Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/agilentlte5989-6331en 1/20

Agilent TechnologiesSolutions for 3GPP LTE

Technical Overview

When it comes to providing solutions for designing, testing, and manufacturing

devices using emerging technologies, companies around the globe depend oninnovative solutions from Agilent Technologies. Our engineers—experts in

test and measurement—have dedicated their careers to understanding the

intricacies of these evolving technologies, to provide you with the solutions

you need, when you need them. So, as you move LTE forward, we’re here to

clear the way.

One of the latest industry developments is the creation of long term evolution

(LTE) standards by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Currently

under development, the LTE specifications are scheduled to be completed

by March 2008 with initial test specifications by September 2008 for system

deployment in the 2009 to 2010 timeframe. This document provides an

overview of LTE and demonstrates how Agilent solutions can help you

introduce quality LTE 3GPP devices.

Agilent is committed to the continued development and introduction of new

products to meet specific LTE measurement challenges as they are identified.

For example, as LTE moves toward commercial deployment, Agilent will provide

manufacturers and wireless communication service providers with the tools to

successfully speed time to market and maximize their return on investment.

Move Forward to What

is Possible in 3GPP LTE

Note: The 3GPP LTE standardization

process is ongoing. The information

covered in this document is based

on V8.0.0 of the 3GPP physical

layer specifications (36.21X). Some

details presented here may change

or evolve in future versions of the

specifications.

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


2

LTE Overview .....................................................................................................................2

LTE Physical Layer ............................................................................................................2

LTE Testing .........................................................................................................................8

Designing LTE Systems and Circuits ............................................................................8

Generating LTE Signals ..................................................................................................10

Performing LTE Signal Analysis ...................................................................................14

Glossary ............................................................................................................................19

Third-generation (3G) wireless systems, based on W-CDMA, are now being

deployed all over the world. W-CDMA maintains a mid-term competitive edge

by providing high speed packet access (HSPA) in both downlink and uplink

modes. To ensure the competitiveness of the 3G systems into the future, a

long term evolution (LTE) of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)

access technology is being specified in Release 8 of the 3GPP standard.

The LTE specification provides a framework for increasing capacity, improving

spectrum efficiency, improving coverage, and reducing latency compared with

current HSPA implementations. In addition, transmission with multiple input

and multiple output (MIMO) antennas will be supported for greater throughput,

as well as enhanced capacity or range.

Key attributes for LTE• Downlink capacity –Peak data rates up to 172.8 Mbps with 20 MHz

bandwidth and 2x2 SU-MIMO

• Uplink capacity –Peak data rates up to 86.4 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth

and 64QAM

• Spectrum flexibility –Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz,

covering 1.4, 1.6, 3, 3.2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz in both uplink and downlink

• Spectral efficiency –Increased spectral efficiency over Release 6 HSPA

by a factor of two to four

• Latency –Sub-5 ms latency for small internet protocol (IP) packets

• Mobility –Optimized for low mobile speed from 0 to 15 km/h;

higher mobile speeds up to 120 km/h supported with high performance

• Support for packet switched domains only

This section provides a high-level description of the unique LTE physical

layer. By understanding the physical layer, the need for new testing solutions

becomes clear. Only through the use of tailored solutions are the unique LTE

properties addressed, ultimately helping to ensure the quality of your leading-

edge products.

Transmission bandwidthIn order to address the international wireless market and regional spectrum

regulations, LTE includes varying channel bandwidths selectable from 1.4 to

20 MHz, with sub-carrier spacing of 15 kHz. In the case of evolved multimedia

broadcast multicast service (eMBMS), a sub-carrier spacing of 7.5 kHz is also

possible. Sub-carrier spacing is constant regardless of channel bandwidth. To

allow for operation in different sized spectrum allocation, the transmission

bandwidth is instead altered by varying the number of OFDM sub-carriers.

