àH$aU Xwgao gm¢X`m©Mo CnmgH$ n§.OJÞmW~wdm …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/34937/8/08_chapter_02.pdf · 29 àH$aU Xwgao gm¢X`m©Mo CnmgH$ n§.OJÞmW~wdm nwamo{hV

29

àH$aU Xwgaogm¢X`m©Mo CnmgH$

n§.OJÞmW~wdm nwamo{hV `m§Mrg§JrV {df`H$ Ñï>r Am{U _Vo

àñVwV àH$aUmV ~wdm§Mr g§JrV {df`H$ Ñï>r Am{U _Vo nwT>rc VrZ

_wX²>Ú§mÀ`m AmYmao ñnï> H$aVm `oB©c.

2.1 gm¢X`m©Mo CnmgH$ n§.Jw{ZXmg

2.2 n§.Jw{ZXmgm§Zr Ho$coë`m g§JrVmVrc BVa KamÊ`m§Mm VwcZmË_H$ Aä`mg

2.3 VËH$mcrZ g§JrVm{df`r n§.Jw{ZXmgm§Mm {demc Ñï>rH$moZ

Joë`m àH$aUmV AmnU ~wdm§Mr H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ nmíd©^y_r, g§JrV {ejUmH$S>o

dmQ>Mmc Am{U g§JrVmVrc Cƒ{ejU BË`mXr Jmoï>tMm g{dñVanUo Aä`mg

Ho$cm. ho gd© H$arV AgVmZm ~wdm§Mr Zo_H$s ^y{_H$m H$moUVr hmoVr? Ë`m_mJMm

Ë`m§Mm hoVy Am{U {demc Ñï>rH$moZ H$moUVm hmoVm? `m gdmªMm gImoc Aä`mg

àñVwV àH$aUmV C„o{Icoë`m VrZ _wX²>Úm§À`m AmYmao H$aUma AmhmoV.

2.1 gm¡§X`m©Mo CnmgH$ n§.Jw{ZXmg

~wdm gm¡§X`m©Mo CnmgH$ hmoVo åhUOo Zo_Ho$ H$m`? ho àW_V: OmUyZ

KoUo JaOoMo Amho. gm¢X`m©Mo CnmgH$ åhUOo ‘gd© gw§Xa Jmoï>tMr CnmgZm H$aUmao’

Agm Ë`mMm eãXe: AW© Amho. ~wdm§À`m ~m~VrV g§JrV gm¢X`m©Mo CnmgH$ Ago

åhUUo A{YH$ `mo½` R>aoc. ~wdm§Zr AmOÝ_ g§JrV H$coMr CnmgZm Ho$cr, godm

Ho$cr, H$coÀ`m gm¢X`m©Mr Imocr JmR>Ê`mMm gVV à`ËZ Ho$cm. g§JrVmMo {ejU

KoV AgVmZm Ë`m§Zr Oo Oo gw§Xa {Xgco Vo Vo ñdV:Odi gmR>{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ

Ho$cm Am{U hr gw§XaVm Ë`m§Zr \$µº$ {Q>ncr Zmhr Va Vr d¥ÕtJV H$éZ

Amnë`m Jm`H$sÛmao {Q>H$dyZ R>odcr mMmM AW©, ‘~wdm§Odi {dcjU gm¢X ©Ñï>r’

hmoVr ho {dYmZ _m§S>VmZm ‘gm¢X`©Ñï>r’ `m{df`r WmoS>rer g{dñVa MMm© H$aUo

JaOoMo dmQ>Vo.

30

‘gm¢X`©’ åhUOo ‘gw§XaVm.’ hm `m eãXmMm gd©gm_mÝ` AW©. Á`mMm

AmnU gd©OU AZw^d KoD$ eH$Vmo. CXm.{ZgJm©Vrc {d{dY Jmoï>r-Am½`«mMm

VmO_hmc, C§MmdéZ dmhUmao Y~Y~o, AWm§J OcgmJa dJ¡ao ..... dJ¡ao

....... `m gd© Jmoï>r gdmªZmM gw§Xa dmQ>VmV. na§Vw `m {ZgJ©V: gw§Xa AgUmè`m

Jmoï>tMmhr Imocda {dMma H$aUmam EImXmM AgVmo. Am½`«mÀ`m VmO_hmcmÀ`m

H$moard H$m_mMr H$ënH$Vm emoYUmam EImXmM AgVmo qH$dm C§MmdéZ dmhUmè`m

Y~Yã`mÀ`m OcYmaoVyZ OUy ñdaYmam ~agV AmhoV Aer H$ënZm H$aUmam

qH$dm gmJamÀ`m cmQ>oVyZ {d{dY c`-AmH¥$Vr emoYUmam EImXmM AgVmo.

Á`mcm ho gd© {XgV§ qH$dm OmUdV VmoM Iam gm¢X`m©Mm CnmgH$ åhUUo `mo½`

R>aVo. Aem ì`º$sOdi hr gm¢X`©Ñï>r OÝ_OmVM Amcocr AgVo. Aer ì`º$s

hr A{Vg§doXZerc AgVo. H$moUË`mhr àH$maMm hcH$mgm ~Xchr Á`mcm

MQ>H$Z OmUdVmo, VmoM AZoH${dY H$ënZm H$é eH$Vmo. Aer ì`º$s hoVynyd©H$

H$cmH¥$Vr {Z_m©U H$é eH$Vo. `m~m~V à{gÕ coIH$ gwgmZ c±Ja åhUVmV,

-

‘‘ Where there is some artistic intent, there will be some artis-

tic result. Whether it is art depends on its make’s desire to

compose it into a form.’’ (27)(27)(27)(27)(27)

Á`m {R>H$mUr H$cmË_H$ ZOa AgVo, VoWo Ë`mMm n[aUm_hr H$cmË_H$

A{dîH$ma AgVmo, `oWo H$cmH$ma ñdV:À`m BÀN>oà_mUo H$cocm AmH¥$Vr~§Y

XoÊ`mMo H$m_ H$aVmo Am{U ZdrZ aMZm AmH$ma KoVo.

~wdm§Zm g§JrV gm¢X`m©Mr {dcjU AmoT> hmoVr. H$coVrc gm¢X`m©Mm emoY

KoÊ`mMm Vo gmVË`mZo à`ËZ H$arV. Ë`m_wioM Ë`m§Zm AZoH$ OUm§Mo JmUo

AmdS>V Ago. qH$~hþZm Á`m Á`m H$cmH$mam§_Ü`o Oo Oo gw§Xa Agoc Vo Vo

Amnë`mH$S>o Agmd§ Ago Ë`m§Zm Zoh_rM dmQ>V Ago. ‘Oo Mm§Jc {XgV Vo

{Q>nmd§’ hrM Ë`m§Mr g§JrV {df`H$ Ñï>r hmoVr. Ë`m_wioM Ë`m§Zr doJdoJù`m

KamÊ`mVrc _mVã~a Jwé§H$Sy>Z g§JrV {dÚm {_i{dcr Am{U g§JrV gm¢X`m©Mm

31

I{OZm g§wXa gw§Xa MrOm§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ ñdV: Odi gmR>{dcm.

‘gm¢X`©’ `m g§H$ënZo~m~V à{gÕ co{IH$m S>m°.gwc^m R>H$a Ago

åhUVmV H$s, ‘‘Á`m _Zmcm ZmXgm¢X`m©Mo {deof AmH$f©U Amho, AZw^d Amho

Aem g§ñH$mar _ZmcmM ñdag§JVr OmUdy eH$VmV Am{U Aem g§ñH$m[aV

_ZmÀ`m H$coMm A{dîH$ma Ë`mÀ`m Jm`ZmVyZ AWdm dmXZmVyZ hmoV

AgVmo.’’ (28)(28)(28)(28)(28) `mcmM Xwgè`m eãXmV ‘H$cmH$mamÀ`m H$ënZmeº$sMm Ioi’

Agohr åhUVm `oVo. H$cmH$mamÀ`m _¡\$scrVyZ Ooìhm a{gH$mcm AmZ§X {_iVmo,

Voìhm H$cm{Z{_©Vr Am{U {VMm AmñdmX m XmoÝhr à{H«$`m nyU© hmoVmV. åhUOoM

H$moUË`mhr ‘H$coVrc gm¡§X`©’ $ho ZwgVo Ë`m H$cmH$mamcm {XgyZ AWdm OmUdyZ

Cn`moJmMo Zmhr. VmoM gw§Xa AZw^d Á`mcm BVa AZoH$ OUm§Zm XoVm `oVmo,

VmoM Iam H$cmH$ma hmo`. Omo EH$mM doir H$coÀ`m gm¢X`m©Mm AmZ§X ñdV:cm

Am{U BVam§Zm XoD$ eH$Vmo Am{U AWm©VM `mH$[aVm EH$ {d{eï> ZOa/

gm¢X`©Ñï>r Ë`m ì`º$sH$S>o AgUo OéarMo AgVo. VrM gm¢X`©Ñï>r ~wdm§H$S>o hmoVr.

åhUyZM Ë`m§À`m Jm`ZmÀ`m doir H$cmË_H$ gw§XaVoMm AZw^d Vo ñdV:cm Am{U

BVam§Zm XoD$ eH$V hmoVo. ~wdm§À`m Jm`ZmÀ`m doir Agm àË`` AZoH$ OUm§Zm

Amcocm Amho. `m~m~VrV ~wdm§À`m _mZgH$Ý`m lr_Vr crcmVmB© H$a§~ioH$a

åhUVmV H$s, ‘‘~wdm Ooìhm JmV AgV Voìhm Vo lmoË`m§er g§dmX gmYV AgV.

Ë`m§Mo JmUo WoQ> öX`mcm {^S>V Ago. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mo JmUo a{gH$m§À`m _ZmMr

nH$S> KoV Ago. H$mhr doim Va ~wdm§Mo JmUo EoHy$Z lmoË`m§À`m S>moù`mVyZ AmZ§Xmly

dmhV AgV.’’ Aem ~è`mM _¡\$sctÀ`m lr_Vr crcmVmB© ñdV:M gmjrXma

AmhoV. åhUOoM H$coMo gm¢X © a{gH$m§g_moa _m§Sy>Z Ë`mMm agmñdmX gd© a{gH$m§Zm

nwaonya XoÊ`mBVH$s àM§S> VmH$X ~wdm§À`m JmÊ`mV hmoVr. EH$m AWm©Zo, ~wdm

a{gH$m§Mr gm¢X`©Ñï>r KS>{dÊ`mMo H$m_ H$arV AgV Ago åhUUo A{YH$ `mo½`

R>aoc.

AmO Amnco ^maVr` g§JrV BVHo$ g_¥Õ Pmcoco Amho H$s, g§JrV d

Ë`mda AmYm[aV BVa Cn`mo{OV emóo ñdV§ÌnUo {Z_m©U Pmcocr AmhoV.

