Emergency Shelter Typologies: Determining its Applicability in the Philippine Environment AR 200 - 1, AR 200 - 1 F , AR 200 - 1S – Architectural Thesis Design BY: AGUINALDO , ROLAND JULIUS B. 2009120401
Oct 03, 2015
Emergency Shelter Typologies: Determining its Applicability in the Philippine Environment
AR 200-1, AR 200-1 F , AR 200-1S Architectural Thesis Design
BY: AGUINALDO, ROLAND JULIUS B.
2009120401
THE PROBLEM: Introduction
The Philippines is the 3rd in the most disaster prone country in the world
Natural disasters are the primary source of displacement of families and communities
We still lack in providing long term solutions to these problems.
THE PROBLEM: Statement of the Problem
Displaced families from disasters are forced to live in crowded evacuation areas
Inadequate facilities and structures
Increased risk to diseases and abuse
Poor shelter conditions
THE PROBLEM: Goals, Objectives and Strategies
Goal:- Achieve a swift and efficient way of providing pre-disaster and post-disaster assistance by
means of architecture, without compromising the basic needs of the affected individuals.
- Assess the different causes that are affecting the operations and implementation of emergency structures to efficiently deliver their services to the evacuees and affected individuals.
- Look in to the different pros and cons of different types of emergency structures, considering this goal would help in the design phase of this thesis.
- Adopt to the prevailing challenges of disaster risk-reduction efforts brought by different circumstances and that would help in the long term efforts of providing emergency structures.
- Achieve better technological solutions in providing better emergency structures
THE PROBLEM: Goals, Objectives and Strategies
Objectives:- Study the different emergency structures in accordance to its efficiency in providing disaster mitigation, response and recovery efforts.
- Find the proper solution to the natural, physical, social and political challenges faced by the implementation of disaster risk-reduction and climate change adoption.
- Provide an improvement or a new solution to the existing disaster emergency structures through architecture.
THE PROBLEM: Goals, Objectives and Strategies
Strategies:- To conduct a case study to existing types of emergency structures to compare
and contrast the efficiency of its use.
- Interview of the respective government and non-government offices that are involved in the efforts done in disaster risk-reduction programs.
- Study the general challenges faced by the implementation of disaster risk-reduction to see which of these can be solved through architectural solutions.
- Gather relevant sample datas and information from the past disasters that occurred in the Philippines to point out architecturally the adoption that needs to be done in the design stage of this research.
THE PROBLEM: Significance of the Research
- Provide a basis on which emergency structures must be used in the typology of disaster in the Philippines, with the consideration of the existing challenges that makes disaster risk-reduction efforts slow.
- Provide a hypothetical architectural long term solution that is swift and efficient and that will conform to prevailing and future challenges faced by disaster risk-reduction management in the Philippines.
- To improve the situation of emergency structures, to each have different problem in terms of short and long term usage, design and purpose of the structures.
THE PROBLEM: Scope, Limitations and Assumption
Scope :- Study of the different emergency structures, its efficiency in providing short
and long term solution to disaster mitigation, response and recovery efforts.
- General study of the different situations or challenges that disaster risk-reduction faces that may be solved through architectural out puts.
- Improvement of emergency structures and which of these structures are highly applicable to the typology of situation faced by disaster risk-reduction programs.
- Analysis of data and information gathered from national government and international organizations that are relevant to disaster risk-reduction, emergency structures and natural disaster occurrence in the Philippines.
THE PROBLEM: Scope, Limitations and Assumption
Limitations :- The datas and information is provided by the offices of government and
non-government, and is recommended to conduct a more interactive data gathering procedure to provide a second hand data from the ground zero of the occurrence of natural disasters.
- The study is limited to emergency structures and the different circumstances that are affecting disaster risk-reduction programs.
- The study is also time and resource bound, and is limited to the available books, references, online resources, documentaries and offices that can be accessed be the researcher.
THE PROBLEM: Scope, Limitations and Assumption
Assumption :- The research is assumed to be time bound and must based on the datas
gathered in the research progress to be used in the design process.