Table of Contents

LTE Overview

LTE Physical Layer

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


4

Uplink

The channel coding is turbo coding with coding rate of ¹/ ³

(for every bit that

goes into the coder, three bits come out), based on ¹/ ³

turbo encoder used in

3GPP Release 6.

DL frame structureTwo radio frame structures are defined in LTE: frame structure type 1, which

uses both FDD and TDD duplexing, and frame structure type 2, which uses

TDD duplexing. Frame structure type 1 is optimized to co-exist with 3.84 Mcps

UTRA systems. Frame structure type 2 is optimized to co-exist with 1.28 Mcps

UTRA TDD systems, also known as TD-SCDMA. This document focuses on

frame structure type 1.

Figure 1 shows frame structure type 1. A DL radio frame has a duration of

10 ms and consists of 20 slots with a slot duration of 0.5 ms. Two slots

comprise a sub-frame. A sub-frame, also known as the transmission time

interval (TTI), has a duration of 1 ms compared to 2 ms TTI for HSPA systems.

Shorter TTIs reduce the latency in the system and will add further demands to

the mobile terminal processor.

Physical signals Modulation scheme

Demodulation RS Zadoff-Chu

PRACH uth root Zadoff-Chu

Physical channels Modulation scheme

PUCCH Based on Zadoff-Chu

PUSCH QPSK

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


5

As shown in Figure 1, the physical mapping of the DL physical signals are:

• Reference signal is transmitted at OFDM symbol 0 and 4 of each slot.

This depends on frame structure type and antenna port number.

• P-SCH is transmitted on symbol 6 of slots 0 and 10 of each radio frame; it

occupies 72 sub-carriers, centered around the DC sub-carrier

• S-SCH is transmitted on symbol 5 of slots 0 and 10 of each radio frame; it

occupies 72 sub-carriers centered around the DC sub-carrier

• PBCH physical channel is transmitted on 72 sub-carriers centered around

the DC sub-carrier.

Downlink slot structureThe smallest time-frequency unit for downlink transmission is called a

resource element, which is one symbol on one sub-carrier. A group of

12 contiguous sub-carriers in frequency and one slot in time, form a resource

block (RB) as shown in Figure 2. Data is allocated to each user equipment (UE) in

units of RB.

1 sub-frame = 1 µs

#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18 #19

Cyclic prefix

P-SCH

S-SCH

PBPCH

PDCCH

Reference signal

1 frame = 10 ms

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (= 7 OFDM symbols at normal CP) 1 slot = 15360

(x Ts)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 slot = 0.5 ms

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Figure 1. Frame structure type 1

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


6

Figure 2. Downlink resource grid (Ref 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.0.0 Figure 6.2.2-1)

For a frame structure type 1 using normal cyclic prefix (CP), a RB spans 12

consecutive sub-carriers at a sub-carrier spacing of 15 kHz, and 7 consecutive

symbols over a slot duration of 0.5 ms as shown in Table 1. A CP is appended

to each symbol as a guard interval. Thus, a RB has 84 resource elements (12

sub-carriers x 7 symbols) corresponding to one slot in the time domain and

180 kHz (12 sub-carriers x 15 kHz spacing) in the frequency domain. The size of

a RB is the same for all bandwidths, therefore, the number of available physicalRBs depends on the transmission bandwidth. In the frequency domain, the

number of available RBs can range from 6 (when transmission bandwidth is

1.4 MHz), to 100 (when transmission bandwidth is 20 MHz).

Table 1. Resource block parameters (Ref 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.0.0 Figure 6.2 .3-1)