32

CXm.g§JrVmMo _mZgemó, g§JrVmMo gm¢X`©emó, g§JrV Am{U AÜ`mË_,

g§JrV Am{U Am`wd}X, dJ¡ao .......... dJ¡ao .........

g§JrV gm¢X`© åhUOo Zo_Ho$ H$m`? `mMm emór` AW© H$moUVm?

H$maU H$moUVrhr Jmoï> OZ_mZgm_Yo _mÝ`Vm àmá hmoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m_mJo emór`

~¡R>H$ AgUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. åhUOoM Ë`m~m~VMo emó {dH$[gV hmoUo

Amdí`H$ AgVo. AmO ‘g§JrVmMo gm¡§X`©emó’ hr ñdV§Ì g§H$ënZm {dH${gV

Pmcocr Amho.

AZmXr H$mimnmgyZ _mZd AmZ§XmMm emoY KoV Amcm Amho. H$mcm§VamZo

_mZdmMm _|Xy {dH${gV hmoV Jocm, Ë`mZo g¥ï>r~amo~a VmXmËå` àñWm{nV Ho$co

Am{U H$cmË_H$ àH¥$Vrcm gw§Xa én XoÊ`mH$[aVm c{cV H$cm§Mm OÝ_ Pmcm.

Ë`mn¡H$s gá ñdam§_YyZ ^md ì`º$ H$aUmar g§JrV H$cm {Z_m©U Pmcr. AmO

`m H$coMm àM§S> {dH$mg Pmcocm AgyZ {Vcm OJ_mÝ`Vmhr àmá Pmcocr

Amho. ‘H$cm’ hr Ë`m H$cmH$mamÀ`m öX`mVyZ gmH$macocm Agm A{dîH$ma

AgVmo H$s, Á`m_wio H$cmH$ma lmoË`m§Zm cm¡H$sH$ AmZ§X gmJamV ~wS>dyZ Q>mH$Vmo.

Ë`mdoirM Ë`m H$coMm A{dîH$ma Iè`m AWm©Zo nyU© hmoVmo Am{U _mZdr _Zmg

AË`§V gwI, em§Vr Am{U g_mYmZ {_iVo.

‘ZmX’ AË §V gyú_ Agë`mZo Vmo {ZgJm©À`m H$UmH$UmV éZ amhrcm

Amho Aem `m ZmXmdaM AmYmarV g§JrV H$cm Agë`mZo Vr AË`§V gyú_ d

n[aUm_H$maH$ Amho. VgoM `m H$coMr ì`már àM§S> Agë`mZo Vr gd©loð>

g_Ocr OmVo. Aem `m gw§Xa Am{U _mohH$ H$coMo gm¢X`© `m{df`r g§JrVkm§Mo

_V OmUyZ KoUo JaOoMo dmQ>Vo.

à{gÕ Z¥Ë`m§JZm lr_Vr ñdmVr X¡R>UH$a g§JrV gm¢X`m©~m~V Ago

åhUVmV H$s, ‘‘gm¢X ©-EH$ AmZ§X gmohim, gm¢X ©-EH$ agXm`r àoaUm, gm¢X ©-

EH$ Vac _Zmoha A{dîH$ma hmo`.’’ gm¢X`© åhUOo EH$ n[anyU© agmZw^d

AgVmo, Á`mMm n[aUm_ åhUOo {ZIi nmaXeu AmZ§X AgVmo. (29)(29)(29)(29)(29)

à»`mV {dÛmZ Q>m°cñQ>°m`À`m _Vo - àË`oH$ H$coVyZ {_iUmam AmZ§X

33

åhUOo gm¢X`© hmo`. Va à{gÕ coIH$ ßcoQ>moÀ`m _Vo, ÑH²$ AWdm lmì`

_mÜ`_mVyZ hmoUmam AmZ§XmMm gmjmËH$ma åhUOo gm¢X`© hmo`. A{^Zd ^maVrMo

coIH$ A{^Zd Jwám m§À`m _Vo, gm¢X`m©ñdmX åhUOo cm¡{H$H$ Am{U Acm¡{H$H$

AZw^yVr hmo`. hoJocÀ`m _Vo, c{cV H$cm§Mo Xe©Z åhUOoM gm¢X`©emñÌ hmo`.

Va H«$moMo `m emókmZo H$cmH$mamÀ`m A{^ì`º$scmM gm¢X`©emó åhQ>co Amho.

AemM àH$maMm {dMma ‘gwgmZ c±Ja’ m nmpíM_mÎ` {dÛmZmZo Amnë`m ‘ {\$qcJ

A°ÝS> \$m_©’ `m nwñVH$mV Ho$cocm Amho. H$cmH$mamMr A{^ì`º$s hr àojH$m§da

nS>Umam Ë`m A{^ì`º$sMm à^md åhUOo gm¢X`©emñÌ `m {df`rMr MMm© Ë`mZo

`m nwñVH$mVyZ Ho$cocr Amho. (30)(30)(30)(30)(30)

g§JrVmVrc _yi ewÕ ñda gmV, `m gmV ñdam§À`m {d{eð> àH$maÀ`m

{Z`_~Õ aMZm§_YyZ g§JrVmMo AWm§J {dœ {Z_m©U Pmco Am{U Ag§»` amJaMZm

{Z_m©U Pmë`m. hr {Z{_©Vr _Zwî`mÀ`m A§Jr AgUmè`m gm¢X © emoYmÀ`m d¥Îmr_wioM

eŠ` Pmcr. AÝ`Wm g§JrVm_Yo {d{dYVm, AZoH$ KamUr, Ag§»` dmÚo,

{d{dY JrVàH$ma B. {Z_m©U hmoUo eŠ` Pmco ZgVo.

Á`mà_mUo {ZgJm©Vrc ~Xc, F$VwMH«$mà_mUo hdm_mZmV hmoUmao ~Xc

_Zwî`mcm hdo hdogo dmQ>VmV Ë`mMà_mUo ZmXm§À`m Xw{Z`oVrc {d{dY gyú_

~Xc, gm¢X`© A{dîH$ma _Zwî`mcm hdohdogo dmQ>VmV. Ë`m_wioM n§.OJÞmW

~wdm§Zr AmOÝ_ g§JrV H$coMr godm Ho$cr. H$coÀ`m gm¢X`m©Mr Imocr JmR>Ê`mMm

à`ËZ Ho$cm Am{U hr gw§XaVm Ë`m§Zr \$º$ ñdV:nmer gmR>{dcr Zmhr Va Vr

d¥ÕtJV H$éZ Amnë`m Jm`H$sÛmao {Q>H$dyZ R>odcr Am{U gd© {eî`m§Zm CXmahñVo

~hmchr Ho$cr.

g§JrVmMm Iam AmZ§X Ë`m§Zr H$ï>mZo {_i{dcm Am{U BVam§Zm ({eî`m§Zm,

lmoË`m§Zm) Vmo ghOM XoD$ Ho$cm. g§V VwH$mam_m§À`m A^§JmVrc nwT>rc Amoir

~wdm§~m~V AJXr V§VmoV§V cmJy nS>VmV -

AmZ§XmMo S>mohr, AmZ§X Va§J

34

AmZ§X{M A§J, AmZ§XmMo&&

~wdm åhUOo AmZ§XmMm S>moh hmoVo Am{U m AmZ§XmÀ`m S>mohmV, g§JrVmÀ`m

AmZ§X gmJamV Vo gd© {eî`m§Zm AmH§$R> ñZmZ KmcrV AgV.

g§JrVmÀ`m gm¢X`©emómMr VrZ _yc^yV A§Jo 1)ñda, 2)c`, 3)~§[Xe

`m VrZhr Jmoï>tda ~wdm§Zr à^wËd {_i{dco hmoVo. AWm©VM g§JrVmÀ`m m _yc^yV

A§JmMm ~wdm§Zr gImoc Aä`mg H$éZ Ë`mVrc gm¢X`© OVZ Ho$co. ~wdm ñdV:

CÎm_ V~{c`o hmoVo. c`rMm ñd^md Ë`m§Zr CÎm_[aË`m AmoiIcocm hmoVm.

Ë`m_wioM Ë`m§À`m JmÊ`mV ñdac` g§dmX AmT>iyZ `oV Ago. ñdac` g§dmX

åhUOoM ñdam§Mr c`r~amo~arc H«$sS>m. Jm`Z-dmXZm_Yrc gm¢X`m©Mo Vo EH$

à_wI A§J Amho. Oo ~wdm§Zr ñdV:À`m _ohZVrZo àmá H$éZ KoVcoco hmoVo.

Amnë`m g§JrVmV ‘CnO’ m Jmoï>rcm \$ma _hËd Amho. Iam ñda c`

g§dmX hm `m CnOoVyZM \w$cVmo. AWm©VM g§JrVmMr àXrK© VníM`m© Ho$coë`m

H$cmH$mamcmM _¡\$scr_Ü`o CËñ\y$V©nUo ñdac` g§dmX gmYVm `oVmo. ~wdm§À`m

JmÊ`mV Aem àH$maMm ñdac`g§dmX Vo _moR>çm H$m¡eë`mZo H$arV AgV.

c`rÀ`m A§JmZo eãXmVrc ~mocm§Mr \o$H$ H$aUo ho ~wdm§À`m Jm`H$sMo Img d¡{eîR>ç

hmoVo. Ë`m_wioM Ë`m§Mo JmUo A{YH$ g§wXa dmQ>V Ago. Am{U ho gd© H$arV

AgVmZm ~wdm MrOoVrc eãXm§da MwHy$Zhr AÝ`m` H$arV ZgV. MrOoVrc

eãXm§Mm ^mdmW© g_OyZ Vmo lmoË`m§À`m A{YH$m{YH$ Odi nmohM{dV AgV.

Ë`m_wioM ZmX gm¢X`m©~amo~aM ~wdm§Zr eãXm§Mo gm¢X ©hr Onco. MmcrgmR>r eãXm§Mr

_moS>VmoS> H$aUo ~wdm§Zm A{O~mV _mÝ` ZìhVo. Ë`m_wio eãXm§Mm ^mdmW© g_OyZ

Ë`mMr Mmc Vo ñdV:M ~m§YV AgV Am{U Ë`mMo CƒmaUhr A{Ve` gw§XaVoZo,

à^mdrnUo H$arV AgV. Ë`m_wioM ~wdm§À`m JmÊ`mVrc gm¢X`© jUmjUmcm

dmT>VM OmV Ago.

