AGRICULTURE INTELLIGENTE FACE AU CLIMAT A MADAGASCAR CLIMAT A MADAGASCAR [CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE (CSA)] Dr RAKOTONDRASOA Lovanirina Olivia RATOVO Olitina 2014 FANRPAN HIGH LEVEL FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY POLICY DIALOGUE FOR AFRICA IBIS HOTEL, ANTANANARIVO, MADAGASCAR. 29 SEPTEMBER- 2 OCTOBRER2014
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AGRICULTURE INTELLIGENTE FACE AU CLIMAT A MADAGASCARCLIMAT A MADAGASCAR
[CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE (CSA)]
Dr RAKOTONDRASOA Lovanirina OliviaRATOVO Olitina
2014 FANRPAN HIGH LEVEL FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY POLICY DIALOGUE FOR AFRICA
• Insufficient of Agricole production f d i itfood insecurity
• Climate change
CONCEPT CSA
CSA: « Approach to developing the technical, policy andinvestment conditions to achieve sustainable agriculturaldevelopment for food security under climate change.»(FAO, 2013)
CSA ChallengesCSA Challenges
• Suitable agricultural productionSuitable agricultural production technologies and practice adapted to climate changeclimate change
• Appropriate policy and institutions• Financial means to mainstream climate
changechange • Integrated landscape approach
OBJECTIFSOBJECTIFS
• Conduct comprehensive reviews of the existing CSA policy context in Madagascar;existing CSA policy context in Madagascar;
l h l• Analyze gaps in the existing policyframeworks;
• Identify relevant policy recommendations;
Guidelines?Guidelines?
Wh h CSA l d li i i h• What are the current CSA related policies in the country?
• What are current on going CSA development and• What are current on-going CSA development and research programme initiatives in the study country?
• What are the national CSA institutional arrangementsWhat are the national CSA institutional arrangements, and how are different stakeholders involved?
• How is the performance of current CSA policies, andHow is the performance of current CSA policies, and what are their major gaps?
• What is needed to ensure that CSA policies are pimproved in terms of relevance, equity and effectiveness?
MADAGASCARMADAGASCAR
• Food security: 92% of the hosehold earn less than 2 $(US) ( )/jour (World bank, 2013)Malnutrition:28% in 2004–2006 , 33% betweenMalnutrition:28% in 2004 2006 , 33% between 2010–2012 (FAO ,2013) ,especially in rural areaq• Developpement:• Developpement:78 % of the economically active population is engaged in agriculture (World Bank 2011) 52 %engaged in agriculture (World Bank, 2011), 52 % plant les than 1 ha (WFP & UNICEF 2011)
26 % G l f26 % GNI (gross national income) come fromagriculture
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD): To conserve carbon sink, (REDD++) socio economicaldeveloppement
• OMD: Millenium Developpement Goal: To reduce poverty
REGIONAL ACCORD COMESA (Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)/ SADC
(S h Af D l C )(Southern African Development Community)promoting strategic interventions that sustain productivity
and livelihood improvements for millions of climate-and livelihood improvements for millions of climatevulnerable people in East Africa (ASARECA)
IOC (Idian Ocean Commission)ACCLIMATE Programme : help to finalize adaptation
strategy
NATIONAL POLICIESNATIONAL POLICIES
ENVIRONMENT &FORESTERYENVIRONMENT &FORESTERY
- Environment Charter Malagasy forest policy Updated in 2010
National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP)National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP)
Protected areas
Management transfer to local communities (GELOSE GCF)(GELOSE, GCF)
Policy of sustainable development of coastal and marine
ENVIRONMENT and FORESTERYENVIRONMENT and FORESTERY
National Policy on Climate Change (PNLCC):y g ( )2010Objectifs:Objectifs:
- Reach MOG goal: reduce poverty rateUNFCC li ti t ti l l l- UNFCC realisation at a national level:strategy to conder climate change per sectors
AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE
