AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN OF RICE PRODUCTION: A CHALLENGE FOR VIETNAM RICE PRODUCTION: A CHALLENGE FOR VIETNAM By Pham Van Tan, Vietnam Vietnam Southern Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Post- harvest Technology (SIAEP)
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AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN OF RICE PRODUCTION: A CHALLENGE FOR VIETNAM AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN OF.
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AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN OF RICE PRODUCTION: A CHALLENGE FOR VIETNAMOF RICE PRODUCTION: A CHALLENGE FOR VIETNAM
By Pham Van Tan, Vietnam
Vietnam Southern Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Post-harvest Technology (SIAEP)
CONTENTCONTENT
1. Background of rice production in Vietnam1. Background of rice production in Vietnam
2. History and current status of agricultural 2. History and current status of agricultural mechanisation in Vietnammechanisation in Vietnam
3. Rice mechanisation in Vietnam3. Rice mechanisation in Vietnam
4. Post-harvest losses of rice & consequences4. Post-harvest losses of rice & consequences
5. Challenges of rice mechanisation in Vietnam5. Challenges of rice mechanisation in Vietnam
6. Suggestions for development of rice mechanisation 6. Suggestions for development of rice mechanisation in Vietnamin Vietnam
7. National policies on agri. mechanisation7. National policies on agri. mechanisation
development toward 2020development toward 2020
PART I PART I
BACKGROUND OF RICE BACKGROUND OF RICE PRODUCTION IN VIETNAMPRODUCTION IN VIETNAM
VIETNAM BACKGROUNDVIETNAM BACKGROUND
- Total population: 87,375,000 people (2010)Total population: 87,375,000 people (2010)- Total land area (hectare): 33 millionTotal land area (hectare): 33 million- Land area for rice production (hectare): 3.9 mil.Land area for rice production (hectare): 3.9 mil.- Area of rice production (hectare/year): 7.44 milArea of rice production (hectare/year): 7.44 mil- Export of agri. products in 2010 (bil.US$): 19.15 Export of agri. products in 2010 (bil.US$): 19.15
* Role of rice production- Staple food for Vietnamese Staple food for Vietnamese - Jobs for 63% of the total labor forceJobs for 63% of the total labor force- National food securityNational food security- Base for industrial developmentBase for industrial development
PART IIPART II
HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANISATION AGRICULTURAL MECHANISATION
IN VIETNAMIN VIETNAM
* Started since 1950s.+ + Developed slowly in the subsidized stages of 1970s and 1980sDeveloped slowly in the subsidized stages of 1970s and 1980s+ Mechanisation in soil preparation: 27.3% (1980) and only 21.1% (1990) + Mechanisation in soil preparation: 27.3% (1980) and only 21.1% (1990)
because of closing all district tractor stations in VN.because of closing all district tractor stations in VN.
* Developed rapidly since 1998 after “Doi moi” policy.+ Farmers invested in farm machinery themselves.+ Farmers invested in farm machinery themselves.+ + In 1999,In 1999, mechanisation in soil preparation and rice threshing:54% and 60%, mechanisation in soil preparation and rice threshing:54% and 60%, Reached an aver. of 0.5 HP/ hectare: Reached an aver. of 0.5 HP/ hectare:
- Central High land area: 1.5 HP/hectare- Central High land area: 1.5 HP/hectare- Northern highland & mountain areas: 0.16 HP/hectare, - Northern highland & mountain areas: 0.16 HP/hectare, - Red River Delta: 0.34 HP/hectare, and - Red River Delta: 0.34 HP/hectare, and - MRD: 0.59 HP/hectare.- MRD: 0.59 HP/hectare.
+ + In 2,000,In 2,000, Vietnam had 146,000 farming tractors (mostly 2-wheel tractors of Vietnam had 146,000 farming tractors (mostly 2-wheel tractors of 6-12 HP & 4-wheel tractors of 20-60 HP with some 4-wheel tractors of 100 6-12 HP & 4-wheel tractors of 20-60 HP with some 4-wheel tractors of 100 HP from Belarus), 1 millions of farm machinery, 1 millions water pumps, HP from Belarus), 1 millions of farm machinery, 1 millions water pumps, 300,000 rice trippers/threshers, 3,000 rice dryers (mostly flatbed dryer of 4-300,000 rice trippers/threshers, 3,000 rice dryers (mostly flatbed dryer of 4-6 tons/batch), 200,000 rice millers, 111,000 transporting vehicle, 700,000 6 tons/batch), 200,000 rice millers, 111,000 transporting vehicle, 700,000 diesel engines and electrical motors for farming.diesel engines and electrical motors for farming.