AmOÀ`m {nT>rVrc AmJ«m KamÊ`mMo loð> Am{U ~wOwJ© Jm`H$

n§.lr.~~Zamd hiXUH$a Ago åhUVmV H$s, ‘emór` g§JrVmV eãXmcm

àmYmÝ` XoVmZm AmJ«m KamÊ`mZo BVa KamÊ`m§À`m _mZmZo ‘~§[Xe’ (MrOoMo

35

‘eãX’ `m AZwe§JmZo) `mcm gd©àW_ _hÎd {Xco. Ë`mZ§Va BVa KamÊ`mVrc

cmoH$m§Zrhr MrOoÀ`m eãXm§H$S>o WmoS>o A{YH$ cj XoD$Z Amncr Jm`Ze¡cr

A{YH$ AmH$f©H$ ~Z{dÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mMm Cn`moJ Ho$cocm Amho. na§Vw AmJ«m

KamÊ`mVrc Jm`H$m§Zr hm à`moJ ~è`mM dfm©nydu Ho$cocm Amho.’

~wdm§Mo Jwé C.{dcm`V hþgoZ ho ñdV: H$mhr ~§[Xer ~m§Ym`Mo. Ë`mMà_mUo

Ë`m§Zm AmXe© _mZyZ ~wdm§Zr AZoH$ ~§[Xer aMë`m. ~wdm§Mm ghdmg cm^coco

à{gÕ coIH$ lrH¥$îU Xidr Ago åhUVmV H$s, ~wdm§Zm EImXr ~§[Xe H$amd`mMr

S>moŠ`mV Agë`mg Ë`m{df`r Vo gVV qMVZ _ZZ H$arV AgV. ~§[XerMm

Ame` nyU©V: S>moŠ`mV R>odrV AgV Am{U EH$X_ EImÚm {Xder EH$m PQ>Š`mV

~§[Xe nyU© H$arV AgV.

g§V kmZoídam§Zr åhQ>co Amho -

AW© ~mocm{M dmQ> nmhoŸ&

Ë`mà_mUo ~wdm§À`m _ZmV mdZm AmYr V`ma hmoV Ago Am{U _J Z§Va

{VMo aoImQ>Z Vo eãXmV H$arV AgV.

AemàH$mao ~wdm§Zr g§JrVmÀ`m gm¢X`m©V n[anyU©Vm {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r

A{daV H$ï> H$éZ g§JrV{dÚm g§nmXZ Ho$cr. H$coMr gmYZm Ho$cr, CnmgZm

Ho$cr. Ë`m_wioM Ë`m§Zm g§JrV gm¡§X`m©Mo CnmgH$ åhUUo A{YH$ `mo½` dmQ>Vo.

2.2 n§.Jw{ZXmgm§Zr Ho$cocm BVa KamÊ`m§Mm VwcZmË_H$ Aä`mg

‘n§.OJÞmW~wdm nwamo{hV’ ho g§JrV gm¢X`m©Mo CnmgH$ hmoVo. `m{df`rMo

g{dñVa {ddoMZ AmnU _mJrc _wÔ`mÛmao Ho$coco Amho. ‘H$cm’ hr _mZdr

^mdZm§À`m gw§XaV_ A{^ì`º$sMo gmH$ma én Amho. ho ~wdm§Zr \$ma cdH$a

AmoiIco hmoVo. Ë`m_wioM Ë`m§Zr \$º$ EH$mM KamÊ`mVrc EH$mM JwéH$S>o

dfm©Zwdf} A§YionUmZo {ejU Z KoVm BVa KamÊ`m§H$S>ohr S>moignUo cj {Xco.

gm¢X`m©À`m {d{dY A§JmZr AmoVàmoV ^acoë`m Aem g§JrV H$coMr ì`már

BVH$s àM§S> _moR>r Amho H$s, H$moUVrhr ì`º$s Agm Xmdm H$é eH$V Zmhr H$s,

_cm g§JrV nyU©V: `oVo [H§$dm nyU©V: H$ico. Ë`mVrc gd©M Jmoï>tMm gImoc

36

Aä`mg H$amd`mg _Zwî`mcm AZoH$ OÝ_ ¿`mdo cmJVrc. BVH$s hr _hmì`mnH$

Aer H$cm Amho Am{U Aem `m g§JrV gmJamV \$º$ EH$mM KamÊ`mVrc

g§JrVmH$S>o cj XoUo åhUOo Vgo EImÚm S>~Š`mVM hmVnm` _maV ~gÊ`mgmaIo

Amho.

na§Vw n§.OJÞmW~wdm§Zr darc à_mUo g§Hw${MV {dMma Ho$cm Zmhr.

Ë`m§Zr Aem nma§nm[aH$ {dMmamcm N>oX XoD$Z AZoH$ Wmoa Jdæ`m§H$Sy>Z g§JrVmMo

{ejU KoVco. hm ~wdm§À`m Am`wî`mVrc YmS>gr {ZU©` hmoVm. nyduÀ`m H$mir

Ago AZoH$m§H$SyZ {ejU KoUo åhUOo AeŠ` H$moQ>rVrc Jmoï> hmoVr. H$maU Ë`m

H$mim_Yo ‘Jwé_wIr {dÚm’ hrM nÕV ApñVËdmV hmoVr Am{U Xwgè`m JwéH$S>o

OmUo qH$dm Ë`mMo JmUo EoH$Uo ho {Z{fÕ _mZco OmV Ago. _mÌ ~wdm§Zr ho YmS>g

Ho$co. H$maU Ë`m§Zm nS>cocr g§JrV gm¢X`m©Mr yc! ~wdm§Mo AdKo {dídM g§JrV,

g§JrV Am{U g§JrVM hmoVo. VoWo Ë`m§À`m _ZmV Xwgao H$moUVohr {dMma `oUma

Var H$moRy>Z?

{XdgamÌ g§JrVmMmM {dMma H$aUmè`m ~wdm§Zm gya-Vmc H$mhr ñdñW

~gy XoV ZgV. OUy Vo ~wdm§Zm ñdV:H$S>o IoMV AgV Am{U Aem àH$maMo

~wdm§Mo dmJUo AJXr chmZnUmnmgyZ Ago. ~mcnUrM AZmW Pmcoë`m `m

nmoamZo g§JrV Xw{Z`oÀ`m AmH$f©Um_wio emco` {ejUhr KoVco Zmhr. d`mÀ`m

Ad¿`m 10 ì`m dfu KaXma gmoSy>Z g§JrVmMo {ejU KoÊ`mgmR>r ñdV:cm

PmoHy$Z {Xco. g§JrV doS>mZo PnmQ>coë`m `m nmoamZo àM§S> _ohZVrZo g§JrVmVrc

AZoH$ KamÊ`mVrc {X½JO Am{U Ka§XmO Aem Jd`m§H$Sy>Z CÎm_moÎm_ MrOm§Mm

Am{U amJ gm¢X`m©Mm I{OZm ñdV:H$S>o gmR>{dcm Am{U `mH$[aVm H$amì`m

cmJUmè`m YS>nS>rMr AZ² Anma H$ï>mMr H$moUË`mhr n«H$mao ndm© Z H$aVm

Ho$di Amnë`m godm^mdr d¥Îmr_wio Jwé§Mr _Zo qOHy$Z, EH$ n¡hr IM© Z H$aVm

hr g§JrV {dÚm hñVJV Ho$cr.

åhUOoM ~wdm§Odi gm¢X`m©À`m {d{eï> ZOao~amo~aM Vr H$er {_idmdr?

`mMo H$m¡eë`hr Ë`m§Zm OÝ_V:M AdJV hmoVo. AÝ`Wm EdT>çm _moR_moR>çm

37

H$cmH$am§~amo~a ZwgVo ~mocUohr gd©gm_mÝ`m§Zm H$R>rU AgVo. Ë`m{R>H$mUr

~wdm§Zr Aem àH$maÀ`m Jm`H$m§Mm OdiyZ n[aM` H$éZ KoD$Z Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z

Amnë`mcm hdr Vr {dÚm g§nmXZ Ho$cr. AWm©VM AWH$ n[al_mZo Ë`m§Zr

AZoH$ _moR>_moR>çm Jd`m§H$Sy>Z g§JrV gm¢X`© {Q>nco. ~wdm§Zr g§JrVmMo {ejU

H$moUmH$moUmH$S>o Am{U H$em àH$mao KoVco `m{df`r g{dñVa {ddoMZ àñVwV

à~§YmÀ`m n{hë`m àH$aUm_Yo Ho$coco Amho. Ë`m_wio gXa àH$aUm_Yo Ë`m§Zr

doJdoJù`m Jwé§H$Sy>Z H$moUH$moUVo kmZ g§nmXZ Ho$co `mMo Vm¡c{ZH$ {ddoMZ

`mnwT>o Ho$coco Amho.

~wdm§Zr g§JrVmMr Vmcr_ AZoH$ _mVã~a Am{U KamUoXma Jm`H$m§H$Sy>Z

KoVcr. Ë`m§À`m g§JrV {ejUmMm lrJUoemhr EH$m {X½JO Aem Jm`H$mH$S>o

Pmcm. `mdéZ ~wdm§Mr gm§{J{VH$ AmdS> hr chmZnUmnmgyZM CƒH$moQ>rMr

hmoVr Ago {XgyZ `oVo.

qgH$Xè`mMo ‘_h§_X Acr Im±’ ho ~wdm§Mo n{hco Jwé. ho _yiMo J oOdirc

‘ {ÌYmoa’ JmdMo AgyZ VmZgoZ `m§À`m KamÊ`mVrc Vo AH$amdo nwéf hmoV.

g§JrVmMr {dÚm Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m dmS> dS>rcm§H$Sy>Z Va KoVcrM VgoM

qhXwñWmZmVrc à{gÕ Jm`H$ hm§S>o í`m_ B_m_ ~Še `m§À`mH$Sy>Zhr H$mhr

H$mi g§JrVmMr Vmcr_ KoVcr.

‘_h§_X Acr Im±’ m§Mr Jm`H$s M_ËH¥$VrnyU© VgoM {MÎmmH$f©H$ hmoVr.

Y¥nX-Y_ma Jm`Zmda Ë`m§Mo à^wÎd hmoVo. AZoH$ amJm§_Yo Ë`m§Zr ñdV: aMcoco

Y¥nX-Y_ma nwñVH$ énmZo à{gÕ Pmcoco AmhoV. Jm`ZmMm {nT>rOmV dmagm

Im±gmho~m§Zm cm^ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m Jm`H$s_Yo Ka§XmOnUm {XgyZ `oV Ago.

VgoM Im±gmho~m§Zr ñdV:À`m _ohZVrZo Am{U Mm¡H$g ~wÕrZo na§namJV ImZXmZr

Jm`H$s_Yo Amnë`m ñdV§Ì à{V^oMr ^a KmVcocr hmoVr. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mo JmUo

KamUoXma AgyZhr ‘ñdV§Ì e¡crMo Am{U cjdoYr’ Ago hmoVo.