#0 #1 #2 #3 #18 #19

One slot, T slot = 15360 x T s = 0.5 ms

One sub-frame

One radio frame, T f = 307200 x T s = 10 ms

One downlink slot, T slot

N DL OFDM symbolssymb

N R B

s u b - c a r r i e r s

B W

N D L s u b - c a r r i e r s

B W

Resource block

N DL x N RB resource elementssymb BW

Resource element

N Configuration N

Frame structure type 1 Frame structure type 2

Normal cyclic prefix ∆ƒ = 15 kHz 7 9

Extended cyclic prefix ∆ƒ = 15 kHz12

6 8

∆ƒ = 7.5 kHz 24 3 4

RBBW

DLsymb

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


7

Uplink frame and slot structureThe UL frame structure type 1 is the same as DL in terms of frame, slot, and

sub-frame length. An UL slot structure is shown in Figure 3. The number of

symbols in a slot depends on the CP length. For a normal CP, there are seven

SC-FDMA symbols per slot. For extended CP there are six SC-FDMA symbols

per slot.

Figure 3. Uplink frame and slot format for frame structure type 1

UL demodulation reference signals, which are used for channel estimation

for coherent demodulation, are transmitted in the fourth symbol (i.e symbol

number 3) of the slot.

1 sub-frame = 1 ms

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18 #19

Cyclic prefix

Reference signal

(Demodulation)

1 frame = 10 ms

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 slot = 0.5 ms

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (= 7 OFDM symbols at normal CP) 1 slot = 15360

(x Ts)

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


8

Agilent Technologies provides technology expertise and comprehensive,

flexible, multi-format verification products that can be scaled and upgraded to

meet the needs of design and test engineers throughout the R&D lifecycle—

from early design to final conformance testing.

Today, for early R&D, Agilent Technologies provides LTE design automation

tools and flexible instrumentation based on measurement platforms currently

available. These tools include the Advanced Design System (ADS) LTE library,

Signal Studio software, MXG vector signal generators, ESG vector signalgenerators, 89600 VSA Series vector signal analyzers, PSA Series spectrum

analyzers, and MXA signal analyzers. These powerful tools give design

engineers the ability to design, troubleshoot, and evaluate the performance of

LTE-capable transmitters and receivers.

Advanced Design SystemAdvanced Design System (ADS) is the industry leader in high-frequency design

tools. The software platform contains a complete set of technologies for RF

and microwave circuit and system design and simulation. The wireless libraries

available for ADS help shorten product development cycles by building the

latest signal formats into ADS for testing and verification ahead of prototyping.

Verifying system performance early, and often, mitigates integration risks laterin the product development cycle and gets products to market faster.

The ADS 3GPP LTE Wireless LibraryThe ADS 3GPP LTE Wireless Library helps wireless-systems designers and

verification engineers speed development of 3GPP LTE designs for next-gen-

eration mobile communications products, enabling designers to verify system

and circuit design performance—even as the standards evolve. The 3GPP LTE

Wireless Library contains flexible DL and UL signal sources and receivers to

speed up system and circuit design, and allows quick and easy variation of

parameters such as signal bandwidth and modulation type. The ADS 3GPP LTE

Wireless Library also comes complete with simulation measurement capa-

bilities for key system design measurements such as error vector magnitude(EVM) and uncoded bit error ratio (BER). Custom algorithm internet protocol

(IP) for emerging standards such as 3GPP LTE can also be co-simulated and

combined with the existing algorithm capability in ADS.

Figure 4. An example schematic for performing an EVM measurement using the ADS LTE

Wireless Library

LTE Testing

Designing LTE Systemsand Circuits

LTE: Downlink transmitter EVM measurement

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


9

ADS LTE Wireless Library features

• Uncoded downlink and uplink sources with selectable bandwidths

(1.4, 1.6, 3, 3.2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz)

• Selectable modulation types: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM

