AGRICULTURAL ISSUE #1, January 2017 Harper County Extension Office Address PO Box 180 Buffalo, OK 73834 Phone 580-735-2252 Email [email protected][email protected]Website hp://www.oces.okstate.edu/harper Social Media Facebook: /Harper Osu Extension In this issue GARDEN TIPS FOR October Tree Pruning (Cont.) 2 Prepare before you Pull 3 HCJLA Informaon 5 Tree Pruning Tree Pruning Proper pruning is important in maintaining the health of your tree. Trees have amazing natural defenses that enable them to heal--- if they are pruned correctly. Cut- ting the tree improperly creates large wounds that leave the tree open to disease and decay. This is a quick introduction to proper prun- ing. It will show you how to make the right cut and gives some basic guidelines for making the decision to prune. Branch Anatomy Tree branches grow outward from the main trunk of the tree (as op- posed to a fork in the stem). When a tree branches, it forms a branch collar and a branch bark ridge. These two features are very important when it comes time to prune. The branch collar is a distinctive bulge at the base of the branch, where it connects to the trunk. It is actually interlocking layers of cells of the branch and the trunk, and is the part that will heal the wound left by pruning. The branch collar seals off the wound, minimizing disease and decay. Proper pruning leaves the branch collar intact. Branch collars vary widely from tree to tree, and from species to spe- cies. Some are large and very no- ticeable, while some are much hard- er to distinguish. The branch bark ridge is slightly raised bark between the branch and the trunk that extends in a line to each side of the trunk. When the branch collar is difficult to identify, the branch bark ridge can help us decide where to make our pruning cut. When you are pruning, never cut behind the branch bark ridge. Before you begin pruning, look around at several trees to learn to identify these two important parts of the branch. How to Make the Proper Cut The branch collar should always be left intact. Your pruning cut should begin at the top of the branch collar and end at the bottom. If the branch is large enough to require a pruning saw, it is important to first shorten the branch to about a 6-8" stub, be- fore making the pruning cut to pre- vent the weight of the branch from tearing through the branch collar. Meengs 4 HCJLA Schedule 6
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Make your first cut about 6 inches out from the trunk on the underside of the branch, about a third of the way
through. Next, cut through the branch just outside your first cut, leaving about a six inch stub on the
tree. Now, you can safely make your pruning cut, leaving the branch collar on the trunk.
If the branch collar on your tree is flat and close to the trunk, so that it is hard to distinguish, use this method
for determining where to make your pruning cut.
Draw an imaginary line from the top of the branch collar to the place where the branch attaches to the
trunk. Then, observe the angle that the branch bark ridge makes with the imaginary line. Mirror the angle
across the imaginary line, and make your pruning cut at this angle. This will keep the branch collar intact.
Pruning: When and Where and Why
The best time to prune your tree is in late winter but before the buds begin to swell. Pruning can also be done
in
the summer well after the tree has leafed out. Avoid pruning just after the tree has leafed out because it has
just used up a lot of energy and won't be able to tackle the job of healing as well. Dying or dead branches in
the tree can and should be removed at any time.
Pitfalls to Avoid:
Do not prune your tree by cutting off a branch flush with the trunk. Although once commonly advised, this
type of cut removes the branch collar leaving a larger, oval wound. Remember, the branch collar is the tree’s
number one defense and so should always be left intact.
After pruning, it is not necessary to use a wound dressing. Wound dressings have not been shown to improve
the recovery of the tree, and in some cases do actual damage to the tree.
References:
Tree Pruning: A Worldwide Photo Guide. Shigo, Alex L. c. 1989. Shigo and Trees Assoc. Durham.
Copyright 2002 Sunshine Nursery
Clinton,OK
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Agricultural Newsletter
- Ipsum
Oklahoma State University, in compliance with Title VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Executive Order 11246 as amended, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Higher Educa-
tion Act), the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and other federal and state laws and regulations, does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, genetic information, sex, age,
sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, disability, or status as a veteran, in any of its policies, practices or procedures. This provision includes, but is not limited to admissions, employment,
financial aid, and educational services. The Director of Equal Opportunity, 408 Whitehurst, OSU, Stillwater, OK 74078-1035; Phone 405-744-5371; email: [email protected] has been designated to
handle inquiries regarding non-discrimination policies: Director of Equal Opportunity. Any person (student, faculty, or staff) who believes that discriminatory practices have been engaged in based on
gender may discuss his or her concerns and file informal or formal complaints of possible violations of Title IX with OSU’s Title IX Coordinator 405-744-9154. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative
Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director of Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwa-
ter, Oklahoma. This publication is printed and issued by Oklahoma State University as authorized by the Vice President, Dean, and Director of the Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural
Resources and has been prepared and distributed at a cost of 000 cents per copy.
