1 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson Agricultural Pollution in Lake Winnipeg: Problems and Potential? OVERVIEW & OBJECTIVES GRADES Students will investigate the extent of agricultural pollution in Lake Winnipeg by examining maps and data. Students will then discuss the effects of agricultural pollution and possible solutions to determine if farmers are good stewards of the land. Students will be able to... • Identify water flow patterns • Determine pollution sources into Lake Winnipeg • Analyze and explain the extent of agricultural pollution into Lake Winnipeg • Describe possible solutions to determine if farmers are good stewards of the land 9 th TIME 1 class REQUIRED MATERIALS ü Lake Winnipeg Watershed Maps – 1 per student or project map for class ü Handouts: “Agricultural Pollution in Lake Winnipeg “; “Agricultural Pollution in Lake Winnipeg (ANSWERS)”; Resource Maps & Data (10 included) MINNESOTA SOCIAL STUDIES STANDARDS & BENCHMARKS Standard 1. People use geographic representations and geospatial technologies to acquire, process and report information within a spatial context. 9.3.1.1.2 Apply geographic information from a variety of print and electronic sources to interpret the past and present and plan for the future; provide rationale for using specific technologies for each application. Standard 3. Places have physical characteristics (such as climate, topography and vegetation) and human characteristics (such as culture, population, political and economic systems). 9.3.2.3.1 Make inferences and draw conclusions about the physical and human characteristics of places based on a comparison of maps and other geographic representations and geospatial technologies. Standard 9. The environment influences human actions; and humans both adapt to and change, the environment. 9.3.4.9.1 Analyze the interconnectedness of the environment and human activities (including the use of technology), and the impact of one upon the other. SUGGESTED PROCEDURE The teacher will hand out a Lake Winnipeg Watershed map to each student or allow all students access to information on the map. Students will be getting information from a variety of resources such as maps and graphs as well as charts explaining the pollution sources into Lake Winnipeg. The 10 resource handouts will also be provided, either printed or shown on the screen in front of the room. Discuss what is occurring in each of the resources. The teacher will provide the handout, “Agricultural Pollution in Lake Winnipeg”. When students have completed the handout, “Agricultural Pollution in Lake Winnipeg”, split the class into either Farmers or Environmentalists. Have students come up with reasons why and how to solve the problem of agricultural pollution using their individual viewpoints of either a farmer or an environmentalist. Basic arguments for each include: Farmers: • Increased fertilizers means increased yield, which means more money.
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1 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg:ProblemsandPotential?
OVERVIEW&OBJECTIVES GRADES
StudentswillinvestigatetheextentofagriculturalpollutioninLakeWinnipegbyexaminingmapsanddata.Studentswillthendiscusstheeffectsofagriculturalpollutionandpossiblesolutionstodetermineiffarmersaregoodstewardsoftheland.Studentswillbeableto...• Identifywaterflowpatterns• DeterminepollutionsourcesintoLakeWinnipeg• Analyzeandexplaintheextentofagricultural
pollutionintoLakeWinnipeg• Describepossiblesolutionstodetermineif
farmersaregoodstewardsoftheland
9th
TIME
1class
REQUIREDMATERIALS
ü LakeWinnipegWatershedMaps–1perstudentorprojectmapforclass
ü Handouts:“AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg“;“AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg(ANSWERS)”;ResourceMaps&Data(10included)
MINNESOTASOCIALSTUDIESSTANDARDS&BENCHMARKS
Standard1.Peopleusegeographicrepresentationsandgeospatialtechnologiestoacquire,processandreportinformationwithinaspatialcontext.9.3.1.1.2Applygeographicinformationfromavarietyofprintandelectronicsourcestointerpretthepastandpresentandplanforthefuture;providerationaleforusingspecifictechnologiesforeachapplication.Standard3.Placeshavephysicalcharacteristics(suchasclimate,topographyandvegetation)andhumancharacteristics(suchasculture,population,politicalandeconomicsystems).9.3.2.3.1Makeinferencesanddrawconclusionsaboutthephysicalandhumancharacteristicsofplacesbasedonacomparisonofmapsandothergeographicrepresentationsandgeospatialtechnologies.Standard9.Theenvironmentinfluenceshumanactions;andhumansbothadapttoandchange,theenvironment.9.3.4.9.1Analyzetheinterconnectednessoftheenvironmentandhumanactivities(includingtheuseoftechnology),andtheimpactofoneupontheother.