• Uncoded downlink and uplink receivers

• EVM, BER, constellation, CCDF, waveform, and spectrum measurements

Figure 5. Example ADS LTE Wireless Library downlink source

Figure 6. Example ADS LTE Wireless Library uplink source

Connected SolutionsConnected Solutions from Agilent Technologies combine ADS 3GPP LTE Wire-

less Library with Agilent test equipment to enable RF, IF, digital-IF, and digital

baseband hardware performance to be verified. Connected Solutions extendthe functionality of Agilent test equipment such as Agilent’s new MXG signal

generator by allowing simulated signals to be turned into real-world test signals

for device under test (DUT) testing. Simulated impairments, such as multi-path and

fading, can be introduced into the simulated signal for real-world system test-

ing. A digital stimulus can be created with Connected Solutions using a pattern

generator board or an ESG combined with the N5102A Baseband Studio digital

signal interface module. The DUT output signals can then be captured by an

Agilent signal analyzer or the Agilent 16900 Series Logic Analyzer, and read

back into ADS for system-level hardware testing, such as EVM or uncoded

BER measurements. Co-simulation of custom algorithms with ADS Connected

Solutions can also enable powerful testing capability for emerging standards

such as 3GPP LTE.

Uplink source

Downlink source

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


10

Figure 7. VSA analysis of a signal generated in ADS

For more information about the ADS 3GPP Wireless Library,

visit ADS 3GPP Wireless Library:

http://eesof.tm.agilent.com/products/e8895a-new.html

Agilent signal generators coupled with Signal Studio software have built a

solid reputation as the benchmark test stimulus in the mobile communications

industry. A comprehensive suite of signal creation software is available for the

development and manufacturing of existing and evolving 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G

communication systems. Quickly and easily create performance-optimized LTE

reference signals for component level parametric test, baseband subsystemverification, receiver performance verification, and advanced functional

evaluation.

N7624B Signal Studio for 3GPP LTEThe first release of the software creates spectrally correct signals for designing

and testing components in LTE-enabled mobile handsets and base transceiver

stations. The software features flexible adjustment of LTE parameters to fine

tune signal characteristics such as spectral shape and peak-to-average ratio

for specific applications. Adjustable parameters include bandwidth, modulation

type, number of channels, channel power level, payload data, resource block

allocation, and more. A graphical user interface simplifies signal configuration

while the .NET API enables integration into a test executive. Future releases of

the software will be available as the standard continues to evolve.

Although the first release of the software is tailored for component test

applications, it can also be used for early receiver design and testing. The data

to be transmitted can be pre-coded to simulate the transport layer coding and

then imported into the software through the use of a user file. Future releases

of the software will include transport layer coding capabilities.

Generating LTE Signals

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


11

Signal Studio for 3GPP LTE user inter face showing the channel configuration and resource

block allocation of a downlink LTE signal

General Signal Studio features

• Optimized for the ESG and MXG vector signal generators

• Add calibrated AWGN

• Create multi-carr ier signals

• Pre-filter and post-filter clipping

• Graphical display of resource blocks

• Save and recall signal configurations

• Programmable control with built-in .NET API

Key Signal Studio LTE downlink features

• OFDMA modulation

• Sub-carrier modulation (QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM)

• Selectable LTE bandwidth (Up to 20 MHz)

• Selectable cyclic prefix

• Selectable reference and synchronization signal parameters

• User-definable data patterns

• PBCH, PDCCH, and PDSCH channels

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


12

Key Signal Studio LTE uplink features

• SC-FDMA modulation

• Sub-carrier modulation (QPSK and 16QAM)

• Selectable LTE bandwidth (Up to 20 MHz)

• Selectable cyclic prefix

• Selectable reference signal parameters

• User-definable data patterns

• PUCCH and PUSCH channels

Industry-leading RF performance with the Agilent MXG

and ESG vector signal generatorsThe N5182A MXG offers the industry-best adjacent-channel power (ACPR)

performance and switching speeds making it ideal for the characterization

and evaluation of single and multicarrier power amplifiers. The E4438C ESG

provides lower phase noise, excellent level accuracy, fading capabilities digital

I/Q inputs and outputs making it better suited for early receiver test.

