the local council by signing our e-petition at eim.epetitions.net”

City of AdelaideThe ‘Clipper Ship City of AdelaideGroup’ has been granted planningpermission to remove the vesselfrom the Scottish MaritimeMuseum, Irvine and plan totransport the vessel to Australia forpreservation. The museum whichcould no longer afford to look afterthe ship had obtained permission to‘deconstruct’ her.

Built in Sunderland in 1864, ofcomposite construction, the City ofAdelaide was designed for thepassenger trade and worked betweenEurope and Australia for more thantwenty years. It has been estimatedthat a quarter of a million SouthAustralians may be able to trace anancestor who sailed on the ship.

John Poulson CentenaryLast year 2010 was the centenary ofthe birth of John Poulson thearchitect from Pontefract. Starting in1932 from a small office in

Ropergate Pontefract he had built upan enormous practice by the early1960s with branches in London,Middlesbrough, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Edinburgh, Beirut and Lagos.

Corruption aside - what of thebuildings: he did a great deal inconjunction with British Railwaysand the National Coal Board as wellas schools, hospitals and housing forlocal authorities, especially inYorkshire. There was a campaign tolist his Leeds International Pool butthis was lost and the baths havebeen demolished.

At Aviemore in Scotland the skiresort is very much a Poulsondevelopment. The United Nationsheadquarters building in New Yorkby Oscar Niemayer was a buildingPoulson admired but Coal House inDoncaster for the NCB, now theCouncil House, was perhaps theclosest his firm got and this is due tobe remodelled shortly. In London hisoffice block at Cannon Street stationhas recently been demolished andElizabeth House near the RoyalFestival Hall may go quite soon.

Although relatively unqualifiedhimself he did employ goodarchitects to do the work for him andcertainly some of the firm’s 1950sbuildings are nice examples of theirperiod. How will posterity regardJohn Poulson? He certainly left hismark on Britain. In recent years thedisgraced railway promoter GeorgeHudson of York has in some sensesbeen rehabilitated. Might JohnPoulson, in the fullness of time, jointhat club?

Robert Carr

Reigate Heath WindmillReigate Heath windmill which datesback to 1756 is thought to be theonly one in the country which is aconsecrated church. In 1880 theroundhouse was converted into aChapel of Ease to St Mary’s.Services are still held in the tinychurch during the summer.

Reigate and Banstead BoroughCouncil, which owns the mill, hasbeen undertaking a range ofrestoration works including a new30 foot tail post and the wholestructure has been given two coatsof tar to weatherproof it.

The mill has not worked by windsince 1862.

RhubarbAs reported in the ‘Guardian’ (26Feb 2010) Yorkshire forced rhubarb,produced indoors in the ‘rhubarbtriangle’ between Wakefield, Leedsand Bradford, has been given EUprotected status. The rhubarb isinitially grown in the open but istaken into heated, darkened bricksheds to produce its pink colour andsweet flavour. It has been grownhere since the 1870s, favoured by acold and moist topsoil, local coal,and (at least in the past) a supply ofwool waste from the mills asfertiliser. Traditionally the rhubarbwas harvested by candlelight, whichwas thought to be kinder to theplants than electric light. There wereonce 200 growers, but there arenow only twelve, who welcome thedecision as it will secure the futureof the trade. Rhubarb is now grownin large industrial buildings - is ittime to record a traditional rhubarbforcing shed?

Derek Bayliss


City of Adelaide at the Scottish Maritime Museum, Irvine


REGIONAL NEWS

Yorkshire andHumbersideWe are already seeing the adverseeffects, first of the recession, andthen of spending cuts, on historicindustrial sites and buildings.Planned developments are beingpostponed or quietly dropped. Thismay give some buildings a furtherlease of life, but others which wereto be refurbished as part of a project– like the Grade II* late nineteenthcentury workshops of Leah’s Yard inthe planned Sevenstones retaildevelopment in central Sheffield –will continue to decay. Morebuildings will become empty, and itwill be harder to find a new use forthem. And our public sector partnersin industrial archaeology andconservation (planning staff,conservation officers,archaeologists, museum staff, andacademics) will be fewer and busier.Challenging times, but successstories among the gloom are all themore welcome.

Congratulations to theIndustrial History Section of theYorkshire Archaeology Society,based in Leeds, which celebrated its40th anniversary in May. Itdeveloped from an earlier group setup in 1964, and offers a programmeof talks and walks, a newsletter andoccasional publications. The firstedition of the ‘Pevsner’ for the WestRiding appeared in 1959, with asecond edition in 1967, and hasbeen invaluable. Like others in theseries it is being revised andexpanded, with much morecoverage of industrial andcommercial buildings. The first oftwo volumes appeared in 2009, andcovers Leeds, Bradford and theNorth.

