Agenda: What were the causes and effects/impact of the Scientific Revolution? Do Now: Create a two-column chart headed Magical and Scientific. In one column write words that describe how people throughout this era believed in magic tried to learn about nature. Column one: Alchemy, astrology, ancient texts – studied the classics, the works of famous Greek and Roman scholars. In the other column write words describing how scientists learn about nature.
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Agenda: What were the causes and effects/impact of the Scientific Revolution? Do Now: Create a two-column chart headed Magical and Scientific. In one column.
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Agenda: What were the causes and effects/impact of the Scientific Revolution?
Do Now:Create a two-column chart headed Magical and Scientific. In one column write words that describe how people throughout this era believed in magic tried to learn about nature.
Column one: Alchemy, astrology, ancient texts – studied the classics, the works of famous Greek and Roman scholars.
In the other column write words describing how scientists learn about nature.
OR: See the next page/or might you have another suggestion?
Name the causes of the Scientific Revolution. Create a web diagram – similar to the one on the board. Explain how each cause contributed to the Scientific Revolution.
OBJECTIVE 1
Causes of the Scientific Revolution
We are in the midst of a computer, technological, and information age; with that notion in mind, students are asked to create a two-column chart headed Pre-computer/technological age and Impact of technological age [present era]. As you write, all are asked to think about:
• What changed? • Possible reason(s) for change - necessity?
Why? • Long term impact of the changes
Pre-Technological age
Impact of technological age
HUMANISMBelief in the individual
Believed people should be well-
rounded and study many subjectsReflected
in Science
and Religion
Religion:
Humanists want evidence to support religious beliefs
Science:
Use direct observation to explain the world around them.
Would you rather be told about life or
experience it yourself?
Charting Scientific Breakthroughs
The Scientific RevolutionRenaissance
All information taken from History Alive!
Scientific RevolutionThis activity will allow you to learn about five men from the Renaissance who challenged traditional beliefs about science and helped usher in the period known as the Scientific Revolution, which emphasized careful observation of the natural world. Remember, their work was not always well-received by the Church or by those people who held traditional views. These men took risks in the name of knowledge.
William Harvey
Nicolaus Copernicus
AndreasVesalius
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
During this activity you will learn about the contributions each of these men made to science, still affecting us today.
Overview of ActivityYOU WILL NEED: WHAT YOU WILL DO:
Student Handout 4.1A: Flowchart on Scientific Breakthroughs (1 per group)• Tape together
One set of information cards
Read the clues provided on each of the flow-charts below.
Read the information cards.
Place them on the flow chart where you think they belong.
Example: Nicolaus Copernicus
The earth and other planets revolve around the sun.
Scientists Daring Idea
Traditional Belief Before Scientific Revolution
NicolausCopernicus(1473-1543)
Helpful hints to complete your flow chart:1. Take a look at Nicolaus Copernicus, for example.2. Notice his daring idea, already in place.3. Read through your information cards to locate cards
that talk about “earth” , “sun” or “planets”.4. Try to figure out where the cards go to complete the
flow chart for Nicolaus Copernicus.5. Using this method complete the flow chart for all 5
scientists.
Scientist’s Observations
Reaction from Community
Lasting Impact
The earth is at the center of the universe. It stays fixed in a permanent place, with the sun and the planets revolving around it.
Spent years mapping the locations of the planets, using complex mathematical calculations.
His ideas were rejected by most people, many of whom claimed that it would take more than mathematics to explain how the planets moved.
His theory (idea) provided the foundation for the modern science of astronomy (the study of planets).
Nicolaus Copernicus is considered the founder of modern astronomy. In his most famous work, De revolutionaibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres), he introduced his heliocentric hypothesis: that the earth was one of several heavenly bodies that, turning on their axes, all revolve around the sun. Although challenged by many other scholars at first, his ideas eventually revolutionized Europe’s conception of the universe. Copernicus’ book was also an indispensable prologue to the scientific discoveries of Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton.
William Harvey was an English doctor and teacher. He was the first to correctly describe and prove that blood circulates through the body and that the heart is responsible for pumping blood. Harvey’s renowned book An Anatomical Treatise on the Movement of the Heart and Blood in Animals, published in 1628, has been called the most important book in the basic understanding it provides of how the human body works.