Agilent N5182A MXG vector signal generator

Features of the N5182A MXG for LTE

• Frequency coverage up to 6 GHz

• Fast switching speeds: frequency, amplitude, and waveforms

• Industry-best ACPR

• Analog I/Q inputs and outputs for testing at baseband

• Small form factor

• LAN (LXI compliant), USB, and GPIB connectivity

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


13

Features of the E4438C ESG for LTE

• Frequency coverage up to 6 GHz

• Digital I/Q inputs and outputs for testing at baseband

• Analog I/Q inputs and outputs for testing at baseband

• Fading capability with Baseband Studio

• Internal BER analyzer

• Low phase noise

• LAN and GPIB connectivity

Ordering informationN5182A MXG

N5182A–5031 250 kHz to 3 GHz frequency range

N5182A–UNZ Fast switching

N5182A–6541 Internal baseband generator (125 megasample per second

(Msa/s), 8 Msa)

N5182A–UNV Enhanced dynamic range

N5182A–403 Calibrated AWGN

N7624B–SW31 Signal Studio for 3GPP LTE (with connectivity to MXG)

E4438C ESG E4438C–5031 250 kHz to 3 GHz frequency range

E4438C–6021 Internal baseband generator (64 Msa memory)

E4438C–005 6 GB internal hard drive

E4438C–UNJ Enhanced phase noise performance

E4438C–403 Calibrated AWGN

N7624B–SW11 Signal Studio for 3GPP LTE (with connectivity to ESG)

1. Required options. The baseband generator may be option E4438C-001, -002, -601, -602 or

N5182A-652, -654.

More informationAgilent 3GPP LTE: www.agilent.com/find/lte

Agilent signal generators: www.agilent.com/find/signalgenerators

Signal Studio software: www.agilent.com/find/signalstudio

Baseband Studio: www.agilent.com/find/basebandstudio

Agilent E4438C ESG vec tor signal generator

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


14

Performing LTE SignalAnalysis

The ever increasing complexity of the emerging broadband communication sys-

tems demand flexible signal analysis with in-depth modulation analysis as well

as RF power measurements. The Agilent signal and spectrum analyzers ease

measurements on complex signals by providing world-class accuracy, flex-

ibility, and standard-specific measurement applications. In addition, the world

renowned Agilent 89600 Vector Signal Analysis (VSA) software in combination

with Agilent’s signal and spectrum analyzers offer the industry’s most sophis-

ticated general purpose and standards specific signal evaluation and trouble-shooting tools for the R&D engineer.

LTE signal analysis evaluation softwareAgilent proves its commitment to LTE signal analysis by providing an early

demonstration of a measurement functionality today that will become a

fully supported solution once the LTE standard becomes more stable. This

evaluation software is a stand-alone software extension to the industry-

leading Agilent 89600 VSA software. It supports both downlink and uplink

LTE signal analysis based on V8.0.0 of the 3GPP TS 36.21X series physical

layer specifications. Use this evaluation software, along with your existing

Agilent signal and spectrum analyzers, to gain insight into the performance

of your prototype LTE-capable devices.

Time gate set to ~1 OFDM symbol

length, aligned to one of the 64QAM

data symbols. Shows data activity

across entire 5 MHz DL signal within

specific gated OFDM symbol

64QAMData symbols

1st reference symbol pilots

(occur every 6th subcarrier in

RS1 symbol)

CCDF indicates PAPR of ~8.5 dB

for this particular signal measured

over all regions

LTE DL 5 MHz bandwidth

signal gated RF spectrum

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


15

Key features of the Agilent LTE evaluation software

• Works with the Agilent PSA, MXA, and 89600 spectrum and

signal analyzers

• Supports LTE downlink (OFDMA) and uplink (SC-FDMA) analysis based

V8.0.0 of the 3GPP TS36.12X series physical layer specifications

• Supports all LTE bandwidths: 1.4, 1.6, 3, 3.2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz

• Supports FDD mode of frame structure type 1• Demodulation of user-specified slot number and symbol number within

radio frame

• Supports user definition of up to six PDSCH two-dimensional data bursts for

downlink EVM analysis (format QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM)