In Leeds the listed Hunslet Mills,disused since 1966, still standempty. They are a fireproof flaxspinning works of 1838-40,probably designed by WilliamFairbairn. The office building ofUnion Industries, Whitehouse Streetincorporates a former chapel andSunday school and the Lion brushworks. Union Industries make ropes,flags and banners, and incorporateRalph Ellerker Ltd., founded in 1795as tarpaulin makers and rope andtwine merchants. The first WhiteCloth Hall in Kirkgate was built in1711 but replaced by a second Hallin 1755 and a third (now restored)in 1775 as trade increased. Whatwas left of the 1711 Hall was later

hidden by other buildings but was‘rediscovered’ in the 1980s and islisted Grade II*. Its frontage hasbeen taken down for eventualrestoration, and adjoining buildingshave been demolished. There areplans to redevelop the formerBuslingthorpe Tannery (mid to latenineteenth century) in EducationRoad, Sheepscar, for housing, withan additional floor, a new extensionand blocks on the site of adjoiningbuildings, to give 349 homes. Leedswas second only to London as acentre of the tanning industry andthis is one of the few tanneries thereto survive in anything like theiroriginal state.

At Ilkley the Victorian brewerybuilding is now owned by Tesco, buta new Ilkley Brewery wishes tomove in. English Heritage has madea £50,000 grant to protect theimportant lead mining remains onGrassington Moor after surveysshowed growing damage fromweather and water erosion. TheYorkshire Dales National ParkAuthority is carrying out a studyabout dovecotes in the NationalPark and is appealing forinformation; there is an article aboutthem on the park website atwww.yorkshiredales.org.uk/dovecotes. The community hydro-electricscheme on the Ribble at Settle,using an Archimedean screw, begangenerating in January 2010.Northern Millwrights have restoredthe breast shot waterwheel, datingfrom 1874, and the mill machineryat Darley Mill Centre nearHarrogate. Low Mill at Bilsdale onthe North York Moors, a medievalsite, has been out of action since themain shaft broke in the 1980s, andis being restored to working orderwith a new shaft made by a sawmillin Ampleforth. There are plans for asmall watermill at Collingham nearWetherby, latterly a garden centre,to be saved and reused for housing.

The Yorkshire Film Archivebased at York St John Universityaims to find, preserve and provideaccess to moving images of 100years of life in Yorkshire. It has manyfilms of industry and work, such asCEAG Lamps in Barnsley, Wormaldand Walkers blanket mills inDewsbury, and cutlery making inSheffield. The archive can be foundat www.yfaonline.com. Holgatewindmill, York, has been givenfunding to reopen by the NationalLottery People’s Millions. A Roman‘industrial estate’ has been

discovered by archaeologists at asite linked to a known fort atHealam Bridge near Dishforth. Itincluded a water powered flour milland storage buildings, and isthought to have been occupied untilthe 4thC AD.

From the ancient to the modern,a 25 tonne steam turbine made byParsons in 1967 for Drax powerstation has been donated to theDiscovery Museum in Newcastle,and is being stored at Beamish.When made it was the mostpowerful high-speed turbine in thecountry. It has been taken out ofservice as part of a £100m steamturbine modernisation project. ThePocklington Canal in East Yorkshireis gradually being repaired and isnavigable for half its 9½ milelength. It is a remainder waterwayand British Waterways has nostatutory obligation to maintain it. Itincludes nine locks (eight listed),four scheduled road bridges and aSite of Special Scientific Interest. Therestoration is supported by thePocklington Canal Society.

The National Coal MiningMuseum at Caphouse Colliery nearWakefield is relieved to havereceived a budget cut of 15%, lessthan the 25% faced by manymuseums, in recognition of the highcosts of keeping the mine open forunderground visits. The former ticketoffice at Sowerby Bridge station,built in 1876 by the Lancashire andYorkshire Railway, has been restoredand opened as the JubileeRefreshment Rooms, while anornate First Class refreshment roomat Sheffield station, built by theMidland Railway in 1905, hasreopened as a real ale bar; anencouraging trend. North lightweaving sheds are difficult to adaptto new uses, but the shed at OatRoyd Mill, Luddenden, in the CalderValley, has been successfullyconverted to dwellings.

At Longfield Dye Works,Linthwaite, Huddersfield, wherethere are still sunken dye vats in thefloor, an earlier three storey buildingwith continuous windows on thetop floor, probably built in theeighteenth century as a weaver’scottage, has been converted to aworks canteen but is now in poorcondition. Similar windows are afeature of the Colne Valley Museumat Golcar near Huddersfield, in threehandloom weavers’ cottages of the1840s. It is run entirely byvolunteers and commemorates

spinning, weaving, clogmaking andother local trades, by displays andworking demonstrations. A fourthcottage and a butcher’s and chipshop of 1904 were bought in 2008and are to be restored as part of theMuseum in a project which will costup to £900,000. The Heritage LotteryFund has given a Your Heritagegrant of £50,000 for the first stage,mainly weatherproofing.

