AGENDA Review Sunni/Shia split 9.2 Reading Quiz Golden Age Questions Start Studyguide Homework: Completed studyguide due next class Islam.

AGENDAReview Sunni/Shia split9.2 Reading QuizGolden Age QuestionsStart Studyguide

Homework: Completed studyguide due next class Islam Test Monday, 12/21

ISLAM December. 2015Ms. Costas & Ms. MarinoWorld History I

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSHow did Islam grow out of Mecca?What are the principle teachings of Islam?How was Islam both a religion and a political entity?How did the expansion of empires contribute to the

spread of Islam?What led to different sects of Islam?What achievements were made by the Islamic

Empires?

ISLAM AT A GLANCEMonotheistic Allah (“God” in Arabic)Sacred text: Qur’anFollowers of Islam: MuslimMany different branches of Islam

LIFE ON THE ARABIAN PENINSULAHarsh land, vast desert Occupied by bedouins = nomadsTrade routes converged at A.P. Rise in merchant townsMecca = merchant town Trade center Religious function KaabaoPolytheistic center of worship

LIFE OF MUHAMMADMuhammad was born in 570 CE in Mecca Worked as a merchant Married at 25Unhappy with greed and corruption in

society 610 CE: He is meditating, has revelation from

Angel GabrieloSpeaks messages from Allah

Muhammad determines he is the prophet

MUHAMMAD’S TEACHINGSReceives many messages Written down = Qur’anPreaches God’s words, gains following Criticized worship of pagan gods; Allah was only

true godMuhammad was seen as a threat to

authorities His safety is in jeopardy

MUHAMMAD’S TEACHINGS622 CE: Muhammad flees to Medina Journey known as HijraoBecomes first year of Islamic calendar

Builds followers, faith is known as IslamMeccans fought Muhammad’s followers By 630 CE Muhammad controlled Mecca

PRINCIPLE BELIEFS OF ISLAMThe revelations Muhammad received were

transcribed into the Qur’an Sacred text of IslamBelieved that only in Arabic can one

understand the full meaning and beauty of the text

THE QUR’AN’S LAWSFive Pillars of Islam 1st Pillar - Shahada 2nd Pillar - Salat 3rd Pillar - Zakat 4th Pillar - Sawm 5th Pillar - Hajj

FIVE PILLARS POSTERIn groups, you will create a poster for one of

the five pillars of IslamYour poster should include: Explanation of the PillaroMeaning/SignificanceoTraditions/Rituals

Picture/Illustration Neatly – with good qualityPosters will be presented

THE SPREAD OF ISLAM

December 2015Ms. Costas & Ms. MarinoWorld History I

WHO SHOULD SUCCEED MUHAMMAD?After the death of Muhammad: Why was determining a successor to Muhammad

such a difficult problem for the early Muslim community?

Explain the different claims of legitimacy made by Ali and Abu Bakr.

What separated the Sunni and Shi’ite Muslims?

CONFLICT RECAP:SUNNI

1. Abu Bakr2. Umar3. Uthman (Umayyad clan)5. Mu’awiya (Umayyad clan)6. Yazid (Umayyad clan)

Successor to Muhammad: Caliph

SHI’ITE

4. Ali “7”. Husayn (Muhammad’s Grandson)

Successor to Muhammad: Imam

DIVISION IN ISLAMSunni Muslims – “way of the Prophet” Collective wisdom of the community Imams are prayer leadersShi’ite Muslims – “party of Ali” Leader should be relative of Muhammad Imams interpret religious issues & can take on

political roles – “true successors to Muhammad”

DIVISIONS IN ISLAMSufis – mystical/ascetic sect of Islam Reaction to worldliness of Umayyads ** Can be Sunni or Shi’ite Focused on personal relationship with God over

rituals and outward practices – perfect worship This can involve meditation, breathing exercises,

music, and dancing

WHAT IS AN EMPIRE?Empire: a major political unit having a territory of

great extent or a number of territories or people under a single sovereign authority

Characteristics of Empires: Large territory Actively looking to expand and conquer Cultural pluralism – diversity in people, ethnicity, religion,

etc., within its borders Centralized governmentCaliphate: the Islamic Empire’s territory

UMAYYADS (680 – 750)Sunni MuslimsCapital = DamascusEmpire stretched from India to Spain, including

North Africa and Middle EastCannot conquer ByzantinesNo forced conversions – social rankings according to: Muslims Christians & Jews Everyone else

UMAYYAD'S – WHY SO SUCCESSFUL?Nomadic society – mobile and skilled at

fighting on the moveDirecting aggression outward reduced old

tribal conflictsAnything gained from conquest divided

equally among community“Allah is on our side in battle” – converts

non-believers in Arab community

WHY CONVERT?Political and financial benefitsInter-marriageMuslims cannot enslave other MuslimsEasy to follow – most could perform 4 of the

5 Pillars of FaithSalvation & brotherhood

ABBASIDS (750 – 935)Coup by the Abbasid clan and other Umayyad

enemiesCulture expands Capital = Bagdhad Many more converts Trade & Scientific achievementsDecline – decadence of caliph and out of touch

with populationTrouble spots in empire lead to rebellionSmaller groups take control – “empire” not united

END OF UNITY