- The researcher is assumed to know the different principles and technical aspects that are needed in the research
- The study is assumed to study the different typologies of emergency shelters used in natural calamities.
Conceptual Framework:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
Challenges of Disaster Risk-Reduction Management
Situation of Evacuation Centers Philippines: Life in Evacuation Centers:
Vital Lessons for the Philippines Recovery from Super Typho on Haiyan
Permanent Evacuation Centers Pushed
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
Extensive Studies Metro Manila Earthquake Impact Study
Effects of Natural Disaster Occurrence to Buildings Earthquakes Volcano Typhoon and Storm Surges Flood
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
Role of Transitional Sheltering or Core Shelters in Disaster Mitigation Plans
METHODOLOGY: Interviews
Mr. Gerardo D. Tivedo(Fire Response Officer)
Member of the Manila Disaster Risk-Reduction and Management Office
Responded to the different emergencies within the City of Manila
One of the organizers of Disaster Training and Drills done in the Del Pan Evacuation Center and in the City of Manila
One of the responders in the aftermath of Super Typhoon Haiyan
METHODOLOGY: Interviews
Mr. Eduardo Galang(Brgy. Bangkal, Makati Barangay Administrator Officer)
Head of the Barangay Bangkal Disaster Risk-Reduction Management team
Responded from different barangay and city evacuation, response and rescue
METHODOLOGY: Interviews
Archt Albert Zambrano(Professor, Architect, Urban Planner)
Papers and Projects involving Rising Core House, BasecoIncremental Development
His knowledge in
METHODOLOGY: Interviews
August L. Baltazar(Habitat for Humanity, Director; Planning Design and Construction)
Has been involved in various humanitarian sheltering response and sheltering projects for affordable housing
METHODOLOGY: Case Studies
Del Pan Manila Evacuation Center
METHODOLOGY: Case Studies
Bangkal Multipurpose Hall
METHODOLOGY: Case Studies
Binakayan National High School as Evacuation Center
METHODOLOGY: Case Studies
Transitional Sheltering in TaclobanCity
Tornado Wind Speed and Post-Disaster Outcome
Storm Surge Height and its Damages
FINDINGS AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS: Summary of Findings
Summary of Findings Case Study SWOT analysis
Case Study Building Analysis
Interview results
FINDINGS AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS: Summary of Findings
Summary of Findings Summary of Work
Flow in different Emergency Shelter Typologies NORMAL DAYS
FINDINGS AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS: Summary of Findings
Summary of Findings Data Analysis and Summary of the
National Risk-Reduction Management Council Reports
Juan Pedring Pablo Yolanda
Not in Evacuation 57,311 511,910 483,644 2,586,625
In Evacuation 370,651 98,832 228,038 836,876
Num. of Evac. Centers 12 499 68 383
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
Comparative Chart of Number of Evacuation Centers to In Evacuation and Not Needing Evacuation Centers
Not in Evacuation In Evacuation Num. of Evac. Centers
FINDINGS AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS: Summary of Findings
Summary of Findings Data Analysis and Summary of the
National Risk-Reduction Management Council Reports
Juan Pedring Pablo Yolanda
Number of Barangays 3,434 3,316 3,064 12,139
Number of Evac. Center 12 499 68 383
Families Outside 80,227 52,337 223,516 815,927
Families inside 1,388 46,495 4,522 20,949
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
Comparative Ratio of Barangays to Evacuation Centers and Evacuees
Number of Evac. Center Number of Barangays Families inside Families Outside
FINDINGS AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS: Summary of Findings
Summary of Findings Data Analysis and Summary of the
National Risk-Reduction Management Council Reports
Juan Pedring Pablo Yolanda
Non - Evacuees 1,638,333 2,390,595 5,264,525 12,152,815
Evacuees 370,651 450,824 979,463 3,921,577
Cost Damages 10,980,673,78 8,898,950,081 24,222,823,52 36,690,882,49
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
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100%
0.00
5,000,000,000.00
10,000,000,000.00
15,000,000,000.00
20,000,000,000.00
25,000,000,000.00
30,000,000,000.00
35,000,000,000.00
40,000,000,000.00
Comparative Chart of Evacuees to Non Evacuees to Total Cost Damages
Evacuees Non - Evacuees Cost Damages
FINDINGS AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS: Summary of Findings