The sixteenth century Old CornMill at Bullhouse near Penistone, thehighest mill on the Don, is beingrenovated and extended as a greenbusiness centre. The wheel has longgone and is not being replaced, butthere are plans for two waterturbines and heating from ageothermal water source. Down theDon, Wortley Top and Low Forgeswere built in the mid seventeenthcentury but there is documentaryevidence of earlier ironmaking inthe area, and it has long beensuspected that this was at one orboth of the Forge sites. A smallexcavation at Low Forge hasrevealed bloomery cinder, the firstarchaeological evidence of the sites’earlier history. A new visitor centreand shop has opened at ElsecarHeritage Centre, and Building 21,the former Iron Works rolling mill, isbeing refurbished as a concert andevents venue. A Friends organisationhas been set up. A £400,000 granthas been secured for work on the1795 Newcomen engine, the onlyone to survive in its original enginehouse. The intention is that it shouldbe put into running order but notsteamed. This is partly forconservation reasons – the boilerand boiler house have gone – butmainly because it would not bepossible to have public access in theengine house while it worked. Thegrant also provides forinterpretation and publicity.

Keith Ayling, who was chairmanof the Chesterfield Canal Trust for 18years to 2009, died in March. Hewas active in setting up theChesterfield Canal Partnership,which brings together the bodiesand groups concerned in itsrestoration. During his time in officeeleven miles of canal and 35 lockswere restored. A detailedconsultation document on therestoration of the Canal betweenKiveton Park (Rotherham MB) andKillamarsh (Derbyshire), includingthe largely surface route proposedas a replacement for NorwoodTunnel, was approved and issued in

the spring. The Norwood flight ofthirteen locks will be restored to itsoriginal condition. In centralRotherham, a small but attractivegrain warehouse by the SouthYorkshire Navigation has beendemolished as part of works toimprove the area round the railwaystation.

The Sheffield ‘Star’ has led asuccessful campaign to highlight theessential work done by the womenwho replaced men in the steel andengineering industries during WorldWar 2, and to record the memoriesof those who are still with us. Theywere given a reception in the TownHall, a book was produced, and astatue is proposed. At the time theywere given little recognition, andmost lost their jobs when the menreturned.

There has been muchcontroversy over the cancellation ofthe £80m loan offered by theprevious government to SheffieldForgemasters to build a 15,000tonne hydraulic forging press, whichthey need to compete with Japanand South Korea for work in thenuclear industry. They continue toproduce huge forgings and castingswith their present plant, and oneproject this year, modest by theirstandards, was a 16 tonne replica ofthe anchor of the ‘Titanic’, fordisplay at the Black CountryMuseum and then at Netherton,Dudley, where the original wasmade. Their River Don works wasbuilt for Vickers from 1864, and oneaspect of its history has beenrecorded by Douglas Oldham in ‘AHistory of Rolled Heavy ArmourPlate Manufacture at the Sheffieldworks of Charles Cammell andVickers’ (South Yorkshire IndustrialHistory Society 2010).

Sheffield’s steel industry wasbuilt on the cementation andcrucible steelmaking processes,which produced small amounts ofexpensive, high quality steel foredge tools, cutlery and engineering,and continued to do so long afterBessemer and Siemens inventedways of making cheaper bulk steel.The crucible process was a Sheffieldinvention, by Benjamin Huntsmanaround 1742. The last survivinglarge crucible steel melting shopwas built by Sandersons in 1871 attheir Darnall works. It is a scheduledancient monument but has longstood empty and neglected. EnglishHeritage gave £300,000 for itsrestoration last January, and

£200,000 has been given by localbusinessman Andrew Dunigan. Itwill be used for warehousing oroffices. The Sheffield steel firm EdgarAllen was the last in Sheffield tomake railway points and crossingsfrom manganese steel alloys, andthis part of its business, in ShepcoteLane, was taken over by BalfourBeatty in 2006, but they have nowdiscontinued it. The front block(c1900) of the William Cooke ironand steel works in Tinsley Road,latterly part of the works of TinsleyWire, has been demolished forredevelopment, as (after recording)has the 1943 Osborn Mushet toolworks, known as the ‘WhiteBuilding’, a landmark on PenistoneRoad (A61 North). It had Art Decodetails and there was some pressureto keep it, but it was built quickly forwar production and was in a poorstructural state.

Last year’s report mentionedconcern about the future of theGrade II* listed Portland Works,Randall Street, Sheffield. It was builtc1879 for the cutlery firm of R FMoseley, who were the first toproduce stainless steel cutlerycommercially. Applications toconvert it to small apartments haveso far been rejected, and now thetenants and a campaign group aretaking steps to acquire the buildingthrough a community share issue fora social enterprise. An open day washeld in December. The currenttenants include knife makers, toolforgers and silver platers, and thereare now very few suitable premisesfor small firms in these traditionalSheffield trades.

