Ai

Submitted by: Arjit Kumar Branch: EN

Batch: 3rd year Univ. Roll no:1002921020

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Main TopicsIntroductionHistoryTypesExamplesTest of AICharacteristricsThe Human Mind

Can AI have sense of humour?

Why human brain isn’t model for AI?

Laws of roboticsIntelligenge Today

• Acc. To John McCarthy “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines.”

• AI is the intelligence of machines & the branch of computer science that aims to create it.

• “The ability of any system to mimic the human brain in some way.”

Introduction to AI

• To start talking about AI in the modern sense, one has to start with Allen Turing. He carrys the distinction of being known as the father of computer science and AI.

• It was Turing who first posted the question “Can machine think??” in 1950.

• Artificial Intelligence was the word introduced by McCarthy .• Computer time sharing technologies and even specific applications would one day be

sold as a utility -------

McCarthy.

History

2 types:• Strong AI:- It is machine with the full range of

human intelligence.It requires the intelligent agent to be able to think freely , or rather,outside the programming guidelines given to it.

• Weak AI:- It is a system that uses a set of pre-programmed to apply them to any task,to reach a successful fulfillment. (i.e.if this ,then that rules of rationality.) It is more actively in use today.

Types of AI

• Weak AI:Line follower robot, wall

follower robot , any system programmed with nested if-else condition etc.

• Strong AI:Chatter boards,puzzle solver

robot,natural language communicator,deep blue,etc.

Examples of AI

• In this Turing test, interrogator has to determine that which one is human by asking series of question.

• In this test , if interrogator fails to determine b/w the machine and human, it means the machine A has got AI over B .

Test of AI

• NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING:

The most essential part of any AI system would have to be its ability to converse with humans in a way that does not make it obvious that the other party is machine.

• Afterall, what use would it be to have a robot who does not understand of the things you are saying? So natural language processing is perhaps the most difficult part of building an AI agent.

Characteristics of AI

• KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION:

During a conversation there is often a give-and-take of new information among humans. A successful AI has to have ability to store and retrieve data it has just received from a new source,because that is the carry- ing on a conversation.

CONT…

• AUTOMATED REASONING :Reasoning or the ability to draw the

rational conclusion from different data is one of those problems that seems simple on the surface but is extremely complex the more you get into it.

• To store a data into a system is not a problem at all. But to give the system the ability to figure out which data correlates with which other data? That’s where things starts becoming complicated.

CONT…

• MACHINE LEARNING:As humans ,we have an innate

ability to look at new things and make them fit into our understanding of the world,based on the pattern of the information we have experienced in our life.

It is some thing we do without even thinking about it but ,for a machine ,there is not an intuitive ability to apply patterns and detect new environment .

CONT…

Why is creativity is important in AI?• Without using the creative muscles of his brain,

Newton could never thought outside the box of scientific reasoning to come up with a new theory about what made the apple fall from the tree.

• For a modern example lets look at late Steve jobs ,He refined technology like the iPods .He used his creativity to solve the problem of using existing technology in the field of portable music.

• So any modern AI could not be considered without the ability to think creativity.

CREATIVITY

• The human ability to have a sense of humour is dependent on understanding how one object is linked with other .

• The one AI system comes up in discussions about joke making is JAPE(joke analysis and production engine).Developed by british computer scientist Graeme Ritchie and Kim Binsted of the Edinburg university.

• Jape has the ability to tell the kind of jokes (1001)using from a linguistics model of puns.

Can AI have the sense of humour?

Human Mind learns from its mistakes and what he sees, whereas there will be no tolerance in Robots for the outputs.

Artificial flight succeeded when the Wright brothers and others stopped imitating birds and learned about the aerodynamics.

Why the human mind model should not be model for AI

These laws had been proposed by Isaac Asimov :

1. A robot may not injure a human being .2. A robot must obey the orders given to it by

human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first law.

3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the above laws.

Three Laws of Robotics…

Fuzzy logic: Autonomous carsChess and AIRobocup Chatterbots :ELIZA by Joseph Weizenbaumetc

INTELLIGENCE TODAY

Fuzzy Logic: Apart from bullian logic it is a system intelligent enough to account for degrees b/t two variables.

lotfi Zadeh

Automated Driving car :

Chess and AI

Robocup

THANK YOU……!