Poverty Reduction Strategy Document in2003 (DSRP): to reduce½ of poverty rate in in2010
Madagascar naturellement (2004) : givesdeveloppement vision for the country andeach 22 regionseach 22 regions
M d A ti Pl (MAP) f th i dMadagascar Action Plan (MAP) for the period2007-2012 (MAP): new strategy to reducepoverdy and to promte sustainablepoverdy and to promte sustainabledeveloppement
Strategy and program to promote developpement
• Action Plan for Rural Development (PADR) (2001),
• National Seed Strategy (NSS), National Strategy for rice Development (NSRD)
• Note of Political Orientation Policy paper in support of the Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries Sector Programme (NOP PSAEP) (2013)
• Policy letter on BV-PI (Watershed-Irrigated area)
• Green revolution strategy• CAADP new program for the agricultural developpement in MadagascarCAADP new program for the agricultural developpement in Madagascar
(2014)
LIVESTOCKLIVESTOCK
Policy letter of livestocks developpement in 2003
Z b lZebu policy
Apiculture strategy
Fishery
Policy of fishery in Madagascar (1990)Fisheryy y ( ) y
action planSectors Program (1999)
GENDERGENDER
N ti l P li f W P tiNational Policy of Women Promotion (PNPF);2000:to reduce the disparities between men and women and between rural and urban dwellersand women, and between rural and urban dwellers in order to establish balanced development, particularly between women and men. p y
National Action Plan for Gender andNational Action Plan for Gender and Development (PANAGED): Madagascar engagement to integrate a gender dimension in all h d l d lthe development interventions and implement
specific policies.
FOODFOOD
PANSA (2001):National action plan for alimentation : to promote food security;p y
WHAT ARE CURRENT ON-GOING CSA DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH PROGRAM INITIATIVES IN MADAGASCAR?
• Agriculture: Agroecology
Conservation agriculture (CA)
(2000)
GSDM (Groupement Semis Direct de Madagascar): 15 members noeud(2001)
• crop rotations and associations toAgriculture Task Force):
Coordination CSA, (2009)associations to
System of Rice cultivation
GSRI (267members in the 22 regions of Madagasca (2008)
create soil, water and nutrient conditions thatcultivation
Intensification (1998)
regions of Madagasca,(2008) nutrient conditions that accelerate the growth of rice seedling.
Others techniques:Adaptation of agricultural calendar according to the rainfall period
i h l d d h i d i i d ( i )Promoting short-cycle and drought or inundation-resistant seeds (rice)Promoting short-cycle and drought-resistant seeds (sorghum, maize)Diversification of cultures (cowpea, groundnut, bean, yam…)…
• Forestery &environnement
REDD Acces to Carbon marketDeveloppement
CI, WCS, WWF
Management transfert 400 MEF and partenairesg p
New protected areas terrestrial et marine AP managed by MNP and NAP(MRPA: Managed ProtectedAreas)Areas)
Renewable energy hydro power, biofuel, solar CIRAD , WWF , Fondation TanyMevaMeva .
• Li estock• Livestock
Research improve farmingtechniques to climatechange
FOFIFA, FIFAMANOR
change
ARChE_Net project define regional strategiesto manage the ruminantproduction systems’
Reunion Regional Council,UE, MEF
production systemsadaptation to agro-ecological and socio-economic changeseconomic changes
• Fishery and aquaculture• Fishery and aquacultureProject to support fishingcommunities in the south of
d ( )
• Establishment of marinereserves,i f i f i
( Region Atsimo Andrefanaentre Soalara et Morombe)
Madagascar (PACP) • improvement of informationon traditional fishing,
• exploitation of new areasfishing and development offishing and development ofaquaculture activities arepart of these initiatives
Monotoring center by the • produce oceanographic maps African Environmentalg yAfrican EnvironmentalMonitoring for SustainableDevelopment (AMESD)&Mauritius Oceanography
p g p pfor the detection of potentialfishing zones,
• monitor the physicaloceanographic variables
Monitoring for SustainableDevelopment (AMESD).
