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AgriculturalApplica,onsofET
AndrewFrench1,CharlesA.Sanchez2,DouglasHunsaker1,PaulBrown2,DawitZerihun2,ClintonWilliams1,EduardoBau,sta1
1.U.S.AridLandAgriculturalResearchCenter,USDA/ARS,Maricopa
2.UniversityofArizona,Tucson
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Situa,on
• TheColoradoRiverValleysofSouthernArizonaandCaliforniaAndtheImperialandCoachellaValleysofCaliforniarepresentmoreThan700,000acres(280,000ha)ofirrigatedcropland• Thisregionproducesmorethan95%ofthena,on’svegetablesDuringthefall-winter-springseasoneachyear.• ManyofthewaterrightsonthelowerColoradohavehighseniority• ColoradoRiverresourcesover-subscribed• USBRisresponsiblefordeliveringwater,managingsalinity,andmee,ngUS/Mexicotreatyobliga,ons• RemotesensingofEThasaroleinassessingcurrentwateruse&
helpingtomanagewaterinthefuture.
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CoachellaValley
ImperialValleyLowerColoradoRiverValley
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Irriga,onDistrictsfortheYumaArizonaRegion
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DecliningIrriga,onWaterDeliveriestoYumaCountyFarms
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ImprovedWaterManagement
• Laserleveling• Concretelinedditches• Highturnoutgates• Sprinklerirriga,on• Lengthofirriga,onruns,furrowgeometry,andmanipula,onofcutoffdistanceand,me
• Croppingsystemshi_s
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YumaCountyCropProduc,onShi_toVegetables
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IrrigableAcresinYumaCountyDedicatedtoMul,-CropsIncreased5xsince1970
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WaterConserva,onbyReducingSummerMonthCropping
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ImprovedWaterManagementPrac,ce:Flood->Sprinkler
Thewaterintensiveprac,ceof“subbing”upvegetablesbymaintainingwaterinfieldfurrowsfor7-10dayshasbeenreplacedbysprinklerirriga,on
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FarmManagementPrac,ceshaveIncreasedApplica,on&CropWaterUse
Efficienciesfrom~55%to~75%
AllCrops Leguce
Applica,onEfficiency:CropET/WaterApplied WUE:CropYield/WaterApplied
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ElementsofIrriga,onandtheRoleofETMonitoring
• Irriga,onScheduling:TimingandRequiredDepth• AdjustmentofRequiredDepthforSaltManagement(Leaching)• Irriga,onDesignandManagement(Efficient&Uniform
Applica,onofRequiredDepth• Accuracyofwaterusages,llamajorques,on
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RoleofRemoteSensingofETforAgriculture
• ETmodelscanreasonablyes,mateseasonalwateruse
• Crop®ionspecificwaterusevaluesforirriga,ondistrictmanagement
• UsefulremotesensingofETneedstobeatdaily,mesteps,<100mresolu,on,andaccessibletofarmersandtheiradvisors.
CropClassifica,on
LSTMaps Cumula,veWaterUsed
VI-BasedET
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• ETuses/lossesarethesinglelargestunmeasuredwaterflux• New,updatedwaterusebaselinesneededintheUSSouthwest• Scarcity&Farmvs.UrbanUsers• Salinitymanagement
• KnowledgeofETwouldimprovein-seasonforecas,ngofwaterrequirements• ET-basedtoolswouldbeusedifaccurate,consistent,andeasy-touse
AgriculturalApplica,onsofET
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TemperatureResponsesvs.WaterDeficits
Temperaturevs.TimeofDay Surface-AirTemperatureDifferencevs.TimeofDay