SUGGESTEDPROCEDURETheteacherwillhandoutaLakeWinnipegWatershedmaptoeachstudentorallowallstudentsaccesstoinformationonthemap.StudentswillbegettinginformationfromavarietyofresourcessuchasmapsandgraphsaswellaschartsexplainingthepollutionsourcesintoLakeWinnipeg.The10resourcehandoutswillalsobeprovided,eitherprintedorshownonthescreeninfrontoftheroom.Discusswhatisoccurringineachoftheresources.Theteacherwillprovidethehandout,“AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg”.Whenstudentshavecompletedthehandout,“AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg”,splittheclassintoeitherFarmersorEnvironmentalists.Havestudentscomeupwithreasonswhyandhowtosolvetheproblemofagriculturalpollutionusingtheirindividualviewpointsofeitherafarmeroranenvironmentalist.Basicargumentsforeachinclude:Farmers:
• Increasedfertilizersmeansincreasedyield,whichmeansmoremoney.
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• Decreasedfertilizerusemeanseconomicstrainforcesfarmerstolosemoney.Environmentalists:
• IncreasedfertilizersmeanmorepollutionforLakeWinnipegandlesswateruseforrecreation.• DecreasedfertilizerusagemeansahealthierecosystemaroundandinLakeWinnipeg.
Discussifthisneedstobeadichotomyorwhetherornotfarmerscanandaregoodstewardsoftheland.Assessment§ “AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg”handout§ ClassdiscussionWebsiteResources“Crops”atTheCanadianEncyclopediahttp://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/crops/“StateofLakeWinnipeg:1999to2007”atGovernmentofManitobahttps://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_low_resolution.pdf
• Resource#2:Manure• Resource#3:NumberofCattle• Resource#4:AgriculturalLand• Resource#5:FertilizedArea• Resource#6:LandCoverandPercentofCoverage• Resource#7:EcologicalRegions• Resource#8:MeanMonthlyDischargeintoLakeWinnipeg• Resource#9:TotalPhosphorusConcentrations• Resource#10:TotalNitrogenConcentrations
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AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg
1. Findthefollowingrivers:Identifywhichdirectioneachriverflows.Howcanyoutellwhichwaytheriverflows?
A. RedRiverB. WinnipegRiverC. SaskatchewanRiverD. DauphinRiver
- WheredoesLakeWinnipegdrain?
2. Whatlanguagesareprintedonthemap?Whyisthisthecase?
3. ExplainwhytheWinnipegRiverdepositsthemostamountofwaterintoLakeWinnipegeventhoughitisoneoftheshortestriversemptyingintothelake.
4. Usingtheresourcesinthisactivity.WhatisthedominanttypeofagricultureusedwithintheLakeWinnipegwatershed?
5. ExplainthephysicallandscapedifferencesbetweenlandeastofLakeWinnipegandlandtothewestofLakeWinnipeg.
6. LakeWinnipeghasbeendesignatedasoneofthemostpollutedlakesintheworld.Whatfactorsarecausingthisdesignation?
7. Whydofarmersusephosphorusandnitrogenfortheircrops?HowdoesthisaffecttheareasofLakeWinnipeg?
8. Whichareaofthemapisbringinginthemostphosphorusandnitrogenintothelake?Whyisthisthecase?Whichresourcewasnecessarytofindthisinformation?
9. TheLakeWinnipegwatershedisdividedbetweentwodifferentcountries.Howdoesthiscomplicatetheproblemofcleaningupthewatershedarea?
10. Howcantheriversbecleanedupyetnotharmagriculturalinterestsintheareadependentuponthefertilizersandcattlefortheirlivelihoods?
