Agile Process Introduction

AGILE PROCESS INTRODUCTIONAuthor: Nguyen Phuc Hai

Created date: 1/7/2008

Agenda

� Introduction

� Software Development Process

� Software Development Life Cycle

�Waterfall model�Waterfall model

� Iterative model

� Rational Unified Process (RUP)

� Agile Development Process (ADP)

� Scrum process

Software Development Life CycleWaterfall model

Software Development Process

Waterfall model

Iterative model

Rational Unified Process (RUP)

Agile Development Process (ADP)

Why we need process

Software Development Life Cycle


Waterfall model


Waterfall modelIterative model

Rational Unified Process (RUP)


Introduction

Definitions

� The waterfall model is a sequential software development model (a process for the creation of software) in which development is seen as flowing steadily downwards through the phases of requirements, analysis, design, implementation, requirements, analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance.

Waterfall usage

� Advantages

� High reliable product

� Reduce risk

� Clear scope and contract� Clear scope and contract

� Disadvantages

�Much over cost, resource and schedule

� Lack of product can apply Waterfall (except small and short-duration projects)

� Specific skill sets are required for each phase


Waterfall Model


Iterative ModelRational Unified Process (RUP)


Introduction

Definitions

� Iterative and Incremental development is a cyclical software development process developed in response to the weaknesses of the waterfall model.

� Iterative development slices the deliverable � Iterative development slices the deliverable

business value (system functionality) into

iterations. In each iteration a slice of functionality is delivered through cross-discipline work, starting from the model/requirements through to the testing/deployment

Usage

� Advantages:

�Optimize cost, schedule and resource than waterfall model

� Incrementally delivery business value

� Continuously improve product quality (requirements, design, code, test) via regularly feedback and learning knowledge


Waterfall Model


Iterative ModelRational Unified Process (RUP)Agile Development Process (ADP)

Iterative Model Graph

Phases and Iterations

� RUP life cycle organizes the tasks via phases and iterations.

� RUP has four phases:

� Inception� Inception

� Elaboration

� Construction

� Transition

Static Structure of the Process

� The process describes who is doing what, when and how. RUP uses the 4 modeling elements:

�Workers, the ‘who’

� Artifacts, the ‘what’� Artifacts, the ‘what’

� Activities, the ‘how’

�Workflows, the ‘when’


Waterfall Model


Iterative ModelRational Unified Process (RUP)


Agile Manifesto

Agile Principles

Manifesto of ADP

� Individuals and interactions over processes and tools

�Working software over comprehensive documentation documentation

� Customer collaboration over contract negotiation

� Responding to change over following a plan

Principles of Agile

� Our highest priority is to satisfy the customerthrough early and continuous deliveryof valuable software.

� Welcome changing requirements, even � Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile processes harness change for the customer's competitive advantage.

� Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a preference to the shorter timescale.

Principles of Agile (continue)

� Business people and developers must

work together daily throughout the project.

� Build projects around motivated

individuals. Give them the environment and individuals. Give them the environment and

support they need, and trust them to get the job done.

� The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development

team is face-to-face conversation.

Principles of Agile

� Working software is the primary measure of progress.

� Agile processes promote sustainable

development. The sponsors, developers, and users development. The sponsors, developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely.

� Continuous attention to technical excellence

and good design enhances agility.

Principles of Agile

� Simplicity--the art of maximizing the amount of work not done--is essential.

� The best architectures, requirements, and

designs emerge from self-organizing teams. designs emerge from self-organizing teams.

� At regular intervals, the team reflects on how

to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts

its behavior accordingly.

Sequence of iterations

What is ScrumIntroduction

Scrum Process

Introduction

Applying Scrum

Preconditions to Scrum

Scrum roles

How to scrum

What is Scrum

Applying Scrum

� Scrum is not silver bullet

Applying Scrum

� Adopt all Scrum practices

Applying Scrum

� Top-Bottom or Bottom-Up? Combine both approaches properly

What is Scrum


Scrum Process

Preconditions to ScrumScrum roles

Scrum ceremonies

Transparency

Ethics

Team work

Freedom

Open communication

Stakeholder engagement

Maturity

What is Scrum


Scrum Process

Scrum rolesProduct Owner

Scrum Master

Team

Scrum ceremonies

Scrum artifacts

Product Owner

� Product owner has the following responsibilities:

� Define the features of the product;

� Decide on release date and content;

� Be responsible for the profitability of the product (ROI); � Be responsible for the profitability of the product (ROI);

� Prioritize features according to market value;

� Adjust features and priority every 30 days, as needed;

� Accept or reject work results.

Scrum Master

� The Scrum Master is a facilitative team leader working closing with the Product Owner. He must:

� Ensure that the team is fully functional and productive;

� Enable close cooperation across all roles and functions; � Enable close cooperation across all roles and functions;

� Remove barriers;

� Shield the team from external interferences; and

� Ensure that the process is followed, including issuing invitations to Daily Scrum, Sprint Review and Sprint Planning meetings.