The Hawley Tool Collection hasmoved to a new gallery at KelhamIsland Museum, created with a£595,000 grant from the HeritageLottery Fund, which was opened on16 March by Sir Neil Cossons.Appropriately, the gallery was partof the late 19thC Wheatman &Smith saw works. The Collectioncontains over 100,000 objectsincluding tools of many trades,catalogues, photographs, films, andoral histories. The Museum also hasa new gallery on Sheffield brewing,and work is nearly complete on itsflood defences after the 2007 flood.The Sheffield Industrial MuseumsTrust is preparing a Lottery bid forAbbeydale Industrial Hamlet, to getthe waterwheels back to work andbuild a learning centre. At ShepherdWheel, the preserved waterpowered cutlery grinding works on

the Porter Brook south-west of thecity centre, the dam has beenrefilled and building work is in hand.Repairs to the machinery, and a neweducation shelter and toilet block,are due to be finished by June.

Derek Bayliss and David Cant

East AngliaVery little seems to have happenedin the past twelve months, probablyfor the same reason as there waslittle to report for 2009: a generallack of economic activity andparticularly of redevelopment in theprivate sector, and lack of fundswith the promise of even greatercuts in the future in the publicsector. In a year or two the HeritageLottery Fund is due to be boostedwith the run down of the demandson the Lottery by the OlympicGames. Apparently economicdepression actually encouragesmore gambling. This mightencourage more activity especiallyin the museum and preservationworld, but the prospects for therelatively few surviving majorindustries in the area do not lookparticularly bright, with theexception perhaps of building andservicing the growing number ofoffshore wind farms, benefiting bothLowestoft and Yarmouth.

EERIAC 2010 was centred onthe Long Shop Museum in Leiston,and talks on the Garrett family andthe Smythes of Peasenhall werefollowed by a field visit to thetwentieth century holiday village atThorpeness, led by Bob Malster.Since one of the areas of economicactivity that has been somewhatneglected in the past by industrialarchaeologists is the holidayindustry, very important in Norfolkand Suffolk and to a lesser degree inEssex, this look at a very distinctiveif rather upper middle class resortheld plenty of interest. Another littlerecognised industry was in theBreckland. The Breckland Societyreceived a well deserved awardfrom the CPRE for their research intothe warrens of Breckland, whererabbit raising supported twofactories processing rabbit pelts inBrandon. S & P Lingwood onlyclosed in 1973, so it was possible tointerview workers from bothfactories and warrens. The work wasassisted by a grant from EnglishHeritage but carried out by over 40volunteers led by Ann Mason. It isestimated that at its height the

rabbit industry employed 8000. Of some concern is the sale by

Suffolk County Council ofThorpeness Mill. Very much one of akind, this post mill was moved fromnearby Aldringham and converted toprovide a more picturesque methodof pumping drinking water for theholiday village into the adjacentwater tower. The mill needs someattention at the moment, and theattraction to cash strapped localauthorities of disposing of heritagesites which fail to cover the costs ofmaintenance, and at the same timeraising some capital, is all tooobvious, but the long term effect onboth preservation and access couldbe disastrous. The news is not goodfrom a number of other mills: theunique drainage mill at Herringfleetwas damaged by lightning in thesummer of 2009, fortunately notseriously, but there are a number ofother developing problems. Holtonmill roundhouse needs refelting, thewinding gear at Thelnetham failedand urgent replacements wereneeded, and a leak in the millpondat Pakenham has led to damp in thewall of the mill on the flour floor.Generally the problems of millmaintenance are catching up withthe increasingly elderly volunteersat the same time as local authorityfunds are likely to be withdrawn.However, all is not doom and gloom.The trustees of the Thurlow estatehave obtained planning permissionfor new cladding and repairs to theframing and boarding of GreatThurlow Mill. Even better, GreatBardwell Mill after being seriouslydamaged by the hurricane of 1987,finally received new sails in 2010which first turned on Friday 13August (some people ask fortrouble!). It was a tribute to thedevoted efforts of the owners,villagers and Suffolk Mills Trust overmore than twenty years that areturn to good working order was atlast achieved.