Mauritius OceanographyInstitute (MOI)& MPRH
oceanographic variables…
Implementation of adevelopment and
• Help traditional exploitationto respect the environment
District Mitsinjo , Soalala(Region Boeny )development and
management plan of naturalresources used in traditionalfisheries sectors
to respect the environment (Region Boeny )
• Gender• Gender
Gender Network in Madagascar FFE (Friedrich Erbert Foundation), CARE,FORMGED (Training gender anddevelopment), USAID, ONE (Environmentnational Office, SAHA (Sahan’Asa syF d ) MINPOP (Mi i fFampandrosoana), MINPOP (Ministry ofPopulation), …
Gender mainstreaming in theorganizations at local, regional andnational levels
Tany Meva, WWF, CI…..
• FOODWarning System Système d’Alerte Précoce (SAP)
Strengthening and Accessing Livelihood Strengthening and Accessing Opportunities for Household Impacts Livelihood Opportunities for
Household Impacts (SALOHI) (USAID)
Collect data about food security Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/World
Food Programme (FAO/WFP)
Collect data about rice Rural Observatory Network (ROR)y ( )
remote monitoring system for early warning in Madagascar FEW NETSwarning in Madagascar FEW NETS
Food education National Community Nutrition Program (PNNC)
WHAT ARE THE NATIONAL CSA INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, AND HOW ARE DIFFERENT STAKEHOLDERS
?INVOLVED?
(Source: WGCC, 2011)
Adaptation to the Effects of Climate ff fChange (SAECC);
bDatabase Management and Climate Modeling
(SGBDCC)DCC
Attenuation of Climate Change
(SACC)(SGBDCC) (SACC)
Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Fisheries and the Ministry of livestock, InternationalMinistry of Agriculture, Ministry of Fisheries and the Ministry of livestock, International and National NGO, And the platform of discussion about climate change GTCC
Civil society: Alliance Voahary Gasy- Research institutions: FOFIFA, FIFAMANOR, GSRI, GSDM, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences , , , , p
Agronomiques/ Département Forêts, Association Vahatra ; etc.-International intitutions: FAO, WWF, Conservation International, Wildelife Conservation
Society (WCS);Fondation Tany Meva
HOW IS THE PERFORMANCE OF CURRENT CSA POLICIES, WHAT ARE THEIR MAJOR GAPS?,
CSA challenges PERFORMENCES GAPS
POLITIQUE PNLCC (2010) • ApplicationPOLITIQUE PNLCC (2010)CAADP (2014)Other Sectors policies
PRATIQUE SRI Conservation agriculture short • scaling upPRATIQUE SRI, Conservation agriculture, shortcycle livestock…
• scaling up
f h d b dFINANCEMENT Promotion of new techniques • Dependance in abroadfinancement
LANSCAP Presence of many developpement • Coordination of allAPPROCHE institutions institutions to reach the same
objectif in one landscap• Lanscap approach not yet
adopted by all
Policy RECOMMENDATIONSPolicy RECOMMENDATIONS
• Translate into concrete action plans al policies
• Developpe an adaptation strategy and specificDeveloppe an adaptation strategy and specific mitigation for every sector;
P h b i d il j• Promote the best practice and pilot projects;
• Capacity Building of the human-key resources p y g yabouthe climate change;
N i tit ti l t• New institutional arrangement
CSA recommendationsCSA recommendations
• C id f i ht f th b i i f h• Consider farmers right from the beginning of research• Stronger capitalization of the results• Create an appropriate framework for the donors• Research should be made more in a simple form for some people to
understand, especially the farmers. • Support farmers from the beginningSupport farmers from the beginning• Farmers should carry on the CSA activities even after the donor
funded projects end. • Elaborate a strategy or an approach at local or regional levels• Elaborate a strategy or an approach at local or regional levels,
targeting gender aspect and CSA• Strengthen the capacity of current and future stakeholders through
training institutions as IHSM School of agronomytraining institutions as IHSM, School of agronomy …