Agriculture as a system. Types of industry There are four main types of industry and these can be classified as: 1.PRIMARY INDUSTRY – this is the extraction.

Agriculture as a system

Types of industryThere are four main types of industry and these can be classified as:

1. PRIMARY INDUSTRY – this is the extraction of raw materials and mining, fishing, crop collecting and quarrying all fall under this category.

2. SECONDARY INDUSTRY – This is the manufacturing of raw materials into a product e.g. Turning a potato into a crisp.

3. TERTIARY INDUSTRY – this type of industry provides a service e.g. Police force, ambulance crew, shop keeping.

4. QUATERNARY INDUSTRY – involves a small group of research and development industries. This is the newest and most rapidly growing industry due to the introduction of newer technologies.

Agriculture as a System

LEARNING OBJECTIVES1. TO KNOW THE INPUTS, PROCESSES AND OUTPUTS OF AGRICULTURE

Agriculture as a System

Inputs

Inputs

Inputs

Inputs

Inputs

Inputs

Processes

Processes

Processes

Processes

Outputs

Outputs

Outputs

Outputs

Outputs

World Agriculture

LEARNING OBJECTIVES1. TO LOCATE NAMED EXAMPLES OF WORLD AGRICULTURE2. TO EXPLAIN THE HUMAN AND PHYSICAL INFLUENCES ON THESE TYPES

OF AGRICULTURE

What are the factors that affect agriculture?

• HUMAN– LAND PRICES

– MARKET

– GOVERNMENT

– TRADITION

– DEMAND

• PHYSICAL– SOILS

– CLIMATE

– RELIEF

The different types of agriculture

Global Distribution

Types of Agriculture

LEARNING OBJECTIVES1. TO DEFINE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF AGRICULTURE2. TO EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT FACTORS AFFECTING THESE TYPES OF

AGRICULTURE

Pastoral Farming

• is farming related to livestock. The livestock usually graze on naturally-grown grass and other vegetation. Some pastoral farmers grow crops, but instead of selling the harvest, they feed it to livestock (cattle, pigs, sheep etc.) so that they stay healthy for optimum production of meat, wool, milk and eggs.

Arable Farming

• The growing of crops

Commercial Farming

• The production of crops for sale, crops intended for widespread distribution to wholesalers or retail outlets (e.g. supermarkets), and any non-food crops such as cotton and tobacco. Commercial agriculture includes livestock production and livestock grazing. Commercial agriculture does not include crops grown for household consumption (e.g. backyard garden or from a vegetable garden or a few fruit trees.)

Subsistence Farming

• is self-sufficient farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed their family. The typical subsistence farm has a range of crops and animals needed by the family to eat during the year. Planting decisions are made with an eye toward what the family will need during the coming year, rather than market prices.

Organic

• relies on crop rotation, green manure, compost, biological pest control, and mechanical cultivation to maintain soil productivity and control pests, excluding or strictly limiting the use of synthetic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides, plant growth regulators, livestock feed additives, and genetically modified organisms

Intensive Agriculture

• is an agricultural production system characterized by the high inputs of capital, labour, or heavy usage of technologies such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers relative to land area.

Extensive Agriculture

• is an agricultural production system that uses small inputs of labour, fertilizers, and capital, relative to the land area being farmed. It most commonly refers to sheep and cattle farming in areas with low agricultural productivity