A loss is one of Ipswich’s oldestbusinesses, Bardwell & Jones, winemerchants. Originally part of theCobbold brewing empire – wineswere imported from the mideighteenth century onward – it hasnow become part of Coe Vintners ofIlford, and the Ipswich operationclosed. Of greater concern is thecontinuing uncertainty about thefuture of Tolly Cobbold’s Cliff QuayBrewery. Again disused, there isinevitable deterioration to thestructure, vandals have damage it

REGIONAL NEWS



and brass fittings have been stolen.It has recently been suggested thatthe adjacent Vopak oil terminalmight close, which would allowconversion to flats, although thelisting of all the brewing equipmentwould clearly mean it would have tobe removed for either this or officeconversion. The glut of unfinishedflats in Ipswich makes anyimmediate move unlikely. Adnamsat Southwold however areexpanding into small scale distillingof gin, vodka and (after three years)whisky, perhaps encouraged by thesuccess of the English WhiskyCompany in Norfolk, which has nowbottled its first whisky. It seemslikely more of what little remains ofRansome’s works at Orwell Quaywill go with redevelopmentproposals for Shed 8 – thoughagain, whether anything willhappen in the short term is lesscertain. The Mid Suffolk LightRailway Museum now has fullmuseum accreditation, and slow butsteady progress is being made inrebuilding stock and improving thetrack.

Maritime archaeology has seensome important landmarks. OnMarch 24th the last steam drifter,the restored Lydia Eva, at lastmanoeuvred under her own steamwith successful trials on LakeLothing, in time for her 80thbirthday on June 27th. She movedback to her summer berth atYarmouth’s South Quay and wasopen to the public. The next task forthe Friends of Lydia Eva andMincarlo will be to raise the fundsto put the last stern trawler, theMincarlo, into the same good

condition. On 17 September the SSRobin left Lowestoft on a pontoonafter complete restoration, financecoming with the help, oddly enough,of Crossrail. Robin is the oldestsurviving steam coaster in theworld, of the type immortalised byJohn Masefield: “Dirty Britishcoaster with a salt-cakedsmokestack, butting through thechannel in the mad March days”.She was built on the Thames in1890, sold to Spanish owners in1900, discovered by the MaritimeTrust in 1972, and purchased in1974. After the failure of themuseum in St Katherine’s Dock sheeventually ended up belonging toDavid and Nishani Kampfner’s SSRobin Trust, and was moored atWest India Quay. It was theproposed redevelopment of thisarea as a Crossrail station that ledto her restoration. She is temporarilybeing kept at Tilbury until apermanent home can be found,where it is intended she shouldbecome a museum of seafaring.Another boat which has beenmoved is the Stour lighter, nownamed ‘John Constable’. After initialraising and display for a few years atSudbury Quay, she was submergedin river silt again to preventdeterioration. Now she has beenraised and moved to Brightlingseawhere a fuller restoration will takeplace, though where on the Stourshe will end up is not yet clear.

In Norfolk there seems little toreport, though everyone anxiouslywaits to see what the CountyCouncil decides in relation to thefinancing of the Norfolk Mills Trust.The continuing saga of the New

Mills compressor station sitecontinues: one suggestion is toretain only the most historicmachinery and convert the rest intosmall office units, with anArchimedean screw to tap thepower of the fall in the river andgive a better carbon footprint.Fakenham gasworks has obtained agrant to pay a project manager to

reorganise its running. GuntonSawmill has had a good year withfew significant problems, and aconsiderably more reasonableHealth and Safety assessment (theprevious one wanted an emergencystop put on machinery with a 2 tonflywheel) which has now been met.Repairs have been made to thethatched roof which was one of thefirst parts of the restoration – theprevious thatch was a soggy heapon the floor after a storm when Ifirst saw the mill. The NorfolkIndustrial Archaeology Societymarked its fortieth anniversary witha public lecture in the Forum whichwas well advertised and wellattended. It intends to republish itsearly journals in the far betterformats now available and withphotographic as well as lineillustrations – Roneo printing hadsevere limitations. It would also liketo publish some of its records. At themoment the society is working onrecording beating chambers (wherenets were repaired and treated) inGorleston. However, its real concernwhich may well be sharedelsewhere, is that to save money themuseums seem intent on

REGIONAL NEWS

SS Robin on pontoon ready for journey to Tilbury Photo: David Alderton


REGIONAL NEWS

deacquisitioning (if such a wordexists) items which do not fit itscurrent collecting policy, principallyit would seem to reduce storagecosts. Since many of these are itemsof agricultural and other machineryeither made or used in Norfolk, thesociety is naturally concerned.Matters are not helped by the factthat maintenance while in storagewas not always good and there hasbeen rot and decay. Should museumcurators get rid of items for whichthey personally see no purpose butwhich might well seem significant inthe future?

