Agile Bill.Lean Primer.0906a

Software Engineering

Rockcliffe University

www.urockcliffe.com

Bill Krebs – [email protected]

SL: AgileBill Firehawk

AgileDimensions, LLC.

© 2009 Rockcliffe University Consortium

Software Engineering

What is Lean?

Lean

AgileDimensions, LLC. © 2009, Rockcliffe University Consortium 2

Optimize how we work.

Father and Son

Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd

Agile Dimensions, LLC. © 2009, Rockcliffe University Consortium 3

Toyota Motor1958 – Exported 230 cars to US

1965 – Toyota wins Deming Award1985 – Cumulative production exceeds 20 million units

At Toyota

Andon / Jidoka – stop the line culture


Halt if a defect is detected. Fix it right away.Use as a trigger for continuous improvement

W. Edwards Deming

Yale PhD

1950 – Consulting executives in Japan“Better Quality = Better Productivity”

1960 – Awarded Japan’s Order of the Sacred Treasureby Prime Minister

Helps Ford 1982 – 3 billion in losses1986 – most profitable US car company


1900 – 1993

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Edwards_Deming

�� Defects are caused by the process,

not the workers

Deming’s 14 points# 5. Improve constantly and forever the system of production and

service, to improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly decrease cost.

Seven Deadly Diseases#2. Emphasis on short-term profits.

Deming’s 14 points

From “Out of the Crisis” 1986. Does any of this still

apply today?

1. Improve the product and service, compete, stay

in business, and provide jobs

2. Western management must take on leadership

for change

3. Build quality into the product instead of

inspecting for defects

4. Minimize Total cost. Establish a trusted

relationship with a supplier.


More Deming points

5. Constantly improve the system. This will

improve quality and productivity, and decrease

cost.

6. Institute training on the job.

7. The aim of management should be to help

people and machines and gadgets do a better people and machines and gadgets do a better

job.

8. Drive out fear, so that everyone may work

effectively for the company.

9. Break down barriers between departments.


More Deming points

10. Eliminate slogans and targets for zero defects.

The “System” causes the defects, not the

workers. Fix the system, or process.

11. Eliminate quotas. Substitute leadership instead.

Don’t manage by numbers. Substitute

workmanship.workmanship.

12. Remove barriers to workmanship. Focus on

Quality, not quantity.

13. Institute a program of education and self-

improvement

14. Transformation is everyone’s work


Lean

Mary and Tom Poppendieck’s

book helps us understand what

Japan did.

They translate manufacturingThey translate manufacturing

practices into software terms.

Not Lean Six Sigma


7 Principles

1. Eliminate Waste

2. Build Quality In

3. Create Knowledge

4. Defer Commitment4. Defer Commitment

5. Deliver Fast

6. Respect People

7. Optimize the Whole


Eliminate Waste

By “Waste” we mean work that add no value in the

eyes of the customer. “Muda” in Japanese

Over-production / extra features

Transport / Handoffs Defects


In process inventory / or Partially done work

Over-production / extra features

Extra processing / relearning Motion / Task Switching

Waiting / Delays

Value Stream Map

1. Identify start and stop

2. Draw boxes for work

3. Lines for wait time

4. Label time for each4. Label time for each

5. Divide total work time

by total elapsed time

6. Look for bottlenecks


Quiz

Name some types of Waste


Build Quality In

�Mistake-Proof the process

� Example: Test Driven Development

� Avoid Technical Debt

a) Creation of work without associated test

b) Work that passes test, but smells badb) Work that passes test, but smells bad

� Avoid big band surprises

� Integrate smaller batches more often

(continuous integration)


Create Knowledge

�Learn as you work

�Use the scientific Method

� Form a hypotheses, test, observe the results

�Standards

� What is their purpose? Conformity against change? Or

baseline For change?

�Evolve knowledge Empirically

� Learn and adapt, not just predict and plan

“Don’t just guess about the future and call it a plan”


Defer Commitment

�Break dependencies

�Maintain Options

� When is the best time to decide?

As early as possible? Or just in time?

� Can we make some decisions reversible?


Deliver Fast

� Speed, Quality, and low cost go together

�Apply Queuing theory to your business

� Too much work in process at the same time actually slows

you down

�Limit work to capacity

� Efficiency bogs down when people are thrashing at near

100% busy


Little’s Law

Where is the sweet spot?


Little’s Law in Action

� An Example of Little’s Law in action.

TwitterTwitter


Respect People

� Which is more important? More money? Or more

fulfillment (praise, doing what suits you)?

�Provide effective leadership

� Bring out the best in the team

�Respect Partners

� Build alliances and foster trust, not conflict of interest

Also: Thought Diversity. The Servant Leader.


Optimize the Whole concept to cash

� Focus on the entire value stream / system

� When do we start measuring

� When to we stop measuring?

�Measure “Up”

� Don’t sub optimize

� What you measure is what you get


Quiz

� Should we work people at 100% or more?

�Is there a trade off between quality, speed, and

cost?

�Which of these companies use Lean?


DellDell

Improve like Toyota

“When there is trouble, stopping the machine also

means identifying the problem”

You’re a “Salary Thief”

if you have not improved your process

改善改善改善改善 “Kaizen” - Improvement

Taiichi Ohno


No work without process

No process without metrics

No metrics without measurement

No measurement without analysis

No analysis without improvement

Taiichi Ohno1912-1990

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizenwww.poppendieck.com/lean.htm

DISCUSSION

What techniques do you like?

Agile Dimensions © 2009, Rockcliffe University Consortium 24

Rockcliffe University

www.urockcliffe.com

Bill Krebs – linkedin.com/in/BillKrebs

SL: AgileBill Firehawk

Agile Dimensions, LLC.

[email protected]

Agile Bill.Lean Primer.0906a

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