Summary of Findings Summary of Ratio of Compared
DataPerson
s to
Family
Ratio:
Families to
Barangay
Ratio:
Evacuation
Center to Total
Evacuees Ratio:
Evacuation
Center to
Inside
Evacuees
Ratio:
Evacuation
Center to
Outside
Evacuees
Ratio:
Cost of
Damage
s per
Person
Ratio:
Juan 5 125 30,888 427 30,462 5,466.00
Pedring 5 185 904 422 483 3,132.00
Pablo 9 233 14,404 294 14,111 389.00
Yolanda 5 283 10,240 266 9,974 2,283.00
TOTAL: 24 826 56,436 1,409 55,030 11,270.00
AVERAGE: 6 206.50 14,109 352.25 13,757.50 2,817.50
FINDINGS AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS: Design Guidelines and Recommendations
Design Standards: Red Cross Evacuation Center Field Guide
Standards for Shelter, Settlement, Site Selection and Planning
Communal facilities
Design of shelter, facilities and services
Gender Consideration in Design and Construction
Research Focus: Rationale
As a response to the problems in evacuation center, the displacement of families and psychological impact of natural calamities, this research is focused on:
Provide the basic necessities and supporting facilities that refugees needs for short or long term recovery
Provide a shelter that is designed to lessen the psychological impact to evacuees.
Help the calamity victims to have a shelter that is easily transportable, deployable, flexible, reusable, modular shelter.
Provide a single shelter that can be used as a transitional or core shelter for permanent use.
Research Focus: Principles and Relevance to the Project
Safety, Security and Support
Survivability
Redundancy
Communications
Flexibility and Open Architecture
Security
Research Focus: Principles and Relevance to the Project
Building Technology
Use of Steel Folding Truss
Space Frame
Modular Building Components
Foldable, Movable and Detachable Walls and Furniture's
Space Saving Furniture's
Ease of connection
Adoption of Recycled Rubber Base Isolation
Research Focus: Principles and Relevance to the Project
Maximization of Use Passive and Renewable Sources
Water Harvesting
Water Treatment
Water Reuse
Passive Lighting and Ventilation Techniques
Solar and Wind Power Harvesting
Research Focus: Principles and Relevance to the Project
Family and Recreations
Accessibility Law
Family Centered Spaces
Recreational Facilities
Spiritual Rehabilitation
Color psychology and Relaxing Details
Research Focus: Principles and Relevance to the Project
Transformable Shelter
Applicability to accommodate more in less footprint
Expandability of the Shelter for permanent use
Adoptability to Permanent Shelter Design
Readily adopted to natural calamities present in the Philippine environment.
Research Focus: Application to the Project
Providing shelter assistance to evacuating families should be as humane as possible, even staying for evacuation in a short span of time can have negative impact to evacuees; that is why people may choose to stay in their homes in times of peril.
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS: Site Selection Process
Criteria for Site Selection Communities with need of a more decent sheltering The site must be away from calamity prone area or has less impact to
calamity Must be accessible to and from other supporting facilities; like markets and
the like Adequate space Accessible to the high risk communities Can provide the adequate use of passive ventilation and lighting Open space area or Parks or Parking areas Can be a
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS: Site Selection Process
Criteria for Site Option Description Quezon City
The largest city in the philippines
2,960,627 as of 2010 with a growth rate of 2.92% annually
Potential Hazards 20 Barangays in flood prone
areas
Lays along the Marikina Valley Fault System
Low to Medium risk of Land Slides
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS: Site Selection Process
Criteria for Site Option Description City of Manila
Population 1,660,714 and a growth rate of .44% annually
Potential Hazards Flood Prone City Liquefaction Risk Storm Surge Prone Tsunami Prone High Density of
Poverty Stricken Communities
Fire Prone
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS: Site Selection Process
Criteria for Site Option Description Albay
Located in the South Eastern portion of Luzon
Population of 1,233,432 as of 2010
Potential Hazards Volcanic Eruption
Earthquake
Parts where moderate to high susceptibility of flooding
Liquefaction
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS: Site Selection Process
Criteria for Site Selection and Justification
Manila
High Density Population of Underprivileged Families.