Again, there seems little toreport from Cambridgeshire. One ofthose mysterious fires which seemto plague derelict industrialbuildings has put the future ofFosters steam mill and silo by thestation at risk, and their future veryuncertain. These magnificentVictorian structures were visited bythe Cambridge Conference shortlybefore milling ended. Proposals toextend the ballast recycling plant onthe site of the great marshallingyards at Whitemoor led to anarchaeological survey whichrevealed remains of a turntable,maintenance pits and the bases ofthe heavy oil tanks put in when theearly British Railways experimentedwith oil fuel for steam locomotives.An ecological survey found somegreat crested newts which couldhamper any development. Theguided bus route, mentioned before,is still not in use, but what remains

of the stations with platforms andcanopies removed is ratherdepressing, even though they diddemolish a crossing-keeper’s hutwhich was in the way and rebuild itnearby. Stretham Old Engine has anew exhibit, an Easton, Amos andAnderson steam pump, excavatedby Ian Hinde and volunteers fromthe site of the Mount PleasantPumping station on the Forty FootDrain. Boats seem topical this year:A Fen lighter rescued in the 1970sfrom Roswell Pit near Ely, anddisplayed at Cheddars LaneMuseum, which could not properlymaintain it, has now been taken toDownham Market for restoration.The intention is eventually to put iton display in the coal yard atStretham Old Engine. At CheddarsLane there was a double celebrationto mark the 40th Anniversary of thefoundation of the museum and trustand the 25th Anniversary of therestoration of the boiler andcommencement of steaming of theengines. To mark the event theMayor of Cambridge opened thereconstructed ash disposal railwaywhich used to serve the site. Areplacement steam-powered winchdemonstrated how it worked. Moreprosaically, but probably moreessentially, work is underway toensure all items held by the museumare on a database, necessary toachieve accreditation. Lastly, a jointapplication has been made with theCambridge County Folk Museum forHLF funding towards the cost of a

three year appointment of avolunteer co-ordinator, both toencourage volunteers and to ensurethey are used to best effect.

Although I now live in Essex, mymain source of information remainsthe Conservation Section of EssexCounty Council, and I am indebtedto Laura Belton for her assistance.The department continues with itsinvaluable industrial surveys,endeavouring to record allsubstantial industrial remains withinvarious categories. The Tanneriesand Gasworks Surveys are stillunder way, and the Railway Surveyis being pursued using localenthusiasts to assist. Lines for whichsurveys are completed or under wayinclude the Colne Valley branch toHalstead, the Stour Valley branch,Witham to Braintree, London toCambridge including the long closedGreat Chesterford to Newmarketline, the Great Eastern built sectionsof the Central Line, the Thaxtedbranch, Woodham Ferrers to Maldonand Maldon to Witham lines and theShenfield to Southminster line. Asurvey has been started of windmillsand windmill sites, funded by theEssex Heritage Trust and the EssexC.C. Windmills team. This seeks tobring together all the researchalready undertaken by millenthusiasts, some, but not all,already published, and try tointegrate these sources. The purposeis to provide a context to enable thevalue of surviving mills to beproperly understood: for example, if

there were once many mills of aparticular type, and only one or tworemain, those mills would beparticularly valuable. The intention isto survey externally and, wherestructures remain, internally allsurviving structures or earthworks.Essex C.C. staff will lead localvolunteers, for whom trainingsessions will be provided. Newlistings include some 1936almshouses given by William JulienCourtauld of the textile firm. Finally,a local volunteer has assessedsources and identified former tollhouses in Essex. The MilestoneSociety is very active in Essex andkeeps a sharp eye on the survivingmile markers, including repairingand repainting where needed with,of course, the necessarypermissions. Finally, at Chappel andWakes Colne Station the EastAnglian Railway Museum hasacquired a new HeritageInterpretation Centre, courtesy ofthe army which had a surplusbuilding at Colchester and a lot ofwork by volunteers.

As always I should like toacknowledge the help I havereceived from a number of people,among them Ken Alger, LauraBelton, Alan Denny, David Durst,Peter Filby, Barre Funnel, KeithHinde, Derek Manning, Phillip Tolleyand Steven Worsley. At least myrecent move to Essex may meanthat coverage in that county willimprove!

David Alderton

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PUBLICATIONS

Local Society and other periodicals received

Abstracts will appear in Industrial Archaeology Review.

Brewery History, 138, Winter 2010

Bristol Industrial Archaeological Society Bulletin, 131, Winter 2010

Hampshire industrial Archaeology Society, Focus No 75, December2010

Hampshire Mills Group Newsletter, No 91, Winter 2010

Histelec News: Newsletter of the South Western ElectricityHistorical Society, 45, August 2010; 46, December 2010

Northamptonshire Industrial Archaeology Group Newsletter, 116,Autumn 2010

North East Derbyshire Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter,40, November 2010

Scottish Industrial History Society,The Bulletin No 57, December 2010

Search: the Bulletin of the South Wiltshire Industrial ArchaeologySociety, 92, September 2010

Suffolk Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 111, November2010

Surrey Industrial History Group Newsletter, 177, September 2010;178, November 2010

TICCIH Bulletin, 49 3rd and 50, 4th quarter 2010

Trevithick Society Newsletter, 149, October 2010

Triple News: Newsletter of the Kempton Great Engines Society, 39,Summer 2010

WaterWords: News from the Waterworks Museum, Hereford,Autumn 2010

Welsh Mines Society Newsletter, 63, Autumn 2010

Worcestershire Industrial Archaeology & Local History Society, TheJournal, Issue No 39, Winter 2010

