AGILE 5 years of HE gamma astrophysics F.Longo University of Trieste and INFN

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AGILE AGILE 5 years of HE gamma astrophysics 5 years of HE gamma astrophysics

F.LongoUniversity of Trieste and INFNon behalf of the AGILE team

ICTP, November 20, 2012

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Gamma-ray astrophysics above 100 MeV

Picture of the day, Feb. 28, 2011, NASA-HEASARC

AGILE Fermi

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A typical Gamma-ray Detector A typical Gamma-ray Detector

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EGRETEGRET

EGRET- 1991-2000- 30 MeV - 30 GeV- AGN, GRB, Unidentified Sources, Diffuse Bkg

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The HE sky from EGRETThe HE sky from EGRET

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EGRET Gamma-ray SourcesEGRET Gamma-ray Sources

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Challenge # 1Challenge # 1

• Need simultaneous multiwavelength data to study variability and emission processes (eg. Active Galactic Nuclei)

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Challenge # 2Challenge # 2

• Need more exposure and optimal timing (and radio monitoring) to discover more gamma-ray PSRs.

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Challenge # 3Challenge # 3

• Need fast timing for gamma-ray detection (improving EGRET deadtime, 100 msec → 100 microsec or less).

Delayed Emission (GRB 940217)

Prompt Emission (GRB 930131)

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Challenge # 4Challenge # 4

• Need arcminute positioning of gamma-ray sources (improving EGRET error box radii by a factor of 2-10).

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AGILEAGILE

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AGILE AGILE

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AGILE instrumentAGILE instrument

AGILE: inside the cube…

ANTICOINCIDENCE

INAF-IASF-Mi (F.Perotti)

HARD X-RAY IMAGER (SUPER-AGILE)

INAF-IASF-Rm (E.Costa, M. Feroci)

GAMMA-RAY IMAGER

SILICON TRACKER

INFN-Trieste

(G.Barbiellini, M. Prest)

(MINI) CALORIMETER

INAF-IASF-Bo, Thales-Alenia Space (LABEN)

(G. Di Cocco, C. Labanti)

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The Silicon TrackerThe Silicon Tracker

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The AGILE TRKThe AGILE TRK

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The CsI Mini-CalorimeterThe CsI Mini-Calorimeter

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SuperAGILE X-ray detectorSuperAGILE X-ray detector

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On Board AGILE TriggerOn Board AGILE Trigger

BURST-GRB SEARCH-SA IMAGEDECONVOLUTION

TELEMETRY

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PerformancePerformance

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Si Self Trigger and FoVSi Self Trigger and FoV

AGILE gamma-ray sky

3C 454.3

Cygnus region

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Analog readout and PSFAnalog readout and PSF

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Sriharikota launch base (India)

PSLV-C8 launch, April 23, 2007

The AGILE launchThe AGILE launch

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AGILE in orbitAGILE in orbit

F.Longo et al. -- 25On Orbit Trigger RatesOn Orbit Trigger Rates

AGILE in orbitAGILE in orbit

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Fotoni a terra e in volo - II

First gamma-ray detected in orbit with the nominal GRID trigger configuration (May 10, 2007)

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First LightFirst Light

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September 28, 2007

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AGILE data flow at ASDCAGILE data flow at ASDCData pre-processing

Level-1 data

Level-2 data

GRID QLA Super-A QLA

QLA results available to the

communityGRID Standard

AnalysisSuper-A Standard

Analysis

Standard X-ray/gamma-rayimaging/spectral/timing data

Super-A standard monitoring

results available to thecommunity

GOP

AGILE missionAGILE mission

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The AGILE skyThe AGILE sky

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AGILE sourcesAGILE sources

Pittori et al. 2009

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Challenge # 1 – AGNChallenge # 1 – AGN

Donnarumma et al. 2009

Joint campaign with MAGIC and Joint campaign with MAGIC and VERITAS on Mkn 421VERITAS on Mkn 421

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Challenge # 2 – PulsarChallenge # 2 – Pulsar

Pellizzoni et al. 2009

High Precision High Precision Timing (eg. Timing (eg. Crab PSR)Crab PSR)

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Challenge # 3 – GRB Challenge # 3 – GRB

Giuliani et al. 2008

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Challenge # 4 – UnidentifiedChallenge # 4 – Unidentified

Chen et al. 2011

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AGILE two lifesAGILE two lifes

pointing- AGILE

spinning-AGILE

time period Jul.07 – Oct.09 Nov. 2010 -

attitude fixed variable

(spinning, 1º/sec)

sky coverage 1/5 ~ 70%

source livetime fraction

~ 0.5 ~ 0.2

1-day exposure (30 degree off-axis, 100 MeV)

~ 2 107 (cm2 sec)

(0.5-1) 107 (cm2 sec)

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Key AGILE resultsKey AGILE results

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Terrestrial Gamma Ray FlashesTerrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes

Marisaldi et al. 2010

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Terrestrial Gamma-ray FlashesTerrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes

Marisaldi et al. 2010

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Supernova RemnantsSupernova Remnants

Giuliani et al. 2010

Tavani et al. 2010

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SNR W44SNR W44

Giuliani et al. 2011

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SNR W44SNR W44

Giuliani et al. 2011

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Low Energy PulsarsLow Energy Pulsars

Pilia et al. 2011

PSR B1509-58

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Pulsar Wind NebulaePulsar Wind Nebulae

Pellizzoni et al. 2010

Vela X PWN

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The Flaring 3C454.3The Flaring 3C454.3

Vercellone et al. 2010

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Blazar 3C454.3Blazar 3C454.3

Vercellone et al. 2011

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Gamma Ray BurstsGamma Ray Bursts

GRB 100724B GRB 090510

Del Monte et al. 2011

Giuliani et al. 2010

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Upper limits in GRBUpper limits in GRB

Longo et al. 2012

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Galactic Transients: Cygnus X3Galactic Transients: Cygnus X3

Tavani et al. 2009

AGILE discovery of transient gamma-ray emission from Cygnus X-3

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Galactic Transients: The Flaring CrabGalactic Transients: The Flaring Crab

Tavani et al. 2011

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The Flaring CrabThe Flaring Crab

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The Bruno Rossi Prize in High Energy Astrophysics awarded by AAS to astrophysicist Marco Tavani and the AGILE Team for the discovery of gamma-ray flares from the Crab Nebula (January 10, 2012).

Bruno B. Rossi

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Where to find data? Where to find data?

http://agile.asdc.asi.it/

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ConclusionsConclusions

• AGILE crucial contributions to testing particle acceleration theories, plasma instabilities in the Universe and on the Earth !– Big surprise: discovery of gamma-ray flares from the

Crab Nebula: 2012 Bruno Rossi Prize– Origin of cosmic rays, SNR W44, first direct evidence of

neutral pion emission– Relativistic jets in microquasars and blazars– Gamma-ray emission up to 100 MeV from Terrestrial

Gamma-Ray Flashes