Ago ho g§JrVmMr H$R>moa kmZgmYZm H$aUmao à{V^mdmZ JdB© h¡Xam~mX

`oWo AgVmZm ~wdm§Mo Ë`m§À`mH$S>o AmH¥$ï> hmoUo AJXr gmh{OH$M hmoVo. _mÌ

38

H$moUVrhr Jmoï> AJXr {dMmanyd©H$ H$aÊ`mÀ`m ~wdm§À`m gd`r_wio Ë`m§Zr àW_

‘_h§_X Acr Im±’ `m§Mr EH$ O_cocr _¡\$sc EoH$cr Am{U Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Mo

{eî`Îd nËH$maco. Amnë`m Jwé§Mr _Zmo^mdo godm H$éZ Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z g§JrVmMo

kmZ KoÊ`mg gwadmV Ho$cr. Odi Odi 5 Vo 6 df} ~wdm§Zr Im±gmho~m§H$Sy>Z

g§JrVmMo {ejU KoVco. Jm`ZmVrc ^maXñVnUm, ñdam§Mo cJmd Y¥nX-Y_ma

JrV àH$mam§Mo à^mdr Jm`Z B. Jmoï>r ~wdm§Zr Im±gmho~m§H$Sy>Z KoVë`m. VgoM

Jm`Z H$coMr gmYZm H$er H$amdr? Vo H$aV AgVmZm Mm¡\o$a ZOa Agmdr.

ñdV:Mr à{V^m Hw$R>oVar JmÊ`mV {XgyZ `mdr `mgma»`m A{Ve` _hÎdmÀ`m

Jmoï>r ~wdm§Zr Im±gmho~m§H$Sy>Z ZH$iVnUo CMcë`m. Aem VèhoZo ~wdm§À`m g§JrV

H$coMm nm`m ^¸$_ Pmcm.

_h§_X ActH$S>o Jm`Z {eH$V AgVmZmM ~wdm§Zr ‘C_amd Im±’ `m§Mo

JmUo EoH$co. Vo h¡Xam~mX `oWoM amhV AgV. Ë`m§Mo JmUo ~wdm§Zm BVHo$ AmdS>co

H$s, ~wdm§Zr C_amd Im±gmho~m§H$Sy>Z AmnU H$mhrVar {eH$mdo Agm ñdV: R>m_

{ZíM` H$éZM Ë`m§Mr JmR> KoVcr. ‘C_amd Im±’ ho {X„rMo à{gÕ Jm`H$

VmZag Im±Mo nwÌ hmoV. emór` g§JrVmMo nma§nm[aH$ d emóewÕ {ejU

C_amd Im± m§Zr Amnë`m dS>rcm§H$S>oM KoVcoco hmoVo. g§JrVmMr H$R>moa VníM`m©

Am{U gmYZm H$éZ Vo EH$ loð> g§JrVk ~Zco. AënmdYrVM Ë`m§Mr JUZm

g§JrV joÌmVrc CƒH$moQ>rÀ`m Jm`H$m§_Yo Ho$cr Jococr hmoVr. Ë`m§Mm AmdmO

H$_mcrMm gwaoc Am{U X_Xma hmoVm. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mr _¡\$rc AJXr n{hë`m nmM

{_{ZQ>mVM a§JVXma hmoV Ago. {edm` C_amd Im±gmho~m§Zm KamUoXma Vmcr_

{_imë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m Jm`ZmVyZ AZoH$ amJm§_Yrc gm¢X ©nyU© OmJm Am{U AdKS>

gyamdQ>tMm {_cm\$ ghO {XgyZ `oV Ago. VgoM Ë`m§À`m Jm`ZmVrc {deof

~m~ åhUOo Ë`m§Mr Jm`H$s lmoË`m§À`m öX`mMm R>md KoV Ago. lmoVo Ë`m§À`m

Jm`ZmMm öX`mnmgyZ, _ZmnmgyZ ñdrH$ma H$arV AgV. Ë`m_wioM Im±gmho~m§Mr

Jm`H$s _moR>r {dÛÎmmnyU© Am{U à^mdemcr _mZcr Jocr.

~wdm§Zr C_amd Im± `m§MoH$Sy>Z g§JrVmVrc Jmoï>tMo {ejU KoVco.

39

AZoH${dY amJ, Ë`mVrc ~§{Xer, {deofV: {X„r KamÊ`mÀ`m H$mhr Img

~§{Xer, ñdam§Mo cJmd, amJm§_Yrc ~maH$mdo ~§{XerVyZ AmcmnrVyZ H$go

_m§S>mdoV? VgoM AmdmO gwaoc d X_XmanUo H$em àH$mao cmdmdm. AënmdYrVM

amJñdén AmH$f©H$nUo H$go C^o H$amdo? B. Jmoï>r Im±gmho~m§H$Sy>Z KoVë`m

Agmì`mV.

`mMdoir VmZag Im± `m§MrM JmZna§nam ghrghr Mmc{dUmao Ë`m§Mo

^mƒo eã~y Im± ho hr AYyZ-_YyZ C_amd Im± m§MoH$S>o oV AgV. Ë`m§Mohr JmUo

~wdm§Zm AmdS>V Ago. ~wdm§Zr eã~y Im± `m§MoH$S>ohr H$mhr H$mi g§JrVmMo {ejU

KoVco. noMXma VmZm Am{U H$R>rU \§$Xo hr eã~y Im± `m§À`m Jm`ZmMr Im{g`V

hmoVr. Ë`m_wioM Ë`m§À`m gmXarH$aUmMm T>§§J hm BVam§nojm WmoS>m doJim dmQ>V

Ago. Hw$emJ« ~wÕrÀ`m OJÞmW~wdm§À`m ZOaoVyZ eã~y Im±À`m Jm`H$sMo doJionU

hr Jmoï> gwQ>cr Zmhr. Ë`m§Zr eã~y Im±À`m g§JrV gm¢X`m©Mo ho doJionU {Q>nÊ`mgmR>r

Ë`m§Mr Iyn godm gwl¥fm Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z g§JrV{dÚm hñVJV Ho$cr.

Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m H$mimV ~wdm h¡Xam~mX gmoSy>Z ‘H$moëhmnya’ `oWo Amco. VoWo

Amë`mdahr Ë`m§Mo g§JrVmMo qMVZ, _ZZ gVV gwéM hmoVo. H$mcm§VamZo EH$m

`moJm`moJmZo Ë`m§Mr Vcd§S>rdmco à{gÕ Jm`H$ Jwcm_ _hå_X Im± `m§Mr JmR>

nS>cr. (`m~m~VrVcm g{dñVa C„oI àH$aU 1 _Yo Ho$cm Agë`m_wio `oWo

A{YH$ Iwcmgm {Xcocm Zmhr.) ~wdm§Mo ho Jwé à{gÕ Jm`H$ Acr ~Še `m§À`m

{eî`m gaXma ~mB© m§À`mH$S>o gma§Jr dmOdV AgV Am{U Ë`m§À`mH$S>oM MmH$a

åhUyZ amhV AgV. AË`§V hþema Agcoë`m `m Jwcm_ _hå_XmMo g§JrVmMo

AmH$cZ nmhÿ>Z gaXma ~mB© m§Zr Ë`m§Zm H$m_mdéZ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$co Am{U {IOdco

H$s, ‘BVH$mM JmÊ`mMm em¡H$ Amho, Va gma§Jr H$emcm dmOdVmog? JmV H$m

Zmhrg?’ ñdmdc§~r Am{U ñdm{^_mZr AgUmè`m Jwcm_ _hå_Xm§Zm Vmo An_mZ

ghZ Pmcm Zmhr. Ë`mjUr Ë`m§Zr Amncr gma§Jr O{_Zrda AmnQy>Z \$moSy>Z

Q>mH$cr Am{U R>a{dc§ H$s, AmnU Jm`H$M ìhm`M§. _ZmVrc àM§S> {OÔ

Am{U gaXma ~mBªH$S>o cm^cocr EoH$sd Vmcr_ `m Omoamda Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m

40

Jmdr OmD$Z g§JrVmMr H$R>moa VníM`m© Ho$cr EH$cì`mà_mUo Jwécm ZwgVo

ZOaog_moa R>odyZ g§JrVmMr àM§S> gmYZm Ho$cr Am{U H$mcm§VamZo EH$ à{gÕ

Jm`H$ ~Zco. Ë`mgmR>r OrdmnmS> _ohZV Ho$cr Am{U Amnco XmoZ ^mD$

aO_mZ Im± Am{U AVm _hå_X `m§Zmhr g§JrVmMr Vmcr_ {Xcr. H$mcm§VamZo

{X„rMo à{gÕ Jm`H$ C_amd Im± `m§À`mH$Sy>Zhr 6 _{hZo g§JrVmMr Vmcr_

KoVcr.

Aem `m A{Ve` {OÔr Am{U ñdm{^_mZr Jwé-Jwcm_ _hå_Xm§H$S>o

AZoH$ gw§Xa-gw§Xa ~§{XetMm IOmZm hmoVm. ~wdm§Zr Amnë`m gd© Jwé§n¡H$s gdm©{YH$

godm `m Jwcm_ _hå_X `m§Mr Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m§Zrhr ~wdm§H$Sy>Z àM§S> godm H$éZ

KoVcr. Amnco gd© MmoMco nwa{dÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr ~wdm§Mm Iyn dmna H$éZ KoVcm.

na§Vw JwégmR>r H$mhrhr H$aÊ`mg gX¡d VËna AgUmè`m ~wdm§Zr g§JrV {dÚogmR>r

Aem JwéMr haàH$mao godm Ho$cr. Ë`m§Mo gd© N>§X, hm¡g, _m¡O nwa{dÊ`mgmR>r

ñdV: ^anya H$ï> gmogco. na§Vw Ë`mMr AmM H$Yr Jwécm OmUdy {Xcr Zmhr.

gX¡d hgV_wImZo Vo JwéMr godm H$aV amhrco Am{U Ë`m§MoH$Sy>Z g§JrVmMo kmZ

KoV amhrco.