Yorkshire Archaeological Society Industrial History SectionNewsletter, 80, Autumn 2010

Industrial Reading, Berkshire Industrial History Group, Map andGazetteer 2010

This A3 folded sheet is an excellent example of what can be producedto publicise the industrial history of a local area. With a very clear map and

23 sites listed , it goes a long way to extend the reputation of Reading frombeer, biscuits and bulbs to such as Thorneycroft engines, gypsy caravans andCock’s Reading Sauce. (My mother used to observe the pickles being stuffedinto the jars from her office window across the street. Ed)

The Cumbrian Industrialist Vol 7 2010, The Cumbria Industrial HistorySociety

Four papers on predominately Cumbrian issues including gasworks,textile mills and compensation for industrial diseases.

Books

The Toll-houses of Essex, by Patrick Taylor, Polystar Press, Ipswich, 2010.ISBN 978 1 907154 03 1. 80pp, 75 illus. £7.95.

This illustrated gazetteer lists some 30 surviving toll houses in Essex,each with a photograph and a short description, and also notes on vanishedexamples. The layout follows the same formula of earlier books on toll-houses from the same publisher, with an introduction giving somebackground on turnpikes and their organisation in general, although thistime the reader is given examples of imposters, 17 unusual buildings thatappear to be toll-houses but are in fact not!

Dorset Barns, by Jo Draper and David Bailey, Dovecote Press, Wimborne,2010. ISBN 978-1-904-34987-7. 144pp, illus. Hardback, £20.

Dorset’s barns are one of its greatest glories. At their peak in the midnineteenth century there were probably over 3,000, of which more than1,000 still stand. And form a visible record of an unrivalled architecturallegacy. This pioneering book is long overdue – partly because their numbersare dwindling, but also because the changing character of farming hasoften obscured their original purpose. The earliest to survive are medievaland were built by the monasteries with stone from local quarries. Many arelined internally with chalk blocks, others of cob, or brick, or timberweatherboarding. Some have owl holes, others the sling-braced roof that isunique to Dorset. Thatch, stone, slate and clay tiles capped buildings thatranged from small tithe barns to enormous cathedrals boasting two or threeporches , from ‘model’ estate barns built in the mid-Victorian boom years ,to remote field barns miles from anywhere. The invention of the tractionengine and its threshing tackle in the 1860s spelled the beginning of theend. Some have disappeared without trace, others converted into housing,yet more replaced by modern purpose-built stores. Happily, enough stillstand to provide a portrait of a wide range of Dorset barns, and of a level ofrural craftsmanship that has rarely been surpassed.

DIARY

2 MARCH 2011 TOWARDS AN AGENDA FORTHE HISTORY OF EARLYMAIN-LINE RAILWAYS at the Conference Centre of theNational Railway Museum, York, thisworkshop will explore the timebetween the opening of the firstmain lines and the comparativematuring of the industry in the lastthird of the nineteenth century. Theafternoon will consist of two pairsof short position papers, followed bydiscussion. See the Institute ofRailway Studies & Transport Historywebsite: www.york.ac.uk/inst/irs/

12 MARCH 2011THE LAST DROP:ENGLAND’S SURVIVINGBREWERY HERITAGE AT THENATIONAL BREWERYCENTRE, BURTON-UPON-TRENTthis day conference will launchEnglish Heritage’s ‘SHIERs’ report onour brewing heritage. The morningsession will focus upon the projectand its recommendations whilst theafternoon will be concerned withways forward by way of case-studieson brewery archaeology in the RoyalClarence Yard, Gosport and theconservation of breweries in Burtonand Newark. The event is organisedby the Brewery History Society withthe support of English Heritage. For

further details go towww.breweryhistory.com Otherenquiries to Mike Bone atmandabone

2 APRIL 2011SOUTH WEST & WALESREGIONAL CONFERENCE at Risca, the 42nd South West andSouth Wales Regional IndustrialArchaeological Conference, hostedby Oxford House Industrial HistorySociety.

9 APRIL 2011COUNTRY HOUSETECHNOLOGYAt the Rheged Centre near Penrith,Cumbria, hosted by the CumbriaIndustrial History Society. Home-made gas – electricity from water

turbines – ice houses for refrigeration– water supply systems – and more.Many country house owners investedin new ways to overcome thedisadvantage of their rural location,isolated from mains supplies. Keynotetalks from Prof Marilyn Palmer and DrIan West will be followed by anumber of presentations looking athow the buildings, equipment, andprocesses outside worked to improvethe comfort and convenience of thoseinside the country houses of Cumbria.