Multiple Hazard Threats
High Density of Vulnerable Individuals
Suffers from annual Natural Calamity occurrence
4th on the list of ten most at risk globally from natural hazards
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS: Site Evaluation and Analysis
The Macro Setting District 1 and District 5 ; City of Manila
High Density Population, 984,943 as of 2010
Multiple Hazard Threats
High Density of Vulnerable Individuals, especially along Manila Bay and Pasig River
Suffers from annual Natural Calamity occurrence
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS: Site Evaluation and Analysis
The Macro Setting District 1 and District 5 ; City of Manila
Evacuation Centers 23 ( Including Del Pan and Baseco Evacuation
Centers)
Emergency Response Police Station 11 ( for the whole city ); 4 ( in the
vicinity of the Districts)
Fire Stations 14 ( for the whole city ); 4 ( in the vicinity of the Districts)
Hospitals 40 ( for the whole city ); 19 ( in the vicinity of the districts)
Disaster Risk-Reduction Center 2 ( for the whole city and the vicinity )
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS: Site Selection Process
Micro Setting Quirino Grandstand, City of Manila
Accessible to slum residents of Tondo, Baseco Compund, San Miguel and San Nicolas
Near and Easily accessible to emergency services such as hospitals, police station and fire stations
Open Space with minimum vertical structures
Elevated area
Can accommodate large number of evacuees
For temporary evacuation only
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS: Site Evaluation and Analysis
The Micro Setting Sun Path and Wind Analysis
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS: Site Evaluation and Analysis
The Micro Setting Major and Minor Road Circulation
Noise Analysis
Pedestrian Site Access
Vehicular Access
Drop Off
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS: Site Evaluation and Analysis
The Micro Setting Hazzard maps
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS: Site Evaluation and Analysis
Related Laws and Ordinances R.A. 10121 The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act (The
Philippine Disaster Act of 2010):
R.A. 9729 The Climate Change Act of 2009
R.A. 10174: The Peoples Survival Fund Act
Metro Manila Earthquake Contingency Plan 2011
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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Design Program
Design Criteria Design Objectives
Easily assemble and disassemble
Adopted to the natural calamities present in the Philippines Reusable
Ensures the necessary facilities and use for the evacuees and volunteers
Flexible in space use, structure usage and adaptation to its environment Modular
Ease use of logistics
Maximizes the use of Renewable Sources Recreational Friendly
User Friendly
Can be integrated in Core Sheltering projects Safe, Secure and Survivable
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Design Program
Design Criteria Philosophy
Architecture has a responsibility to its masters and from whence it came from.
Principles The Design must be:
Adoptable, Reusable, User Friendly and Sustainable.
Protection of Life, Security and Physical, Mental and Moral Integrity
Protection of Right Related to Basic Necessities of Life
Protection of Other Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Protection of Other Civil and Political Rights Protection of Specific Groups of Persons
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Concept Development
Design Concept Siphonophorae (sahy-fuh-nuh-fohr)
An animal that appears to be a single organism, but is actually a colony of functionally specialized individual organisms present in order for the whole colony to survive.