• Supports user definition of PUSCH two-dimensional data bursts for

uplink EVM analysis (format QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM)

• Supports both normal and extended CP modes

• Connectivity with Advanced Design System—Connected Solutions

LTE signal simulation and analysis

LTE DL measurement showing OFDMA IQ constellation diagram, demodulated symbol bits,

as well as measurement metrics including EVM, channel power, common pilot error, and CP

length

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


16

LTE UL measurement showing SC-FDMA IQ constellation diagram, demodulated symbol bits,

as well as measurement metrics including EVM, channel power, common pilot error, and CP

length

LTE measurement metrics

• Sync correlation, frequency error, IQ offset

• Composite EVM, data EVM, pilot EVM

• Channel EVM metrics (DL = P-SCH, S-SCH, RS pilot, PBCH, PDCCH,

PDSCH 01-06, UL = DM pilot, PUSCH)

• Channel power metrics (DL = P-SCH, S-SCH, RS pilot, PBCH, PDCCH,

PDSCH 01-06, UL = DM pilot, PUSCH)

• Common pilot error, symbol clock error

• CP length

LTE measurement traces

• OFDMA and SC-FDMA symbol demodulation magnitude

• OFDMA and SC-FDMA symbol demodulation IQ vector/constellation

• Error vector spectrum (composite percent EVM per data/pilot sub-carrier

• Error vector time (composite percent EVM per OFDMA and SC-FDMA

symbol)

• Channel frequency response (magnitude/phase/group delay)

• Pilot tracking (CPE magnitude/phase, pilot timing error)

• Symbol data (demodulated symbol bits represented as Hex values per

sub-carrier)

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


17

Depending on your performance requirements, you can choose either the PSA

series high performance spectrum analyzer, the MXA signal analyzer, or the

89600 VXI-based vector signal analyzer as the acquisition and capture hard-

ware for your signal.

PSA high performance signal analyzer with

LTE software on PC

Features of Agilent PSA for LTE

• High performance spectrum

analyzer and signal analyzer in asingle box

• Frequency range of 3 Hz to 6.7, 13.6,

26.5, 44, and 50 GHz

• Analysis bandwidth of

8 MHz/40 MHz/80 MHz1

• LTE software runs on external PC

1. 40/80 MHz analysis bandwidth available on

6.7, 13.2, and 26.5 GHz models

Features of Agilent MXA for LTE

• Mid-range spectrum and signal

analyzer in a single box

• Frequency range of 20 Hz to 3.6,

8.4, 13.2, and 26.5 GHz

• Analysis bandwidth of

10 MHz/25 MHz

• LTE software runs inside the

analyzer

Features of Agilent 89600 VSA for LTE

• Frequency range of DC to 6 GHz

• Analysis bandwidth of 36 MHz

• BBIQ input

• Two-channel RF configuration up

to 6 GHz

MXA signal analyzer with LTE software

running inside the MXA

89600 VSA with LTE software on PC

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


18

Ordering informationThe LTE evaluation software requires users to have a licensed copy of the

89601A VSA software. The recommended configuration for using the LTE

evaluation software is as follows:

PSA spectrum analyzer

E4443A, E4445A, or E4440A (6.7, 13.2, or 26.5 GHz frequency range

respectively)Option 140–(40 MHz analysis bandwidth)

89601A VSA software with Option 200 and 300

MXA signal analyzer

N9020A Option 503, 508, 513, or 526 (3.6, 8.4, 13.2, and 26.5 GHz frequency

range respectively)

N9020A Option B25–(25 MHz analysis bandwidth)