Prepare before you pull (that difficult birth) Glenn Selk, Oklahoma State University Emeritus Extension Animal Scientist
Before applying the obstetrical chains to "pull" a calf during a difficult birth, a proper analysis of the situa-
tion must be made. Wash the vulva, anus and the area in between using soap and warm water. Pulling on a
calf should only be done when the presentation and posture of the calf are normal. Normal is defined as the
"anterior presentation" with fore feet first, head resting on the limbs, and the eyes level with the knees. A
backwards calf can be delivered only when both back limbs are presented. Before chains are applied, be
certain that the cervix is completely dilated.
To properly use obstetrical chains when assisting with a difficult birth, follow the this procedure. To attach
the chain, loop it around the thin part of the leg above the fetlock. Then, make a half hitch and tighten it
below the joint and above the foot. Make certain that the chain is positioned in such a manner that is goes
over the top of the toes. In this way the pressure is applied so as to pull the sharp points of the calves
hooves away from the soft tissue of the vaginal wall. (The toes of the backwards calf will be upside-down
compared to the forward presentation).
Obtain a copy of "Calving Time Management of Beef Cows and Heifers" E-1006, an OSU Extension Circu-
lar that thoroughly discusses working with cows and heifers before and during calving season. It can be
Oklahoma State University, in compliance with Title VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Executive Order 11246 as amended, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Higher Educa-
tion Act), the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and other federal and state laws and regulations, does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, genetic information, sex, age,
sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, disability, or status as a veteran, in any of its policies, practices or procedures. This provision includes, but is not limited to admissions, employment,
financial aid, and educational services. The Director of Equal Opportunity, 408 Whitehurst, OSU, Stillwater, OK 74078-1035; Phone 405-744-5371; email: [email protected] has been designated to
handle inquiries regarding non-discrimination policies: Director of Equal Opportunity. Any person (student, faculty, or staff) who believes that discriminatory practices have been engaged in based on
gender may discuss his or her concerns and file informal or formal complaints of possible violations of Title IX with OSU’s Title IX Coordinator 405-744-9154. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative
Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director of Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwa-
ter, Oklahoma. This publication is printed and issued by Oklahoma State University as authorized by the Vice President, Dean, and Director of the Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural
Resources and has been prepared and distributed at a cost of 000 cents per copy.
Gate Winter
Wheat Meeting When: Thursday, February 9th
12pm Lunch, (meeting to follow)
Where: Mid-West Crop Protection Bldg.
Gate, Oklahoma
Speakers:
Trent Milacek
NW Area Ag Economist
Economics of Alternative Crops
Darrell McBee
Harper County Ag Educator
Area Wheat Update
Dr. Tracey Beedy
Panhandle Area Agronomist
Sugarcane Aphid Update &
Sorghum Issues
Angus Cattle Sale:
OK&T Angus Breeders 76th Annual Sale
Wednesday, February 15, 2017 at 1:00 pm.
Harper County Fairgrounds, Buffalo, Oklahoma
Noon meal provided.
63 Bulls.
Females: 39 Open, 12 Bred, 7 Pairs.
For information and sale catalog, contact Dennie Jenkins at 580-938-1094.
The Harper County Jr. Livestock Association would like to invite you to the Harper Co. Jr. Live-stock Show Premium Supper and Premium Sale on Monday, February 13th, 2017. A meal will be served for the Premium Buyers and Exhibitors, beginning at 5:30 pm with the Trophy Presentation and Premium Sale following. This will be held at the Laverne Ag Barn in Laverne, Oklahoma.
With supporters like yourself, you have made a positive difference in the lives of 4-H and FFA students. On behalf of the Harper County Jr. Livestock Association and Harper County stu-dents, we would like to thank you for your past and present interest and support.
In order to streamline our efforts, the Laverne Livestock Association, Buffalo Livestock Associa-tion and Harper County Jr. Livestock Association are working together. Donations will now be made payable to Harper County Jr. Livestock Association (HCJLA). Should you choose to do so, you will still have the ability to earmark where you would like your donation to go. If you are unable to attend, but would like to contribute to the HCJLA, please complete and return the attached form.
We appreciate your continued support for the Harper County youth!
HARPER COUNTY JR LIVESTOCK SHOW
Buyer Card
Buyer Name : _______________________________________$_____________
BUFFALO FFA $________ LAVERNE FFA $-------________ FT. SUPPLY FFA $________
Please make checks payable to: Harper County Jr. Livestock Association (HCJLA) PO Box 180 Buffalo, OK 73834 *** General donations will be divided between Buffalo/Laverne/Fort Supply 4-H & FFA Groups. The dona-tions will be split according to percentage for each school. I.E. Buffalo has 23 Exhibitors & Laverne has 40 Ex-hibitors & Fort Supply has 3 Exhibitors. Buffalo will get 35% of the general donations, Laverne will get 60% and Fort Supply will get 5%.
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Harper County Extension Office PO Box 180 Buffalo, OK 73834
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2017 HARPER COUNTY JUNIOR LIVESTOCK ASSOCIATION SHOW & PREMIUM SALE