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Design Program
Design Considerations Laws and Standards
R.A. 9514 Fire Code of the Philippines
BP 344 Accessibility Law
P.D. 1096 National Building Code of the Philippines
P.D. 856 Sanitary Code of the Philippines
DSWD Administrative Order No. 171, Series of 2001
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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Design Program
Behavioral Analysis
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Design Program
Behavioral Analysis
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Major User Minor User
General Evacuee Administrative Volunteer
Children (Evacuee) Culture Volunteer
Adolescents (Evacuee) Health Volunteer
Adult Male (Evacuee) Nutritional Volunteer
Adult Female (Evacuee) Technical Volunteer
Elderly (Evacuee) Visitor
User Job Description Activities Possible Needs
General Evacuee Refuge / Minor
Volunteer Work
General Assistance,
Training, Recovery
Assistance, Minor Facility
Maintenance
Psychological
Rehabilitation and
Support, Rehabilitation
Activities, Medical and
Health Support, Food
Support
Children (Evacuee) Refuge Play, School Work Psychological
Rehabilitation and
Support, Rehabilitation
Activities, Medical and
Health Support, Food
Support
Adolescents (Evacuee) Refuge / Minor
Volunteer Work
Play, School Work, Minor
Reconstruction
Assistance, Minor Kitchen
Assistance, Minor Facility
Maintenance
Psychological
Rehabilitation and
Support, Rehabilitation
Activities, Medical and
Health Support, Food
Support
User Job Description Activities Possible Needs
Adult Male
(Evacuee)
Refuge / Minor
Volunteer Work
Security Assistance,
Individual Family
Management,
Reconstruction /
Recovery
Assistance, Security
Assistance,
Livelihood Training,
Psychological
Rehabilitation and
Support,
Rehabilitation
Activities, Medical
and Health
Support, Food
Support
Adult Female
(Evacuee)
Refuge / Minor
Volunteer Work
Kitchen Assistance,
Individual Family
Management,
Livelihood Training,
Recovery
Assistance, Minor
Facility
Maintenance
Psychological
Rehabilitation and
Support,
Rehabilitation
Activities, Medical
and Health
Support, Food
Support
Elderly (Evacuee) Refuge / Minor
Volunteer Work
Kitchen Assistance,
Individual Family
Management,
Reconstruction
Assistance, Security
Assistance, Minor
Evacuation
Management
Psychological
Rehabilitation and
Support,
Rehabilitation
Activities, Medical
and Health
Support, Food
Support
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Design Program
User Analysis
User Job Description Activities Possible Needs
Administrative Volunteer Security, Management,
Operations
General Camp
Management, Camp Safety
and Order Management
Camp Management and
Organization Tools,
Emergency Assistance
Group
Culture Volunteer Reception, Rehabilitation,
Press-Relation
Psychological Evaluation,
Rehabilitation Facilitation,
Camp and External
Relations
Large Group Spaces, Camp
Management Support
Health Volunteer Medical Assistance,
Sanitation Maintenance,
Waste Management
Medical Support, Health
Maintenance, Waste
Management and Disposal
Medical Facilities and First
Aid Support, Sanitary
Management Tools, Waste
Organization Tools,
Emergency Assistance
Group
Nutritional Volunteer Food Preparation, Serving
of Foods and Relief Goods
Food Preparation, Serving
of Foods and Relief Goods,
Nutritional Management
Food Preparation Facilities,
Food Storage Facilities,
Relief and Food Distribution
Areas
Technical Volunteer Communication, Monitoring,
Technical Maintenance
Technical Maintenance,
Communications, Monitoring
of Calamity
Technical Facility,
Maintenance Area
Visitor Visit Visit to Evacuees Sitting, Sanitation Access
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Design Program
Organizational Structure
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Design Program
Functional Zoning
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Design Program
Programming Matrix / Diagrams Interrelationship Adjacency Circulatory
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Concept Development
Architectural Concept Space Evolution and Form Evolution
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Concept Development
Architectural Concept Structural Concept
Steel Folding Truss
Above Ground Foundation
Seismic Base Isolation from Recycled Tire Pads
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Concept Development
Architectural Concept Electrical Concept
Solar Power Generation
Combined Piezoelectric Pads and Micro-Wind Turbine
Lighting Concept Solar Bottle Light
Wireless Electricity
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Concept Development
Architectural Concept Sanitation Concept
Grey Water Recycling
Grey Water Treatment and Re-use
Storm Water Harvesting and Distribution
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION: Synthesis
2 Plan Schemes