89601A VSA software with Option 200 and 300

89600 VXI

89641A 6 GHz vector signal analyzer

or

89640A 2.7 GHz vector signal analyzer

More informationPSA spectrum analyzer: www.agilent.com/find/psa

MXA signal analyzer: www.agilent.com/find/mxa

89600 VSA software: www.agilent.com/find/89600

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


19

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project

3G 3rd generation

ACPR Adjacent channel power ratio

ADS Advance Design System

AMC Adaptive modulation and coding

AWGN Additive white Gaussian noise

BER Bit error ratio

CCDF Complementary cumulative distribution function

CP Cyclic prefixCPE Common pilot error

DL Downlink (base station to subscriber transmission)

DM pilot Demodulation pilot

DUT Device under test

eMBMS Evolved multimedia broadcast multicast

EVM Error vector magnitude

FDD Frequency division duplex

FFT Fast fourier transform

HSPA High speed packet access

HSDPA High speed downlink packet access

IP Internet protocol

LTE Long term evolution

MIMO Multiple input multiple outputOFDM Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

OFDMA Orthogonal frequency division multiple access

PAPR Peak-to-average power ratio

PBCH Physical broadcast channel

PDCCH Physical downlink control channel

PDSCH Physical downlink shared channel

P-SCH Primary–synchronization channel

PUCCH Physical uplink control channel

PUSCH Physical uplink shared channel

QAM Quadrature amplitude modulation

QPSK Quadrature phase shift keying

RB Resource block

RS Reference signalSC-FDMA Single carrier–frequency division multiple access

S-SCH Secondary–synchronization channel

TDD Time division duplex

TD-SCDMA Time division–synchronous code division multiple access

TTI Transmit time interval

UL Uplink (subscriber to base station transmission)

UTRA UMTS terrestrial radio access

W-CDMA Wideband–code division multiple access

Glossary

7/28/2019 Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN


www.agilent.com

For more information on Agilent Technologies’

products, applications or services, please

contact your local Agilent office. The

complete list is available at:

www.agilent.com/find/contactus

Americas

Canada (877) 894-4414Latin America 305 269 7500

United States (800) 829-4444

Asia Pacific

Australia 1 800 629 485

China 800 810 0189

Hong Kong 800 938 693

India 1 800 112 929

Japan 81 426 56 7832

Korea 080 769 0800

Malaysia 1 800 888 848

Singapore 1 800 375 8100

Taiwan 0800 047 866

Thailand 1 800 226 008

Europe

Austria 0820 87 44 11

Belgium 32 (0) 2 404 93 40

Denmark 45 70 13 15 15

Finland 358 (0) 10 855 2100

France 0825 010 700

Germany 01805 24 6333*

*0.14€/minute

Ireland 1890 924 204

Italy 39 02 92 60 8484

Netherlands 31 (0) 20 547 2111

Spain 34 (91) 631 3300

Sweden 0200-88 22 55Switzerland (French) 41 (21) 8113811 (Opt 2)

Switzerland (German) 0800 80 53 53 (Opt 1)

United Kingdom 44 (0) 118 9276201

Other European Countries:

www.agilent.com/find/contactusRevised: May 7, 2007

Product specifications and descriptions

in this document subject to change

without notice.

© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2007

Printed in USA, September 19, 2007

5989-6331EN

Remove all doubt

Our repair and calibration services

will get your equipment back to you,

performing like new, when prom-

ised. You will get full value out of

your Agilent equipment through-

out its lifetime. Your equipment

will be serviced by Agilent-trainedtechnicians using the latest factory

calibration procedures, automated

repair diagnostics and genuine parts.

You will always have the utmost

confidence in your measurements.

Agilent offers a wide range of ad-

ditional expert test and measure-

ment services for your equipment,

including initial start-up assistance

onsite education and training, as

well as design, system integration,

and project management.

For more information on repair and

calibration services, go to:

www.agilent.com/find/removealldoubt

www.agilent.com/find/emailupdates

Get the latest information on the products

and applications you select.

www.agilent.com/find/agilentdirect

Quickly choose and use your test equip-

ment solutions with confidence.

Agilent Email Updates

Agilent Direct

Agilent_LTE_5989-6331EN

Documents