HISTORY OF HISTORY OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANISATION AGRICULTURAL MECHANISATION
* * In 2007In 2007, Vietnam had:, Vietnam had:+ + 400,000 tractors used in agriculture (98.4%), forestry and fishery.400,000 tractors used in agriculture (98.4%), forestry and fishery.+ Total power of tractors: 4.5 mil. HP, increased 2.7 times compared with + Total power of tractors: 4.5 mil. HP, increased 2.7 times compared with
2001:2001:- Two-wheel tractors below 12 HP: 67 % - Two-wheel tractors below 12 HP: 67 % - Tractors of 13 to 35 HP: 27%- Tractors of 13 to 35 HP: 27%- Tractors of more than 35 HP: 6%- Tractors of more than 35 HP: 6%
HISTORY OF HISTORY OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANISATION AGRICULTURAL MECHANISATION
PART IIIPART III
RICE MECHANISATION RICE MECHANISATION IN VIETNAMIN VIETNAM
(Source: MARD, 2009)(Source: MARD, 2009)
+ + Reached 1.16 HP/hectare in rice productionReached 1.16 HP/hectare in rice production::- Northern mountain areas: 0.39 HP/hectare (the lowest)- Northern mountain areas: 0.39 HP/hectare (the lowest)- Red River Delta: 0.85 HP/hectare, and - Red River Delta: 0.85 HP/hectare, and - Mekong River Delta: 1.85 HP/hectare- Mekong River Delta: 1.85 HP/hectare
MIXED RATES OF ACHIEVEMENTS OF ECONOMIC MIXED RATES OF ACHIEVEMENTS OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL OBJECTIVES RELATED TO MRD RICEAND SOCIAL OBJECTIVES RELATED TO MRD RICE
(Source: World Bank, June 2011)
ADVANTANGES AND CONSTRAINTS IN RICE ADVANTANGES AND CONSTRAINTS IN RICE MECHANISATION OF THE MEKONG DELTAMECHANISATION OF THE MEKONG DELTA
* Advantages* Advantages- Rural labours become rarer and more expensive; Rural labours become rarer and more expensive; - Some farmers become richer and can afford to buy farm machinery;Some farmers become richer and can afford to buy farm machinery;- More and more machinery servicing groups established.More and more machinery servicing groups established.
* Constraints* Constraints- Lacks of national strategies of development in agricultural mechanisation;Lacks of national strategies of development in agricultural mechanisation;- Weakness of the domestic manufacturing industry of agricultural machinery;Weakness of the domestic manufacturing industry of agricultural machinery;- Small scale rice production and low income farmers; Small scale rice production and low income farmers; - Small size rice fields with soft soil crossed by many rivers and canalsSmall size rice fields with soft soil crossed by many rivers and canals; ; - Lack of researchers for R&D, testing and selection of farm machinery; and Lack of researchers for R&D, testing and selection of farm machinery; and
technicians for training of machinery users; technicians for training of machinery users; - Small scale production of farm machinery with no standards causing problems for Small scale production of farm machinery with no standards causing problems for
users;users;- Weak services after salesWeak services after sales; ; - Low efficient using of machinery by non-professional servicing people; Low efficient using of machinery by non-professional servicing people; - Little government supports for servicing groups and manufacturers;Little government supports for servicing groups and manufacturers; - Lack of international supports for agricultural mechanisation; Lack of international supports for agricultural mechanisation; - Climate changeClimate change..