With his monumental work, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Structure of the Human Body), the Flemish physician and anatomist Andreas Vesalius brought innovation to the study of human anatomy that had been dormant for more than 1,500 years. His observations challenged the works of Galen, a second-century physician whose theories, based on the dissection of animals, were widely believed. Vesalius’s work also established the principle that scientific knowledge is found by observing nature, not by reading and thinking about ancient books. His Fabrica recorded the first sizable body of scientific observation since ancient times, and its publication marked the dawn of modern science.
Only through precise observation can one determine what celestial bodies are made of.
Scientists Daring Idea
Traditional Belief Before Scientific Revolution
Galileo Galilei(1564-1652)
Scientist’s Observations
Reaction from Community
Lasting Impact
Celestial bodies(the moon, planets, and stars) are perfect spheres made of ether (a type of gas)
Church officials refused to accept his claims. Some claimed that what appeared in the lens of the telescope were optical illusions.
Invention of the telescope led to a series of important astronomical discoveries: Jupiter had moons, the sun had large spots, visual proof that the earth revolved around the sun.
Used personally built telescope and observed that the moon was not smooth, but had numerous craters and high mountains.
Galileo Galilei of Italy is considered one of the most influential scientists in Western history. He is renowned for scientific discoveries such as the law of inertia, his invention of the telescope, his astronomical observations, and for his genius in proving the Copernican hypothesis. Perhaps his greatest legacy, however, is his perfections of the scientific method. Galileo’s emphasis on careful, quantitative measurements continues to be a basic feature of scientific research.
Isaac Newton of England is considered the greatest and most influential scientist in history. Newton made major contributions to the understanding of motion, gravity, heat, and light. He is said to have discovered the principle of gravity when he saw an apple fall to the ground at the same time that the moon was visible in the sky. He described this theory and many others in his Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Newton also created a system of advanced mathematics called calculus.
Rank the Scientists from Least Influential to Most
Influential1. You will need a pencil.2. With your group decide
which scientist had the greatest impact on science today.
3. Share with the class as asked by your teacher.
Paper Plate AssignmentWHAT YOU WILL NEED: WHAT YOU WILL DO:
1 Paper Plate Pencil Colored Pencils or
Crayons Scientists Handout Protractor Calculator
Using the handout about the 5 scientists we have studied from the Scientific Revolution order them from least influential to most influential by numbering them 1-5.
Decide how much influence (in percentages) each scientist had on the Renaissance and today.
Create a pie chart. • Divide the pie chart into 5 sections of
varying sizes to represent the percentage of influence each scientist had on the Renaissance.
Write a paragraph that explains who you picked as the most influential scientist and explain how his discoveries still impact us today. In other words give evidence that shows the scientist’s impact on today’s world.
Paper Plate AssignmentEXAMPLE OF PIE CHART (FRONT OF PAPER PLATE)
EXAMPLE OF PARAGRAPH (BACK OF PAPER PLATE)
I think __________________ is the most influential scientist because… (Give evidence from the handout and from present-day examples.)
Your paragraph should be approximately 8-10 sentences.
Pigs8%
Dogs17%
Cows30%
Horses28%
Giraffes17%
Favorite Animals
Paper Plate AssignmentBACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE WHAT YOU WILL DO:
You have learned how to create pie charts (circle graphs) in your Science class. I expect you to use those skills while you are in this class.
To the right is a review of what you learned in science about making pie charts (circle graphs).
Turn your percent into a decimal. (50% =.50;
75% = .75) Take the decimal and
multiply it by 360 to get a degree ( .50 * 360 = 180 ;
.07 * 360 = 25 ) All degrees should add
up to 360. Use your protractor!
Paper Plate AssignmentHOW YOU WILL BE GRADED: WHEN YOU FINISH:
___/2 Name on back of paper plate.
___/5 Created a pie chart where percentages add
up to 100% ____/2 Includes a title for your chart. ___/10 Each section of the pie chart
is labeled with one scientist’s name and their percentage of influence
___/15 Paragraph is typed on the back of the paper plate and includes evidence.
___/2 Each section is colored a different color and names/percentages are easy to read.
_____/36 _____%
PROJECT GRADE
Staple the rubric to the front of your paper plate.