EH$sH$S>o ~wdm ho àM§S> godm^mdr d¥Îmr Am{U {dZ_« Agcoco EH$ AmXe©

{eî` åhUmdo Ago hmoVo Va XwgarH$S>o ~wdm§Mo ho Jwé Jwcm_ _hå_X ho Vgo H$moÎ`m

d¥ÎmrMo hmoVo. ~wdm§Mr Hw$emJ« ~wÕr nmhÿZ Vo Ë`m§Zm hmVM amIyZM {eH${dV

AgV. EH$Xm ~wdm§Zm Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z EH$ {d{eï> Y¥nX {eH$m`M hmoV§. ~wdm§Zr

VrZ Mma doim {dZ§Vr H$éZ nmhrcr Z§Va hÅ> H$éZhr nmhrcm na§Vw Ë`mMm

H$mhrM Cn`moJ Pmcm Zmhr. Jwcm_ _hå_Xm§Zr ~wdm§Zm ~ogmdYnUohr H$YrM

Ë`m Y¥nXm~Ôc `[ËH$¨{MVhr _m{hVr gm§{JVcr Zmhr. _mÌ ~wdm§Zrhr `m~Ôc

H$Yrhr ñdV: hma _mZcr Zmhr. ~wdm§À`m amerV ‘JwéH¥$nm’ hr AJ«ñWmZr

Agmdr Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm ñdV:cm Agm R>m_ {dídmg hmoVm, ImÌr hmoVr H$r,

EH$ Zm EH$ {Xdg hoM Jwcm_^mB© Amnë`mcm ñdV:hÿZ Y¥nX {eH$dVrc

Am{U ~è`mM H$mcmdYrZ§Va ~wdm§MoM eãX Iao R>aco. Jwcm_ _hå_Xm§Zr

41

~wdm§Mr BÀN>m nyU© Ho$cr. JwéH¥$noMm àgmX ~wdm§Zm cm^cm Am{U Oo {d{eï>

Y¥nX Ë`m§Zm hd hmoV§ Vo Jwcm_^mB©§H Sy>Z {eH$m`cm {_imc§.

AWm©VM `m gmè`m IQ>mnQ>r_Yo ~wdm§Zr Jwcm_^mBªMr _Ou haàH$mao

gm§^micr. _ZmnmgyZ Ë`m§Mr godm Ho$cr Am{U nmfmUmcm nmPa \$wQ>mdm Vgo

JwéMo _Z {ZP©amgmaIo dmhÿ cmJco. VoWyZ nwT>o `m Jwé§Zr ~wdm§Zm H$YrM g§JrV

{dÚm XoÊ`m~m~V H§$Owgr Ho$cr Zmhr. XmoKohr Jwµé-{eî` g§JrV gmYZoV

EH$én Pmco Am{U g§JrV YZ cwQ>V amhrco.

AmnU AmVmn`ªV nmhrco H$s, ~wdm§Zr g§JrVmMo kmZ {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r

AZoH$ Jwé Ho$co Am{U àË`oH$mH$Sy>Z g§JrVmMo CËH¥$ï> kmZ {_i{dco. na§Vw

H$co~m~VrV åhUm qH$dm H$moUË`mhr kmZjoÌmVrc gImoc kmZ àmá

H$aÊ`mH$[aVm EH$m na_JwéMr, kmZrnwéfmMr JaO AgVo. Á`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr

crZ hmoD$Z, ZV_ñVH$ hmoD$Z Amnë`m gd© g_ñ`m§Mr CH$c hmoD$ eH$Vo

Aem EH$m loð> ì`º$sMr OrdZm_Yo n«Ë`oH$mcmM JaO AgVo. hr EH$m {eî`mMr

AË`§{VH$ Vi_i Am{U JaO AmoiIyZM OUy ~wdm§À`m Am`wî`mV C.{dcm`V

hþgoZ Im± ZmdmMo na_X¡dV `m§Mo AmJ_Z Pmco Am{U ~wdm§Mr g§JrV{dÚm

{_i{dÊ`mgmR>rMr nadS> Wm§~cr.

~wdm§Zr ‘~oiJmd’ `oWrc H$m±J«og A{YdoeZmV Im±gmho~m§Mo JmUo EoH$co

Am{U Vo JmUo ~wdm§À`m _Zmda Ajae: H$moaco Joco. ‘ {dcm`V hþgoZ’ ho gmV

Ajar Zmd åhUOo ~wdm§Zm OUy gágyam§Mm _§ÌM Amnë`m _wR>rV Amë`mà_mUo

dmQy> cmJco. ~wdm§Zr Ë`m§À`m{df`r gd© _m{hVr Jmoim Ho$cr. ‘C.{dcm`V hþgoZ’

AmJ«m KamÊ`mMo EH$ à{gÕ H$cmH$ma. Oo Ho$di c{cV H$coMo {dñ_`H$mar

Am{U AX²^yV Xe©Z KS>{dUmao _hmZ H$cmH$ma åhUyZ AmoiIco OmV ZmhrV

Va Ë`m§À`m H$mcI§S>mVrc n§S>rVhr Ë`m§Zm _hmZ, {dÛmZ, g§JrVk åhUyZ

_mZ XoV AgV. Aem `m Wmoa Jm`H$mMr Wmoadr dUm©dr VodT>r WmoS>rM Amho.

_hmZ gm§{J{VH$ d§e na§nam cm^coë`m C.{dcm`V hþgoZ `m§Zr AmJ«m

KamÊ`mMrM Vmcr_ gdm©{YH$ H$mi KoVcr. na§Vw Ë`m§Zr ñdV: {c{hcocr

42

‘g§JrVkm|Ho$ g§ñ_aU’ `m nwñVH$mV Ë`m§À`m 42 Jwé§Mr _m{hVr {Xcocr Amho.

gwadmVrcm Wmoaco ~§Yy AãXwcm ImZ, Z§Va AmUIr EH$ ~§Yw _mohå_X Im±,

MwcV AmOmo~m Jwcm_ Aã~mg ImZ, _mohå_X ~j, H$„Z ImZ, H$am_V ImZ

`m KamVrc Wmoa d g§JrVloð> Aem _§S>itH$Sy>Z g§JrVmMr Vmcr_ KoVcr.

`m{edm` AëVm\$ hþgoZ ImZ, n§.{díd§^a {XZ, _wíVm\$ hþgoZ (am_nya

KamUo) _oh_yX Im±, nwÅ>Z ImZ `m§À`mH$Sy>Z Vmcr_ KoVcr.

`m{edm` Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§Mo C.\¡$æ`mO Im± `m§Mm chmZnUmnmgyZ Iyn

ghdmg cm^cm. Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Zhr Im±gmho~m§Zr g§JrVmVrc AZoH$ Jmoï>r {eH$ë`m.

ñdaVmcmMo kmZ, AmcmnMmar, Y¥nX, Y_ma c`H$mar, hmoar, gaJ_ B. _Yo

AënmdYrVM Ë`m§Zr _moR>r _Oc _macr.

\¡$æ`mO Im±gmaIr VmZ, gaJ_, g§JrVmVrc d¡{MÍ`, gw§XaVm Am{U

Acm¡{H$H$Vm `m§_wio {dcm`V hþgoZm§Mo JmUo lmoË`m§Zm _§Ì_w½Y Am{U AmZ§{XV

H$arV Ago. c` Vmcmda à^wÎd Agë`m_wio Im±gmho~ H$mhr AàM{cV

Vmcm_Yohr ~§[Xer JmV AgV. ~mocVmZ Am{U ~moc~Zmd ho Ë`m§À`m JmÊ`mMo

Img d¡{eîQ>ç hmoVo. qH$~hþZm ‘~mocVmZ’ `m {H«$`oMo g§JrVmVrc _hÎd

C.{dcm`V hþgoZm§ZrM g§JrV OJVmg nQ>dyZ {Xco, Ago åhQ>ë`mg H$mhr

dmdJo R>aUma Zmhr. H$maU Im±gmho~m§À`m nyduMo H$moUrhr Jm`H$ ~mocVmZoMm

dmna \$magm H$arV ZgV.

OwÝ`m cwá hmoV Agcoë`m amJm§H$S>o Ë`m H$mimVrc Jm`H$ Am{YH$ cj

XoV ZgV. Aem amJm§Zm cmoH${à` ~Z{dÊ`mMo Am{U OVZ H$aÊ`mMo _hmZ

H$m`© Im±gmho~m§Zr Ho$co. Aem VèhoZo AàM{cV amJm§Zm Ë`m§Zr lmoË`m§nwT>o AmUco.

Amnë`m {eî`m§Zmhr Ago amJ {eH$dyZ EH$ àH$mao g§JrVmVrc hm IOmZm

dmM{dÊ`mMo ~hþ_moc H$m_M Ë`m§Zr Ho$co. CXm. amJ ZQ>{~hmJ, AmZÝXr,

_cwhm Ho$Xma, _cwhmH$ë`mU, ~hmXwar VmoS>r B. cwá hmoV Mmccoë`m amJm§Zm

Ë`m§Zr OrdZXmZ {Xco.

Amnë`m CñVmXm§Zm AmXe© CXmhaU _mZyZ Ë`m§À`m VmoS>rg VmoS> Ago

43

Amnco JmUo Pmco nmhrOo, `mgmR>r Vo gVV à`ËZ H$arV AgV. AZoH$

CÎm_moÎm_ {eî` Ë`m§Zr {Z_m©U Ho$co. CXm. ZÝho Im± (N>moQ>o ^mD$) ñd.`wgw\$

Im±, ~era Ah_X, `wZyg hþgoZ Im± (_wcJm) eam\$V hþgoZ Im±, AH$sc

Ah_X, e\$s Ah_X, JOmZZamd Omoer, n§.OJÞmW~wdm, lr_Vr gw_Vr

_wQ>mQ>H$a, _mcVr nm§S>o, ìhr.Ama. AmR>dco, _ram {eadmS>H$a, S>r.ìhr. H$mUo,

XwJm© ImoQ>o B.

Aem `m _hmZ Jm`H$ Am{U g§JrVkmMo {eî` hmoÊ`mMo ^m½`

OJÞmW~wdm§Zm cm^co hmM ~wdm§À`m Am`wî`mVrc gwdU©H$mi åhUVm `oB©c.

Im±gmho~m§gmaIo Jwé oQ>Uo hrM Ë`m§À`m Am`wî`mVrc gwI_` Jmoï>. ì`dhmam_Yo

AmnU EImÚm gw§Xa Jmoï>rMo dU©Z H$aVmZm Xw½YeH©$am `moJ, _{UH$m§MZ `moJ,

Acä` cm^, K~mS> `moJ Ago Oo H$mhr eãXà`moJ dmnaVmo, Vo gd©M `moJ OUy

C.{dcm`V hþgoZ Im±gmho~m§À`m énmZo ~wdm§À`m Am`wî`mV EH$X_M OwiyZ

Amco. VoWyZ nwT>o Odi Odi 25 Vo 30 df} ~wdm§Zr Im±gmho~m§H$S>o g§JrV

gmYZm Ho$cr. BVŠ`m àXrK© H$mi JwéH$S>o gmYZm H$amd`mg {_iUo, Ë`m§Mr

H¥$nmÑï>r cm^Uo Am{U Ë`m§Mr godm H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {_iUo Agm `moJ \$ma

Xw{_©iVoZo nhmd`mg {_iVmo.