PART VI PART VI
SUGGESTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT SUGGESTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RICE MECHANISATION IN OF RICE MECHANISATION IN
VIETNAMVIETNAM
RICE TRANSPLANTER AND ROW SEEDERSRICE TRANSPLANTER AND ROW SEEDERS
Rice transplanter
Rice row seeder
PESTICIDE SPRAYER PESTICIDE SPRAYER
Pest control
WAYS TO REDUCE WAYS TO REDUCE POST-HARVEST LOSSES POST-HARVEST LOSSES
CURRENT RICE TECHNOLOGY & SUPPLY CHAIN IN MD CURRENT RICE TECHNOLOGY & SUPPLY CHAIN IN MD
Harvested paddy at MC of 18-25%(After 1 to 5 days for drying, transporting and temporary storage, paddy has MCof 18-20%)
Paddy husking (Brown rice MC of 15.5 – 17.5 %)
Brown rice stored temporarily within 1-5 days in Summer-Autumn and 1-10 days in Winter-Spring seasons at MC of 15.5 – 17.5 %
Whitening, polishing and sorting. (Rice has MC of 14.5 – 16.5%)
Temporary storage in warehouseswithin 1-3 months at MC of 13- 14%
Mixing rice for required rates of broken rice, weighing and packaging for export. Rice has MC of 14%
Re-whitening(physical loss of 3-4%)
Storage within 1 – 2 months
Drying milled rice(MC of 13.5 – 14%)
RICE TECHNOLOGY RICE SUPPLY CHAIN
Farmers
Middlemen
Rice semi processors or middlemen
Rice processing enterprises
Rice exporters
SUGGESTIONS ON A PROPER RICE TECHNOLOGY SUGGESTIONS ON A PROPER RICE TECHNOLOGY AND A RICE SUPPLY CHAIN IN THE MEKONG DELTAAND A RICE SUPPLY CHAIN IN THE MEKONG DELTA
After being harvested, paddy at MC of 18-25% is transported to silos within 12 to 24 hrs
Paddy is received, sampled for quality evaluation and buying, then loaded into silos. Paddy MC of 18– 25 %
Paddy is dried until MC of 13-14% and seperated of soil, stones,…
Paddy at MC of 13-14% is loaded into silos after being fumigated.Because of temperature control, storage time of paddy is up to 12 months
- Activities in animal houses- Activities in animal houses %% 3030 4040 >50>50
- Laughtering and meat processing- Laughtering and meat processing %% 1414 2525 3737
* National objectives of the year 2020: Vietnam becomes an industrial country
- Agricultural GDP: 10-13% of the GDP - Rural population: 50%
- Rural income: increases 2.5 times compared with the current income - Agri. labor force: 30%
(Source: Vietnam Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), 2010)
PROPOSAL ON SETTING UP OF NATIONAL SYSTEM PROPOSAL ON SETTING UP OF NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR SUPPORTING MANUFACTURE, SELECTION OF FARM FOR SUPPORTING MANUFACTURE, SELECTION OF FARM
MACHINERY & TRAINING MACHINERY USERSMACHINERY & TRAINING MACHINERY USERS
NATIONAL POLICIES ON AGRICULTURAL NATIONAL POLICIES ON AGRICULTURAL MECHANISATION TOWARD 2020 IN VIETNAMMECHANISATION TOWARD 2020 IN VIETNAM
* Action No. 3095/VPCP-KTTH signed by the prime minister on June 18, 2004 * Action No. 3095/VPCP-KTTH signed by the prime minister on June 18, 2004 about providing financial supports (loan interest) to farmers for buying about providing financial supports (loan interest) to farmers for buying agri. Machinery;agri. Machinery;
* Decree No. 26-NQ/TW called ‘Tam Nong Policy’ meaning ‘Agriculture, * Decree No. 26-NQ/TW called ‘Tam Nong Policy’ meaning ‘Agriculture, Rural areas and Farmers’ issued by the Central Steering Board of the Rural areas and Farmers’ issued by the Central Steering Board of the Communist Party;Communist Party;
* Decree No. 24/2008/NQ-CP issued by Vietnam Government on 20 Oct. 2008 * Decree No. 24/2008/NQ-CP issued by Vietnam Government on 20 Oct. 2008 to implement the Decree No. 26-NQ/TW;to implement the Decree No. 26-NQ/TW;
* Providing supports to investments in manufacturing of diesel engines (>100 * Providing supports to investments in manufacturing of diesel engines (>100 HP), tractors (high power), agri. machinery HP), tractors (high power), agri. machinery
* Supporting Vietnamese companies to have join-venture companies with * Supporting Vietnamese companies to have join-venture companies with foreign partners in manufacture of tractors and agri. machinery in VN;foreign partners in manufacture of tractors and agri. machinery in VN;
* Encouraging activities of research and transfer in agricultural * Encouraging activities of research and transfer in agricultural mechanisation;mechanisation;
* Establishing strong linkages between farmers + Business + Scientists + * Establishing strong linkages between farmers + Business + Scientists + Government;Government;
* Building up ‘large size rice field models’ to facilitate applications of agri. * Building up ‘large size rice field models’ to facilitate applications of agri. Machinery.Machinery.
THANK YOU VERY MUCHTHANK YOU VERY MUCHFOR YOUR ATTENTION#FOR YOUR ATTENTION#