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INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AND EXPERT SYSTEM (ES) Prepared By: Molla Rashied Hussein (MRH) Lecturer, CSE, UAP Fall 2013 1 CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP Lecture 1
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AI Lecture 1 - Introduction to AI _ ES

May 16, 2017

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Page 1: AI Lecture 1 - Introduction to AI _ ES

INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AND EXPERT SYSTEM (ES)

Prepared By:Molla Rashied Hussein (MRH)

Lecturer, CSE, UAPFall 2013

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CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP

Lecture 1

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ABOUT THE COURSE

Ø Course Code: CSE 407Ø Course Title: Artificial Intelligence and Expert SystemØ Credits: 3.00Ø Class Routine:

Ø Monday -> 11:00 – 12:15 (D 503)Ø Wednesday -> 12:30 – 01:45 (D 308)

Ø Textbook:ØArtificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach (3rd

Edition)ØStuart Russell and Peter Norvig

ØArtificial Intelligence (3rd Edition)ØElaine Rich, Kevin Knight and Shivashankar B Nair

CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP

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ABOUT THE COURSE INSTRUCTOR

ØInstructor: Molla Rashied Hussein (MRH), Lecturer, CSE, UAP

ØRoom: D # 302ØE-mail: [email protected]ØCellphone: 01912703756

CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP

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MARKS DISTRIBUTION

CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP

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Items Marks

Assessment: Attendance (10%) + Quiz (10%) + Assignment (10%)

30%

Mid Term Exam 20%

Final Exam 50%

Total 100%

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COURSE OVERVIEW

CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP

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Lecture No. TopicsLecture # 1 – 2 Introduction to AI & ES

Lecture # 3 Intelligent Agents

Lecture # 4 – 6 First-Order Logic

Lecture # 7 Quiz-1Lecture # 8 – 9 PlanningLecture # 10 – 12 Uninformed SearchingLecture # 13 Quiz-2Lecture # 14 Summary and review

Mid-Term Exam

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COURSE OVERVIEW (CONT’D)

CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP

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Lecture No. TopicsLecture # 15 – 17 Informed SearchingLecture # 18 – 19 Local SearchingLecture # 20 – 21 Game PlayingLecture # 22 Quiz-3

Lecture # 23 – 24 Uncertainty, Reasoning and Decision Making

Lecture # 25 – 26 LearningLecture # 27 Quiz-4Lecture # 28 Summary and review

Final Exam

Page 7: AI Lecture 1 - Introduction to AI _ ES

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)?

Thought Process and Reasoning

Behavior

A human-centered Approach

Systems that thinks like humans.

Systems that act like

humans.

A rationalist approach

Systems that thinks

rationally.

System that acts rationally.

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CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP

Page 8: AI Lecture 1 - Introduction to AI _ ES

ETYMOLOGY OF AI

ØAmerican Computer Scientist and Cognitive Scientist, John McCarthy coined the term in 1956.

ØIt is also known as Machine Intelligence.

CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP

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DEFINITION OF AI

ØArtificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of intelligence.

ØIntelligence of Machines / Softwares.ØStudy and design of Intelligent Agents.

CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP

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WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?

Ø Ability to observe.Ø Ability to think.Ø Ability to understand.Ø Ability to communicate.Ø Ability to reason.Ø Ability to learn.Ø Ability to gain knowledge.Ø Ability to plan.Ø Ability to solve problems with / without prior

knowledge.Ø Ability to create.

CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP

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WHAT IS EXPERT SYSTEM (ES)?

ØComputer based system that Øuses knowledge and reasoning techniquesØsolve problems.

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CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP

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FOUNDATION OF AIØPhilosophy (428 B.C.E. – Present)

ØLogic, methods of reasoning, mind as physical system foundations of learning, language, rationality

ØMathematics (800 C.E. – Present)ØFormal representation and proof algorithms, computation,

(un)decidability, (in)tractability, probabilityØEconomics (1776 – Present)

ØDecision Theory (Probability Theory + Utility Theory)ØGame Theory

ØNeuroscience (1873 – Present)Øphysical substrate for mental activity

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CSE 407 Artificial Intelligence and Expert System, CSE, UAP

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FOUNDATION OF AI (CONT’D)

ØPsychology (1879 – Present)Øphenomena of perception and motor control,

experimental techniquesØComputer Engineering (1940 – Present)

ØBuild fast computersØControl Theory and Cybernetics (1948 – Present)

ØDesign systems that maximize an objective function over time

Ø Linguistics (1957 – Present)ØKnowledge representation, grammar

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A BRIEF HISTORY OF AIØ 1943 McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brainØ 1950 Turing's "Computing Machinery and Intelligence"Ø 1956 Dartmouth meeting: "Artificial Intelligence"

adoptedØ 1950s Early AI programs, including Samuel's checkers

program, Newell & Simon's Logic Theorist, Gelernter's Geometry Engine

Ø 1965 Robinson's complete algorithm for logical reasoning

Ø 1966—73 AI discovers computational complexityNeural network research almost disappears

Ø 1969—79 Early development of knowledge-based systemsØ 1980-- AI becomes an industry Ø 1986-- Neural networks return to popularityØ 1987-- AI becomes a science Ø 1995-- The emergence of intelligent agents

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