~wdm§Zr Im±gmho~m§H$Sy>Z g§JrVmVrc gImoc kmZ àmá Ho$co. g§JrVmVrc

AZoH${dY amJ, Ag§»` ~§[Xer, AmcmnMmar, {d{dY Vmcm§Mm dmna, c`H$mar,

Y¥nX, Y_ma, hmoar, gaJ_, ~mocVmZ, ~moc~Zmd, g§JrVmVrc AZdQ> amJ,

VgoM H$mhr ZdrZ amJ B. AZoH$ Jmoï>r ~wdm§Zr H$R>moa _ohZV H$éZ Im±gmho~m§H$Sy>Z

{eHy$Z KoVë`m. m àXrK© H$mcI§S>mV m Jwé-{eî`m§Zr Amnco nañna ñZohg§~§Y

Ago H$mhr Onco H$s, Ë`m§À`m m AZmo»`m ZmË`mMo dU©Z H$am`cm eãXM Anwao

nS>VmV. Im±gmho~m§Zr ‘n«mU{n`m’ `m Q>monU ZmdmZo Va ~wdm§Zr Ë`m§MmM AmXe©

S>moù`mg_moa R>odyZ ‘Jw{ZXmg’ `m Q>monU ZmdmZo AZoH$ ~§[Xer aMë`m Am{U

g§JrV OJVmV ‘àmU{n`m-Jw{ZXmg’ hr OmoS>r AOam_a Pmcr. nwîH$idoim

ho Jwé{eî` ZwgË`m ZOaoZoM g§dmX gmYV AgV BVHo$ Vo nañnam§er EH$én

44

Pmcoco hmoVo.

WmoS>Š`mV, ~wdm§Zm Im±gmho~m§H$Sy>Z AmJ«m KamÊ`mMr g§nyU© Vmcr_ Va

{_imcrM nU Ë`m~amo~aM BVa KamÊ`mVrc a§JVXma, Jmoï>tMo Mm¡\o$a kmZhr

{_imco. EH$Q>çm Im±gmho~m§H$Sy>Z ~wdm§Zm d¡{dÜ`nyU© Vmcr_ {_imcr.

Im±gmho~m§À`m ‘‘ {X{I`m±, {g{I`m±, na{I`m±’’ (31)(31)(31)(31)(31) `m AmdS>Ë`m Cº$sà_mUo

OJÞmW~wdm AJXr chmZnUmnmgyZM dmJV Amco. Ë`m_wio Im±gmho~m§à_mUoM

~wdmXoIrc AënmdYrVM cmoH${à` Jm`H$, g§JrVk Am{U loð> Jwé ~Zco.

~wdm§À`m kmZmO©ZmÀ`m ~m~VrV à{gÕ coIH$ lr.Zm.gr. \$S>Ho$ Ago

åhUVmV H$s, ‘BVH$m g§JrVmV AI§S> a_Umam, g§JrVmMo qMVZ, _ZZ H$aUmam

_mUyg _r nmhrcm Zmhr!’ (32)(32)(32)(32)(32) `mdéZ ~wdm§Zr ñdV:cm g§JrVmgmR>r H$em

àH$mao dmhÿZ KoVco hmoVo ho OmUdV§. AZoH$ Wmoa _§S>itH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zr g§JrV

{dÚm KoVcrM, na§Vw Ooìhm Ooìhm kmZmMr EImXr Zdr dmQ> Zdr {Xem cm^oc

Voìhm Vo Aer g§Yr MwHy$Zhr gmoS>V ZgV. Ë`m dmQ>oZo Ë`m {XeoZo Ymd KodyZ Vo

kmZ g§nmXZ H$arV AgV. _JM Ë`m§À`m Ordmcm em§Vr {_iV Ago.

AgoM EH$Xm ~wdm H$moëhmnyaMo g§JrV OJVmVrc loð> ì`º$s_Îd

‘lr.JmoqdXamd Q>|~o’ m§À`m~amo~a wamon Xm¡è`mcm Joco hmoVo Ë`mdoir Ë`m§Zm n{V`mcm

KamÊ`mMo à{gÕ Jm`H$ ‘AmeH$ Acr’ `m§Mm Iyn ghdmg cm^cm. ~wdm§Zm

Ë`m§Mr AmH«$_H$ Jm`H$s Iyn AmdS>cr. cJoMM ~wdm§Zr Ë`m§Mr _ZYaUr H$éZ,

godm H$éZ Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z n{V`mcm KamÊ`mVrc Jm`H$sVrc AmH«$_H$Vm,

~maH$mdo OmUyZ KoVco. VgoM Xm¡è`mdéZ naV `oV AgVmZm ~wdm Am{U Q>|~o

`m§Mm g§JrV Vm\$m BQ>crhÿZ H$amMr `oWo Amcm. VoWyZ nwT>o ^maVmV `oÊ`mg

XmoZ {Xdg AdYr hmoVm. H$maU Ë`m Xaå`mZ H$moUVrhr dmhZ gw{dYm CncãY

ZìhVr. ~wdm§À`m ~amo~aMo gmao cmoH$ Iyf hmoVo. Amnë`mcm XmoZ {Xdg H$amMr

OdiMm n[aga {\$am`cm {_iUma åhUyZ§! nU ~wdm .......! ~wdm _mÌ

doJù`mM {dMmamV X§J hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr H$moR>oVar Ago dmMco H$s EoH$co hmoVo H$s,

n§Om~ KamÊ`mMo ‘_w~maH$ Acr’ ho à{gÕ Jm`H$ H$amMr `oWoM amhVmV.

45

Voìhm Ë`m§Zr H$amMrV nmohMVm jUrM _w~maH$ ActMm emoY KoÊ`mg gwadmV

Ho$cr. WmoS>çmM doimV Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§Mm nÎmm emoYyZ H$mT>cm, Ë`m§À`mH$S>o Joco.

Am¡nMm[aH$ Vm|S>AmoiI dJ¡ao Pmë`mda ~wdm§Zr Ë`m§Zm g§JrV {eH${dÊ`mgmR>r

AmJ«h Ho$cm, {dZ§Vr Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§Mm AmdS>Vm amJ

‘nQ>_§{Oar’ _Yrc EH$ ~§Xre {eHy$Z KoVcr. Agm hm g§JrV {dÚoMm ^wHo$cm

_mUyg Amnë`m OrdZmVrc EH$ jUhr dm`m Kmc{dV Zgo.

AgmM AOyZ EH$ {H$ñgm ~wdm§À`m _mZgH$Ý`m lr_Vr crcmVmB©

`m§Zr gm§{JVcocm Amho. ~wdm EH$Xm H$m`©H«$_m{Z{_Î` {X„rcm Joco hmoVo.

H$m`©H«$_ AmQ>nyZ Vo AmJ«m oWo Amco. VoWo EH$M amÌ amhÿZ Vo nwÝhm H$moëhmnyacm

naVUma hmoVo. Vo AmJè`mcm Á`m hm°Q>ocmV amhrco hmoVo Ë`m hm°Q>ocg_moa EH$

_moR>m ~§Jcm hmoVm. Ë`m ~§Jë`mV nydu H$moUrVar _moR>m Jm`H$ amhV hmoVm Aer

_m{hVr Ë`m§Zm Ë`m hm°Q>oc _mcH$mH$Sy>Z {_imcr. na§Vw AmVm Ë`m ~§Jë`mV

H$moUr amhV Zmhr \$º$ EH$ ‘Ho$Aa Q>oH$a - amIUXma’ VodT>mM VoWo nydr©nmgyZ

Amho Aer AmoPaVr _m{hVr Ë`m hm°Q>oc _mcH$mZo ~wdm§Zm {Xcr. ~wdm EH$gmaIo

hm°Q>ocÀ`m {IS>H$sVyZ ~§Jë`mH$S>o nmhV amhrco. VodT>çmV Ë`m§Zm Vmo ~§Jë`mVrc

Ho$Aa Q>oH$a {Xgcm. ~wdm§Zr hm°Q>ocmVë`m EH$m H$m_Jmamcm {dMmaco H$s, ‘hm

Ho$Aa Q>oH$a JmVmo H$m?’ H$m_Jma ‘hmo’ Ago åhUmcm. ho EoHy$Z nwÝhm ~wdm§À`m

S>moŠ`mVco {dMmaMH«$ gwé Pmcr. Ë`m§Zr nydu H$YrVar Ag§ EoH$c hmoV§ H$s,

AmJè`mcm EH$ loð> Jd`r amhV hmoVo Am{U Ë`m§Mr ‘naO’ amJmVcr ~§[Xe

\$ma n«{gÕ Amho. ~wdm PQ>H$Z CR>co Am{U g_moarc ~§Jë`m_Yo Joco. VoWo Vmo

Ho$Aa Q>oH$a hmoVmM. ~wdm§Zr Ë`mMr OwO~r AmoiI H$éZ KoVcr Am{U Ë`mcm

Jm`cm gm§{JVco. Ë`mdoir amÌrMo AS>rM dmOcoco hmoVo. Vmo ~wdm§Zm ZH$mo ZH$mo

åhUV hmoVm, nU ~wdm§Zr Amnë`m nÕVrZo Ë`mcm nQ>dyZ Jm`cmM cmdco

Am{U naO amJmVcr ‘ [MS>r`m§ MohMmZr’ hr ~§[Xe Ë`m Ho$Aa Q>oH$a H$S>yZ

{eH$yZ KoVcr. Ago ho ~wdm g§JrVmO©ZmgmR>r gVV à`ËZerc AgV Am{U

Ë`m§Zm g§JrV {dÚm {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r H$Yrhr, H$moUË`mhr àH$maMm H$_rnUm

46

dmQ>V Zgo.

Aem àH$mao ~wdm§Zr g§JrVmVrc doJdoJù`m KamÊ`mVrc ì`º$s¨H$Sy>Z

g§JrVmMo {d{dYm§Jr kmZ g§nmXZ Ho$co Am{U Ë`mda ñdV:Mm {dMma H$éZ,

g§JrVmVrc gd©M Jmoï>tMm VwcZmË_H$ Aä`mg H$éZ ñdV:Mr Aer ñdV§Ì

Jm`H$s {Z_m©U Ho$cr Or AmO Ë`m§À`mM ZmdmZo ‘Jw{ZXmg Jm`H$s’ åhUyZ

AmoiIcr OmVo. ~wdm§Zm Ë`m§À`m Jm`H$s~Ôc àíZ {dMmaco AgVm Vo A{Ve`

Z_«nUo gm§JV AgV H$s, ‘‘Oo _mÂ`m Jm`ZmV gw§Xa dmQ>V, N>mZ dmQ>Vo Vo gd©

_mÂ`m Jwé§M Amho Am[U Oo MwH$sM dmQ>V`§ Vo _mP Amho.’’ Ago CX²Jma Ho$di

EH$ kmZr nwéfM/ `moJr nwéf H$mTy> eH$Vmo. _ZmMm àM§S> _moR>onUm hm

~wdm§À`m A§Jr hmoVm.