Booking forms and furtherinformation are available atwww.cumbria-industries.org.uk orby phoning 015395 68428. Theconference fee is £22.50, whichincludes a buffet lunch

20—© Association for Industrial Archaeology, February 2011Registered in England under the Companies Act 1948 (No. 1326854) and the Charities Act 1960 (No. 277511)

Registered office: c/o IGMT, Coach Road, Coalbrookdale, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7DQProduced by TBC Print Services Limited, Blandford Forum, Dorset DT11 8ST

DIARY (Continued)

14-16 APRIL 2011ELEVATORS ANDFUNICULARS OF THE WORLDSantiago and Valparaiso, Chileinformation from TICCIH-Chile:[email protected]

14-16 APRIL 2011 ON THE SURFACE: THEHERITAGE OF MINES ANDMINING INNSBRUCK,AUSTRIAFor further details on the conferencego to www.tourism-culture/news 2.html or email [email protected]

16 APRIL 2011SERIAC 2011At Sussex University, Falmer,Brighton. An IA Miscellanyincluding airports, horses, coalfieldsand ice wells. Hosted by SussexIndustrial Archaeology Society(SIAS) sussexias.co.uk

21 MAY 2011 EMIAC 81: THE IMPACT OFLEAD MINING ON THE PEAKDISTRICT LANDSCAPE at Matlock Bath, hosted by the PeakDistrict Mines Historical Society. Theconference explores the impact oflead mining on the Peak Districtlandscape both underground and onthe surface, with talks on the

archaeology of mining, drainage andthe challenges of filmingundergrounds, followed by site visits.Contact for the conference is PeakDistrict Mining Museum, ThePavilion, South Parade, Matlock Bath,DE4 3NR; Phone: 01629 585834; e-mail [email protected].

27 MAY 2011SAFETY AND ECONOMY INTHE OPERATION OF LARGEHISTORIC MACHINESat Kew Bridge Steam Museum,Brentford this seminar will reviewthe problems and the risks inoperating large machines, mainlysteam engines designed in the early19th century. Meeting modernsafety standards while using alargely non-technical volunteerteam without a steam backgroundis becoming more difficult.Development of verifiable safetysystems and culture will be debatedas will the problems, both technicaland financial, of living in aneconomic climate where theattraction has to generate anadequate income to deal with safetymatters. For details, contact John Porter atthe Museum or be Email:[email protected].

30 MAY - 5 JUNE 2011AIA VISIT TO SWEDENOrganised by Heritage of Industry.Exploration of a major area ofSweden’s rich industrialarchaeology, full programmestarting from Stockholm with interalia visits to copper, iron and paperworks, both historic and modern.Contact Bill Barksfield [email protected]

29 JULY - 1 AUGUST 2011 NAMHO 2011 at Preston Montford Field Centre,Montford Bridge, Shrewsbury, theannual conference of the NationalAssociation of Mining HistoryOrganisations, hosted by ShropshireCaving& Mining Club andShropshire Mines Trust Ltd. Moreinformation from www.namhoconference.org.uk

25 AUGUST- 2 SEPTEMEBR2011AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCEat the University, Cork, Ireland.Details and a booking form areincluded with this mailing.

Erewash Canal linked to the River Trent and the canal network Photo: Roy Murphy

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS(formerly AIA Bulletin ISSN 0309-0051)ISSN 1354-1455

Editor: Dr Peter Stanier

Published by the Association for IndustrialArchaeology. Contributions should be sentto the Editor, Chris Barney, The Barn, BackLane, Birdingbury, Rugby CV23 8EN.News and press releases may be sent tothe Editor or the appropriate AIA RegionalCorrespondents. The Editor may betelephoned on 01926 632094 or e-mail:[email protected]

Final copy dates are as follows:

1 January for February mailing1 April for May mailing1 July for August mailing1 October for November mailing

The AIA was established in 1973 to promotethe study of Industrial Archaeology andencourage improved standards of recording,research, conservation and publication. Itaims to assist and support regional andspecialist survey groups and bodies involvedin the preservation of industrial monuments,to represent the interests of IndustrialArchaeology at national level, to holdconferences and seminars and to publish theresults of research. The AIA publishes anannual Review and quarterly News bulletin.Further details may be obtained from theLiaison Officer, AIA Liaison Office, TheIronbridge Institute, Ironbridge GorgeMuseum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX. Tel: 01325 359846.

The views expressed in this bulletin arenot necessarily those of the Associationfor Industrial Archaeology.

Information for the diaryshould be sent directly to theEditor as soon as it isavailable. Dates of mailingand last dates for receipt ofcopy are given below. Itemswill normally appear insuccessive issues up to thedate of the event. Pleaseensure details are sent in ifyou wish your event to beadvised.

More Diary Dates can befound on the AIA website at

www.industrial-archaeology.org

AIA News 140 Spring 2007 - The Association for Industrial Archaeology …industrial-archaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04… · · 2016-04-28industrial archaeology from its

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