Virus & Bacteria Agenda : •Notes: Bacteria •Activity: Human vs. Bacteria •Activity: Summary and Comic Strip • QUIZ: VIRUSES AND BACTERIA!! Homework: •Small Bacteria Big Trouble Worksheet due Friday 5/1/2015 for 15 Points Wednesday/Thursday 4/29-4/30/2015
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Agenda: Notes: Bacteria Activity: Human vs. Bacteria Activity: Summary and Comic Strip QUIZ: VIRUSES AND BACTERIA!! Homework: Small Bacteria Big Trouble.
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Virus & BacteriaAgenda:• Notes: Bacteria• Activity: Human vs. Bacteria • Activity: Summary and Comic Strip• QUIZ: VIRUSES AND BACTERIA!!
• The bacteria discussed in this unit are organisms that are composed from the kingdom Eubacteria, domain Bacteria and the kingdom Archaebacteria, domain Archaea.
Good Bacteria Bacteria is known for causing us to feel sick, form diseases and
spoil food…so, what are the benefits of bacteria???
1. Food & Chemical Production: Many processed food are made by bacteria!Example: Swiss cheese, pickles, olives, vinegar and sourdough bread.Example: A bacterium clostridium produces acetone & butanol.
2. Mining & environmental use: Powders containing petroleum-metabolizing bacteria are used in the clean up of oil spills, aiding in carbon and nitrogen cycles
Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cause food poisoning.
Helicobacter pylori cause gastritis and ulcers.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea.
Neisseria meningitidis causes meningitis.
Staphylococcus aureus causes a variety of infections in the body, including boils, cellulitis, abscesses, wound infections, toxic shock syndrome, pneumonia, and food poisoning
Streptococcal bacteria cause a variety of infections in the body, including pneumonia, meningitis, ear infections, and strep throat.
CONCLUSION: The fungus growing in the petri dish secreted a substance killing the bacteria.Alexander Fleming later isolated the substance and named it Penicillin.
TODAY: Penicillin is effective in treating bacterial diseases such as pneumonia.
How do doctors knowwhich antibiotic to use for
a bacterial infection?
Using antibiotics• Antibiotics are made to interfere with a cellular processes,
viruses have NO cellular process.• Antibiotics are NOT effective against viruses.• Antibiotics can be found in nature or chemically imitated. Examples:Garlic, echinacea, Pau D’Arco or Manuka Honey
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria• Over the years, some bacteria has evolved to become
resistant to antibiotics, allowing it to survive, reproduce & pass on their resistant traits.
Antibiotic resistance is a type of mutation; an error in bacterial DNABacteria will multiply VERY rapidly. A bacterial infection can double its population in as little as 20 minutes.
An antibiotic resistant mutation is an advantage, allowing it to quickly spread its population.
Disease Pathogen Vector/Reservoir EpidemiologyAnthrax Bacillus anthracis Animals, including Bacterial infection that can be transmitted through processed skins contact or ingested. Rare except in sporadic outbreaks. May be fatal.
Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis Humans, STD Urogenital infections with possible spread to eyes and respiratory tract. Occurs worldwide; increasingly common over past 20 years.
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Human feces, plankton Causes severe diarrhea that can lead to death by dehydration; 50% peak mortality if the disease goes untreated. A major killer in times of crowding and poor sanitation; over 100,000 died in Rwanda in 1994 during a cholera outbreak.
Lyme disease Borrelia bergdorferi Ticks, deer, small rodents Spread through bite of infected tick. Lesion followed by malaise, fever, fatigue, pain, stiff neck, and headache.
Typhus Rickettsia typhi Lice, rat fleas, humans Historically a major killer in times of crowding and poor sanitation; transmitted from human to human through the bite of infected lice and fleas. Typhus has a peak untreated mortality rate of 70%.
Attackers hurled dead horses and other animals by catapult at the castle of Thun L'Eveque in Hainault, in what is now northern France. The defenders reported that "the stink and the air were so abominable...they could not long endure" and negotiated a truce.
• 1422At Karlstein in Bohemia, attacking forces launched the decaying cadavers of men killed in battle over the castle walls. They also stockpiled animal manure in the hope of spreading illness. Yet the defense held fast, and the siege was abandoned after five months.