~wdm§À`m g§JrV {ejUmMm WmoS>Š`mV AmT>mdm KoVë`mg Ë`m§Zr _h_X

ActH$Sy>Z g§JrVmMm nm`m ^¸$_ H$arV, C_amd Im± `m§À`mH$Sy>Z gwaocnUm,

X_XmanUm Am{U a{gH$m§À`m öX`mMm R>md KoÊ`mMo H$g~, eã~y Im± `m§MoH$Sy>Z

noMXma VmZm, H$R>rU \§$Xo, gmXarH$aUmMm doJim T>§J, C.Jwcm_ _hå_X m§MoH$Sy>Z

nma§nm[aH$ Xw{_©i ~§[Xer Am{U na_Jwé C.{dcm`V hþgoZ Im± m§MoH$Sy>Z g§JrVmMo

gdmªJrU {ejU KoVco.

~wdm§Zm g§JrV {dÚm {_i{dÊ`mMm N>§XM hmoVm. hm N>§X nwam H$aÊ`mgmR>r

~wdm H$m` H$m` H$arV AgV `m{df`rMm EH$ J_VrXma {H$ñgm `oWo Z_yX

H$amdmgm dmQ>Vmo. nyduÀ`m H$mir g§JrV {dÚoV nma§JV Agcoco ~hþVoH$ cmoH$

ho _wpñc_ Jdæ`o hmoVo. `m§À`mn¡H$s EImX Xwgam AndmX dJiVm Aem Jd`m§Zm

gd© n«H$maMo ZmX AgV. H$_rV H$_r _ÚnmZ H$aUo ho Ë`m§Mo ì`gZ ZgyZ

Ë`m§Mm h¸$M Amho, Aem àH$maMo `m cmoH$m§Mo dmJUo Ago. Ë`m H$mimV `m

cmoH$m§Odi \$magm n¡gm Zgo. na§Vw Amnco N>§X H$go nwadm`Mo ho `m§Zm ~amo~a

_mhrV hmoVo. Ë`m_Yo gd©OU _mhra hmoVo. AgoM h¡Xam~mX_Yrc EH$m XméJwÎ`m

Odi ~aoMgo CñVmX amÌrÀ`m doir Xmé {nÊ`mgmR>r EH$Ì O_V AgV. WmoS>o

47

\$ma n¡go XoD$Z Xmé nrV AgV. Am{U n¡gm g§në`mda JwÎmodmcm Ë`m§Zm H$mhr

Xmé XoV Zgo. Aem doir ho cmoH$ Ë`m JwÎmodmë`mcm Amnco JmUo EoH$drV Am{U

Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z WmoS>rer Xmé nwÝhm KoV AgV. Ë`mZ§Vahr Ë`m§Mm hm Xmé

{nÊ`mMm gmog gwQ>V Zgo. Ë`m_wio JwÎmodmcm `m Jm`H$m§Zm H$mhrVar ZdrZ

EoH${dÊ`m{df`r AmJ«h H$arV Ago Am{U XmégmR>r ho cmoH$ Ajae: ñda{MV

Aem ZdZdrZ ~§[Xer amÌ-amÌ JmV AgV Am{U JwÎmodmë`mcm Iyf

R>odÊ`mH$[aVm AJXr _Ü`amÌ qH$dm nhmQ>on`ªV JmV AgV. ~wdm§Zm Hw$Ry>ZVar

`m Jmoï>rMm R>md{R>H$mUm cmJcm Am{U ~wdm ZdZdrZ kmZ àmá H$aÊ`mgmR>r

amÌ amÌ XméJwË`mÀ`m _mJÀ`m ~mOycm OmD$Z ~gV AgV Am{U `m CñVmX

_§S>ir§À`m MrOm EoH$V AgV Am{U Xwgao {Xder Ë`m MrOm§Mm ñdV§ÌnUo

Aä`mg H$arV AgV. Aem àH$mao kmZ {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r ~wdm§Mr H$mhrhr

H$aÊ`mMr V`mar Ago.

Aem àH$mao ~wdm§Zr g§JrV joÌmVrc AZoH$ Ka§XmO Jdæ`m§H$Sy>Z àË`j

Am{U AàË`jnUo g§JrVmMo {ejU KoVco.

_YwcwãYmo `Wm ^¥“: nwînmV nwînmÝVa§ àOoV²Ÿ&

kmZcwãYñVWm {eî`mo JwamoJw©d©Îma§ d«OoV²Ÿ&&(33)(33)(33)(33)(33)

`mMm AW© Agm H$s, _Ywcmo^r «_a Á`mà_mUo EH$m nwînmH$Sy>Z Xwgè`m

nwînmH$S>o OmVmo Vgo kmZ cmo^r {eî`mZo EH$m JwéH$Sy>Z Xwgè`m JwéH$S>o Omdo.

`mà_mUo ~wdm§Zr AZoH$ Jwéénr ñdanwînm§_YyZ g§JrVmMo _mYw`© ^«_amà_mUo

àmeZ Ho$co Am{U ho H$aVmZm _mÌ ~wdm§Mr Ñï>r MVwaó hmoVr. ‘AmkmYmaH$nUm’

hm {eî`mMm JwU Iam nU Omo EH$m {d{eï> _`m©Xon ªVM Agmdm. H$maU {eî`mÀ`m

A§Jr Mm¡H$gnUm Zgoc Va àJVr Iw§Q>Vo, {dMma Iw§Q>VmV. H$moUË`mhr H$coMo

kmZ KoVmZm ‘OmJéH$Vm’ \$ma _hÎdmMr R>aVo. Am§YionUmZo kmZ KoV amhUo

`m§V \$ma _moR>o ehmUnU Zmhr. ho ~wdm§Zr AmoiIcoco hmoVo. H$maU Ago

Ho$ë`mZo Jwé_Yo Agcoco Xmofhr Ë`mÀ`m {eî`m_Yo OgoÀ`m Vgo CVaVmV.

{OWo g§JrVmMo CÎm_ gm¢X`© AmT>iVo. {VWo H$coMo Zdo A{dîH$ma

48

AmT>iVmV. Ë`mVrc kmZmMo H$U {Q>nyZ KoUmam, Vo gya AmË_gmV H$aUmam

Am{U VnmgyZ nmhUmam EImXmM AgVmo. AÝ`Wm ‘g§JrV’ hr Jwé_wIr {dÚm

Agë`mZo Amnë`m S>moi`mg_moa OodT>o {Xgoc, Jwé OodT>§ gm§Joc {VVH$M§

Am§YionUmZo dfm©Zwdf} KmoH$Umao AZoH$ {dÚmWu Amnë`m AdVr^dVr {XgyZ

`oVmV. AJXr JwéÀ`m nohamdmMr CR>Ê`mMr, ~gÊ`mMr Am{U ~mocÊ`mMrhr ho

cmoH$ Z¸$c H$aVmV Am{U Ë`mVM YÝ`Vm _mZVmV.

na§Vw JwéZo [eH${dcoë`m kmZmda ñdV:Mm ñdV§Ì {dMma H$éZ H$coMm

{dH$mg gmYUmao ~wdm§gmaIo cmoH$M g§JrV OJVmV loð> R>aVmV. Á`m§Mo WmoanU

H$moUmcmhr nQ>dyZ gm§Jmdo cmJV Zmhr. Vo ñdV:M ñdV:Mr AmoiI ~Z{dVmV.

Zdr Jm`Ze¡cr cmoH$m§nwT>o AmUVmV Am{U {Vcm cmoH$_mÝ`Vm {_imë`mZoM

Aer _§S>ir Wmoa g§JrVk, Jm`H$, Zm`H$, H$cmH$ma Am{U loð> Jwé åhUyZ

gX¡d A_a amhVmV.

2.3 VËH$mcrZ g§JrVm{df`r n§.Jw{ZXmgm§Mm {demc Ñï>rH$moZ

~wdm§Mr EHy$U g§JrV OJVmH$S>o nmhÊ`mMr Ñï>rM Iyn {demc hmoVr.

AJXr g§JrVm_Ü`o Zì`mZo nmD$c Q>mH$Umè`m, AS>IiV JmUmè`m {dÚmÏ`m©M>o

JmUo H$m¡VwH$mZo àmoËgmhZ XoV EoH$V Am{U g§JrVmVrc {X½JO H$cmH$mamH$S>o Vo

Hw$VyhcmZo Am{U AmXamZo nmhV AgV. H$moUmhr~Ôc Vo H$YrM dmB©Q> ~mocV

ZgV. hm ~wdm§Mm gdm©V _moR>m JwU hmoVm. EImXr _¡\$sc Ë`m§Zm AmdS>cr Zgoc

Va Ë`m~m~V Vo H$moUmOdi H$mhrhr ~mocV ZgV. H$moUr Ë`m§Zm A{YH$M

ImoXyZ {dMmaco Va _mÌ Ë`mg§X^m©V EImXm H$~ramMm Xmohm Cnamo{YH$ åhUyZ

XmI{dV. nU H$Q>y> eãX ho OUy Ë`m§À`m eãXH$mofmVM ZìhVo.

~wdm§Zm Ago {d{dY AWm©Mo, Xmoho ñ_aUm§V hmoVo Am{U àg§JmZwén Vo

Ago Xmoho dmnarV AgV. CXmhaUmW© gm§Jmd`mMo Pmë`mg ‘Mm§Jcm JdB©

e§^amVyZ AmoiIVm `oVmo Ago H$mhr gm§Jmd`mMo Pmë`mg Vo J§J H$drMo H$mì`

åhUyZ XmI{dV -

‘‘ cmIm|_o JwUdÝV Nw>no Z{h,

49

Z{h XmVm Nw>no nrR> {XIm`oŸ&

gmo Kw§KQ> H$s Am¡Q> H$amo,

na M§Mc Z`Z {N>no Z {N>nm`oŸ&

H$ho J§J H$dr gwZ emho - AH$~a,

H$a_ N>wno Zhr ~^yV a_m`oŸ&’’ (34)(34)(34)(34)(34)

chmZnUmnmgyZM ~wdm ñdV§Ì {dMmadmXr hmoVo. Amnë`m OrdZmVrc

gd© chmZ-_moR>o {ZU©` Ë`m§Zr ñdV:M KoVco Am{U _J Ë`mV Ë`m§Zm `e-

An`e Amco Var Ë`mMr Ë`m§Zm I§V dmQ>V Zgo. g§JrVmMo gImoc kmZ àmá

H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ Jwé Ho$co. `m_Yohr Ë`m§Mr g§JrV {df`H$ Ñï>r

{demc hmoVr Ë`m_wioM Ë`m§Zr EH$mM JwéH$S>o EH$_mJu g§JrV Z {eH$Vm EHy$U

g§JrV H$coH$S>oM Mm¡\o$a ZOaoZo nmhrco Am{U BVahr KamÊ`m§_Yrc g§JrVmVrc

Mm§Jë`m Jmoï>r AmË_gmV H$aÊ`mMm YmS>gr {ZU©` KoVcm. Ë`m_wioM Ë`m§Zm

AZoH$ KamÊ`mVrc g§JrV gm¢X`© Zo_Ho$ H$emV cncoco Amho `mMm Aä`mg

H$aVm Amcm Am{U ho gd© H$arV AgVmZm ‘AmnU Zo_Ho$ H$go Jmdo’ `m ~m~V

Vo ñdV§ÌnUo {dMma H$arV AgV. lmoË`m§Zm H$m` AmdS>oc? g§JrV emómVrc

Zo_Ho$ H$m` lmoË`m§g_moa _m§S>mdo? H$em_wio Amncr Jm`H$s lmoË`m§Zm A{YH$

AmdS>oc? Am{U EHy$U _¡\$sc a§J{dÊ`mgmR>r g§JrVmVrc H$moUË`m Jmoï>tH$S>o

cj H|$ÐrV H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho? `m gdmªMm ~wdm§Zr gImoc Aä`mg Ho$cm.