Scrum Master (continue)

� The Scrum Master has three primary responsibilities in addition to leading the Daily Scrum meeting:

� Needs to know what tasks have been completed, what tasks have started, any new tasks that have been discovered, and any estimates that may have changed. discovered, and any estimates that may have changed. The Scrum Master must also look carefully at the number of open tasks in progress.

� Needs to surface dependencies and blocks which are impediments to the Scrum. They need to be prioritized and tracked.

Scrum Master (continue)

� Last but not least, the Scrum Master may notice personal problems or conflicts within the Scrum that need resolution. These need to be clarified by the Scrum Master and be resolved by dialogue within the team, or the Scrum Master may need help from management or the Scrum Master may need help from management or the Human Resources.

Team

� Is cross-functional, with seven (plus/minus two) members;

� Selects the Sprint goal and specifies work results;

� Has the right to do everything within the � Has the right to do everything within the

boundaries of the project guidelines to reach the Sprint goal; Organizes itself and its work; and

� Demos work results to the Product Owner

What is Scrum


Scrum Process

Scrum roles

Scrum ceremoniesSprint Planning Meeting

Daily Scrum Meeting

Sprint Review Meeting

Scrum artifacts

Sprint Planning Meeting

� Preparation for a Scrum sprint begins when the Product Owner develops a plan for a product or a project.

� The team reviews the estimates for features on the � The team reviews the estimates for features on the Product Backlog and confirms that they are as accurate as possible

� Be used to develop a detailed plan for the iteration

� Be time-boxed to a maximum of four hours.

Daily Scrum Meeting

� Be the fifteen-minute meeting designed to clarify the state of the Scrum.

� Each team member speaks to three questions: � What did I do yesterday� What did I do today, and � What did I do today, and � What impediments got in my way?

� Only team members who have committed to deliver work to the Scrum are allowed to speak. The goal is to get a global snapshot of the project, discover any new dependencies, address any personal needs of committed individuals, and adjust the work plan in real time to the needs of the day.

Daily Scrum Meeting

� Pig and chicken issue in Scrum

Sprint Review Meeting

� Be held at the end of each Sprint.

� Product Owner determines which items on the Product Backlog have been completed in the Sprint, and discusses with the Scrum team and stakeholders and discusses with the Scrum team and stakeholders how best to reprioritize the Product Backlog for the next sprint

� Be time-boxed to a maximum of four hours.

What is Scrum


Scrum Process

Scrum roles

Scrum ceremonies

Scrum artifactsProduct Backlog

Sprint Backlog

Burn-down Chart

Product Backlog

� A single list of features prioritized by value delivered to the customer.

� The Product Backlog includes business and technical requirements needed to build the technical requirements needed to build the product. The highest priority items in the Product Backlog need to be broken down into small enough chunks to be estimable and testable. Features that will be implemented further out in time can be less detailed.

Product Backlog

� Sprint Backlog may change for several reasons: � The development team gains a better understanding of work to be done as time progresses and may find that they need to add new tasks to the Sprint Backlog.

� Defects may be identified and logged as additional � Defects may be identified and logged as additional tasks.

� The Product Owner may work with the team during the Sprint to help refine team understanding of the Sprint goal. The Scrum Master and Team may decide that minor adjustments that do not lengthen the Sprint are appropriate to optimize customer value.

Product Backlog

� Example

Sprint Backlog

� The list of tasks that the Scrum team is

committing that they will complete in the current

sprint. Items on the sprint backlog are drawn from the Product Backlog, by the team based on the priorities set by the Product Owner and the team's priorities set by the Product Owner and the team's perception of the time it will take to complete the various features.

Sprint Backlog

� Example

Burn-down Chart

� The Burn-down Chart is used as a tool to guide the development team to successful completion of a Sprint on time.

� Shows the cumulative work remaining in a Sprint, day-by-day.

The total of all Sprint Backlog estimates of work � The total of all Sprint Backlog estimates of work remaining to be completed is the cumulative backlog. When tasks are completed as the Sprint proceeds, the Scrum Master recalculates the remaining work to be done and the Sprint Backlog decreases, or burns down over time. It the cumulative Sprint Backlog is zero at the end of the Sprint, the Sprint is successful.

Burn-down Chart

� Example

References

References

� Software Development Process, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development_process

� Waterfall Model, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_model

� RUP, Best Practices for Software Development Team, http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/content/03July/1000/1251/1251_bestpractices_TP026B.pdf

� Agile Manifesto, http://agilemanifesto.org/

References

� Darrel Norton, Scrum overview http://codebetter.com/blogs/darrell.norton/pages/50339.aspx

� ScrumAlliance, http://www.scrumalliance.org/� ScrumAlliance, http://www.scrumalliance.org/

� Implementing Scrum, http://www.implementingscrum.com

References

� Pictures are gotten from:

� http://www.agileadvice.com/archives/2006/09/yet_another_big.html

� http://www.agilemodeling.com/essays/agileModelingRUP.htm

� http://www.notetech.com/images/software_lifecycle.jpg

Agile Process Introduction

Documents

incremental development

creation of software

iterations rup life

phases of requirements

product quality requirements

contract clear scope

contract disadvantagesmuch

contract negotiation