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AgriculturalPollutioninLakeWinnipeg(ANSWERS)
1. Findthefollowingrivers:Identifywhichdirectioneachriverflows.Howcanyoutellwhichwaytheriverflows?
E. RedRiver–FlowsnorthF. WinnipegRiver–FlowswestG. SaskatchewanRiver–FlowseastH. DauphinRiver–Flowseast
- WheredoesLakeWinnipegdrain?TothenorthintoHudsonBay
2. Whatlanguagesareprintedonthemap?Whyisthisthecase?FrenchandEnglish.Canadahastwoofficiallanguagesandallgovernmentdocumentsareprintedinbothlanguages.
3. ExplainwhytheWinnipegRiverdepositsthemostamountofwaterintoLakeWinnipegeven
thoughitisoneoftheshortestriversemptyingintothelake.MorewaterflowsfromtheWinnipegRiverbecausethelakesandprecipitationisgreatertotheeastofthelakethanitistothewestofthelake.
4. Usingtheresourcesinthisactivity.WhatisthedominanttypeofagricultureusedwithintheLake
Winnipegwatershed?Cattleranchingandwheatfarming
5. ExplainthephysicallandscapedifferencesbetweenlandeastofLakeWinnipegandlandtothewest
ofLakeWinnipeg.ThelandscapetotheeastofthelakeisdottedwithlakesandswampsandforestedareaswhereastheareatothewestofLakeWinnipegisprimarilyprairiewithloweramountsofprecipitation.
6. LakeWinnipeghasbeendesignatedasoneofthemostpollutedlakesintheworld.Whatfactorsarecausingthisdesignation?Theagriculturalrunofffromfertilizerusedtogrowwheatandthemanureandwasterunofffromcattlegoesintotherivers,whichisaffectingLakeWinnipegdownstreambecausetheriversemptyintothelake.
7. Whydofarmersusephosphorusandnitrogenfortheircrops?HowdoesthisaffecttheareasofLakeWinnipeg?Farmersusephosphorusandnitrogentoaidplantgrowthforcrops.Theuseoftheseproductsinfertilizermeansagreatercropyieldandmoremoneyforthefarmer.Theagriculturalrunofffromusingtheseproductsmeansapollutedlake.Increasednitrogenlevelsinthelakemeanmoreplantgrowth,especiallyalgae,limitingtheoxygenlevelsinthelake.
8. Whichareaofthemapisbringinginthemostphosphorusandnitrogenintothelake?Whyisthisthecase?Whichresourcewasnecessarytofindthisinformation?TheRedRiver,comparedtotheotherrivers,isbringinginthemostamountsofphosphorusandnitrogenintoLakeWinnipeg.Resources#9and#10showtheRedRiverbringinginlargeamountsofeachproductintothelake.
9. TheLakeWinnipegwatershedisdividedbetweentwodifferentcountries.Howdoesthis
complicatetheproblemofcleaningupthewatershedarea?
5 Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education - Swanson
Twoseparategovernments(CanadaandtheUnitedStates)mustagreeonaplan.Thisisinadditiontothelocalandregionalgovernmentsoftheareas(i.e.Manitoba,NorthDakota,etc.)
10. Howcantheriversbecleanedupyetnotharmagriculturalinterestsintheareadependentuponthecropsandcattlefortheirlivelihoods?Answerswillvarydependinguponviewpoints.
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Resource#1:Crops
Source:TheCanadianEncyclopedia:http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/crops/
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Resource#2:Manure
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
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Resource#3:NumberofCattle
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
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Resource#4:AgriculturalLand
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
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Resource#5:FertilizedArea
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
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Resource#6:LandCoverandPercentofCoverage
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
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Resource#7:EcologicalRegions
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
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Resource#8:MeanMonthlyDischargeintoLakeWinnipeg
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
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Resource#9:TotalPhosphorusConcentrations
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
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Resource#10:TotalNitrogenConcentrations
Source:StateofLakeWinnipegReport.ProvinceofManitoba.https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/water_quality/state_lk_winnipeg_report/pdf/state_of_lake_winnipeg_rpt_technical_high_resolution.pdf
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