AZoH${dY Jwé§H$Sy>Z kmZ KoVmZm Ë`m§Zr mVrc ~è`mM Jmoï>r {eH$ë`m.

na§Vw ‘g§JrV’ hr ldU H$cm Amho. Mm§Jco JmUo EoH$ë`mZo Amnë`mda Mm§Jco

g§ñH$ma hmoVmV ho ~wdm§Zm Iyn chmZnUrM H$icoco hmoVo. ~wdm§Zr Ë`m§À`m

H$mimVrc OdiOdi gd©M cmoH$m§Mo JmUo EoH$coco hmoVo. Jm`ZmVrc doJdoJù`m

{dMmaàdmhm§er Vo gmVË`mZo g§~§Y R>odrV. `mgmR>rM _¡\$c OgamOm§Mr Agmo,

Zgra Ah_X `m§Mr Agmo, {H$emoar A_moUH$am§Mr Agmo H$s Hw$_ma J§YdmªMr

Agmo ~wdm AmdOy©Z CnpñWV amhV Am{U _Z cmdyZ _¡\$scrMm agmñdmX KoV.

(35)(35)(35)(35)(35)

50

~wdm Ooìhm _w§~B©cm Am{U H$moëhmnyacm amhV hmoVo, Ë`mdoir Ë`m

{R>H$mUr hmoUmè`m gd© g§JrV _¡\$sctZm Vo hOa amhV AgV. ‘n«Ë oH$ _¡\$scrVyZ

AmnUm§g H$mhr Zm H$mhrVar Mm§Jco KoVm `oVo’ Agm Ë`m§Mm {dMma hmoVm.

Ë`m_wioM Vo H$moUmMohr JmUo ghgm MwH${dV ZgV. VgoM Vo Amnë`m {eî`m§Zmhr

ñdV:~amo~a ZodyZ Mm§Jë`m Mm§Jë`m Jdæ`m§Mo JmUo EoH${dV AgV Am{U

Ë`mVyZ Vo Amnë`m {eî`m§Zm Mm§Jco JmUo H$go Agmdo? `m{df`rMo _mJ©Xe©Z

XoV AgV. n«Ë`j _¡\$sc EoH$ë`mZ§Va Ë`mVrc Mm§Jë`m dmB©Q> Jmoï>r MQ>H$Z

g_OVmV. Am{U `m{df`rMo gd© kmZ Amnë`m {eî`m§Zm Agmdo OoUoH$éZ

Ë`m§Zm ñdV:Mr _¡\$sc gmXa H$aVmZm H$moUVrhr AS>MU `oD$ Z`o. AWdm

EImXr Jmoï> Amnë`m {eî`mcm _mhrVM Zmhr, Ago hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ ~wdm hm

gmam IQ>mQ>mon H$arV AgV.

amÌrMo 10.30 dmOco H$s, ~wdm ao{S>Amoda H$amMr d cmhmoa ñQ>oeZ

EoH$V AgV. Ë`mgmR>r _wÔm_ Ë`m§Zr EH$ Am°c doìh ao{S>Amo goQ> KoVcm hmoVm.

Ë`mda Vo {d{dY KamÊ`m§Mo emór`, Cnemór` g§JrV EoH$Ê`mMm AmZ§X

KoV. AZoH$ {X½JO H$cmH$mam§Mo JmUo Ë`mdoir AmH$medmUrdéZ àgmarV

Ho$co OmV Ago. Ë`m§_wio ~wdm§À`m àË`oH$ {XdgmMm eodQ>hr g§JrVmVM hmoB©.

~wdm Á`mdoir H$moëhmnyamV am[hco, Ë`mdoi Ë`m§Mm {gZojoÌmer g§nH©$

Amcm. ‘‘N>ÌnVr {gZoQ>moZ, h§g{nŠMg©, em{cZr {gZoQ>moZ B. AZoH$ {nŠMg©_Ü o

Ë`m§Zr å`w{PH$ ñQ>m\$~amo~a H$m_ Ho$co hmoVo. AmMm`© AÌ|À`m ‘~«÷Mmar’ _Yo

Va ‘gÌmUo CÈ>mUo’ hr AmaVrhr Ë`m§Zr J.{X._mS>JyiH$am§~amo~a åhQ>cr

Amho. H¡$.JmoqdXamd Q>|ã`m§Mm ghdmghr Ë`m§Zm Iyn cmJcm. ~è`mMem {MÌnQ>m§_Yo

~wdm§Zr Q>oã`m§À`m hmVmImcr å`w{PH$ ñQ>m\$À`m Vmc_r KoUo, Ë`m§À`m nXm§À`m

Mmcr ~gdyZ KoUo, aoH$m°{S>ªJcm hOa AgUo Am{U H$m_ Zgco åhUOo

Ë`m§À`m~amo~a Jm`cm ~gUo dJ¡ao H$m_o hm¡goZo Ho$cr.’’ (36)(36)(36)(36)(36)

`m AZw^dm_wio g§JrVmMo {Za{Zamio A{dîH$ma, Ë`mVë`m Iwã`m ~wdm§Zr

51

~maH$mB©Zo nm{hë`m. ZmQ>çg§JrVmda Ë`m§Mm cmo^ hmoVm. g§JrVmÀ`m c{cV

A§Jm{df`r {VañH$ma XmI{dÊ`mMm Am§YionUm ~wdm§Zr H$Yrhr Ho$cm Zmhr.

`mM H$mimV Ë`m§Mr lr.Jmo{d§Xamd Q>|ã`m§er ÑT> _¡Ìr O_cr. ~wdm§À`m A§Jr

Agcoco AZoH$ CÎm_ JwU CXm. Ë`m§Mm dº$eranUm, àm_m{UH$nUm Am{U

g§JrV H$co{df`r Ë`m§Mr {ZVm§V lÕm B. OmUyZ lr.Q>|~o m§Zr ~wdm§Zm ñdV:~amo~a

åh¡gya `wdamOm§À`m à^mdirV Jw§VdyZ Ë`m§Mm B§½c§S>, \«$mÝg Am{U `wamonmVë`m

BVa Xoem§Mm àdmg KS>dyZ AmUcm. Ë`m_wio ~wdm§Mm OrdZm^wd A{YH$ g_¥Õ

hmoD$Z Ë`m§Mr Ñï>rhr {dñVmacr.

amo__Ü`o 1000 dmXH$m§Mm dmÚd¥§X nm{hë`mda Amnë`mhr XoemV Ago

à`moJ Pmco nm[hOoV, Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQ>co. hm_©ZrMr eº$s Ë`m§Zr AmoiIcr.(37)(37)(37)(37)(37)

EImXo {\$ë_r JmUo EoH$VmZmhr ~wdm a_V AgV. cVm~mBªÀ`m qH$dm

Amem~mBªÀ`m Jù`mVyZ Jocoë`m _mohH$ haH$VtZm ~wdm§Mr XmX {_iV Ago.

VgoM ZyaOhm± XoIrc ~wdm§À`m AmdS>Ë`m Jm{`H$m hmoË`m. ~wdm§Zm ~oJ_ A»Vam§Mohr

JmUo Iyn AmdS>m`Mo. VgoM Ë`m H$mimVrc Rw>_ar, JPc, XmXam, Q>ßnm Ago

Cnemór` JrV àH$mahr ~wdm§Zm Iyn AmdS>m`Mo. Rw>_arn¡H$s {deofV: n§Om§~r

T>§JmMr Rw>_ar Ë`m§Zm \$ma AmdS>m`Mr. cVm~mBªMo ‘AmnH$s ZOamoZo g_Pm’ ho

JmUo Iyn AmdS>m`Mo. ~wdm åhUm`Mo H$s m JmÊ`mMm _wIS>m Agm H$m` ~m§Ycm`

H$s, Vmo EoH$ë`mda _r Xoh^mZ {dgéZ OmVmo. gJi OJ H$g§ gya Am{U Vmc

`m§À`m ào_mZ ~m§Ycoc§ `mn¡H$s EH$mZ Oa Amnc ñWmZ gmoS>c Va {dZme

AmoT>doc (37)(37)(37)(37)(37) Aer `m JmÊ`m~m~VMr Ë`m§Mr gyú_ à{V{H«$`m hmoVr Vr nmhÿZ

Ago dmQ>Vo H$s, Ë`m§Mr g§JrVmMr AmdS> gdªH$f hmoVr.

~wdm§Mr g§JrVmMr AmdS> hr MVwaó hmoVr. emór` g§JrVmnmgyZ

gwJ_ g§JrVmn`ªVMo gd© JrVàH$ma Ë`m§Zm AmdS>V hmoVo. åhUOoM g§JrVmMr

AZoH$ éno nmhÊ`mV, hmVmiÊ`mV Ë`m§Zm ag dmQ>V Ago. A[^OmV g§JrVmMr

Cƒ A{^éMr A§Jr ~miJyZhr Ë`m§Zm g§JrVmVrc Oo én gw§Xa, AmH$f©H$

Am{U _mohH$ dmQ>V Ago Vo Ho$di c{cV, AWdm gwJ_ åhUyZ Ë`mH$S>o Ë`m§Zr

52

H$Yr Xwc©j Ho$co Zmhr. EHy$UM ‘g§JrV’ `m H$coH$S>o Ë`m§Zr H$Yr Am§Hw${MV

d¥ÎmrZo nmhrco Zmhr. Va H$m`_M Ë`m§Zr g§JrVmH$S>o {demcVoZo nmhrco. Oo

g§JrV Ë`m§À`m _Zmcm ^mdco, öX`mcm {^S>co, VoWo Ë`m§Zr _ZmnmgyZ XmX

{Xcr. Aem `m am̧{XZ g§JrVmVM a_Umè`m ~wdm§Mo ì`º$s_Îd ‘ {XcIwcmg’

hmoVo `mV H$mhrM e§H$m Zmhr.