AGENCY FOR INTERN ATIONAL EVELOPMENT ''FOR AID Cf INPUT

AGENCY FOR INTERN ATIONAL Cf ~WASHN-GTON 0 C253

CBIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT

EVELOPMENT

SHEET

FOR AID USE ONLY

$2 rITLE AND SUBTITLEgt 1

Malaria eradication what it has achieved

3 AUTHOR(S)

JononDR 4 DOCUMENT DATE

1969 7 REFERENCE ORGANIZATION

HEWPHS

NAME AN

5NUMBER OF PAE

liP DRS -----

ARC

ARC

NUMBER

614532J66a

9 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (Sponsoring Organization Publisarm Availablity)(InMosquito newsv29no4p523-532) i

C9ABSTRACT RD

12 DECITR 13 PRJC NUBE

14 COTRACTNUMBE

CAID 5goI (4-74)

15

PASA RA(HP1)-7-OO Res TYPE OF DOCUMENT

21 1

P-1W333 and Prce-dn- (if 251h U lllll tlt

3 3 ~V~3 3 ~ 3f33p 4 343~656 343

8 MALARIA3 EIAIAIN WHA IT HA 731 AC33I

33 ~~ION33 313 L it3 3l33

fe h otl Id a e(f tls--3C Wrl Oily lk h p U3 4~333 333 4 3 4 ~ 44lt ~ pjjih okli 3rb ~~ f333333~-m l 11031 -Wi 11 -1iIh( NC333 -33slaves-33ltbr o3333ug34L 33 34 3 3aria 333

33~ 33 t-~ I3 o33- 3-m3laria 3 3~3 3 ma coit3Ohew 3ll lli has33 lltoll wil 3- l Ihe Ilc ill Nkgt3~ ~3h 15263 saprri th glba imi3i 3at Cnp 3~lcain Rivt Nort Ii 33Fea it C (d i 33 j111pe33] t tlk 11 43slu lt i stil a+33 il b o li3 lit doi3 i~ v

3ll 3OWL~ In33futj of th worlds ludli plv3ci at Hi n o111ioul s Or A333o(a l 33ilol hv jl~lte h dsae t h343 968)3 of~3 Vce3ca reenl n im ((s n ilpplaill h 1l 33Nvo33 llaa3 3343l bc~3n cooAI lgi nuim to333let -l-

-it the preen iini nn m l~ll~l o (o - ll tlso 33

touletc tle tij ric Ii 1Si isso Nof i ~ofri ra 1 No iti cc ib r IoI]

3cln dcod lc c l co n r v the id - ils l a

h A(octa rel at iheii [deend e of e Po homat Wiy knv lI ma- k eoloilit ha beeinnrariico t smhrnughontcn cuvieedbyl r ticIr33 ( 3Nf i Ic shii i toe fet o

131

rmow11lgiss lrj r inrdo celn f aC d11t AI li C Reim i edl t I en as quo te(lices) vivdl e-sibii recently s1935-190c pjinio1 w nis lhV iidinnri~ effct ofdinnhira irom a one pcdl~jien i o th cimiorc theJ mcinnici hwol-

ai iie i thcy untilnnew renkthrmgl i nhhporhtnit and has Iwbeivmdi fie

cat n c nit i our on cIi at SlIii frgmi admosstrl lo t il~t rd BdIC

nimilnrn ar~mmeuitnr hue l nt~ lVIiIILllgw1u Toi geli~ foud hleIli ntl craysiins1greattio rehA lul for tet hril dee oMC1 of

Probleillst mu d~Ctered ndee (Nl w a of ile l ltiWoI len1col le ~ fI 11 hlicrss uie o icivJ~iVt~ l T hei Ic) ill SCt-ic Iitltlioclr tinl IiSIvnh 1h5 w iI11Iir NI- IIIdpm nly99k s( ilinIn inl Wn~tf resis~tac Gtor6 -oninlt XV lilli m (is p sliintel it lroill di lTis wa isc i lie Agc~nc t tjSl~S-i iiiicied II I uh fr~~i~ 5 1urcmim ml M viS tts J 11111ti er al t tchtlitt r- )I setijic Sin n ic limb on ill I lilillii

cdiiiiimsrntme s 1I ic(dIullI s t (lifinv lCi so II 3ltiaiiliiislcilt~iii t~gS

52 OQIONW O2N-4

irPa-radolxicali includes lu~iltsh t inn henoted ill raIi7 that from~ifert76ilei hinds ith Igit iva ineal asi s 6 ml ionIi toiihof

oils+-pi1 tcdie1e7-I-Ndive t vary7f7Ti77ing o deres - whdicalgly n i i l ri(ion conslidioniil ue rde(veloel t h i crse ofoStTnmillltion rilot

reTource people- These sami-e areas also have I rich fauna of miany species of inopheline vectors nd the himan popuiilai

tion freqilucitly is host to the nialariaiitroiisliitted bypara s ites- tIllit are Ilic~se

Paiiglis have done Intuh to change thisbleak pictulre -- i i l o PRoTI -

IoN h re lie mnyIiwasto ieasilre of- nlarira

prograi lThv i t asily measured paraincl r is dtlitishving the mitiltmr of per

Sois potectcd ill the toriruits liop l _

phases Table I compares the 2962 sulil-martznitioti of World lealth Olga izii

e ndlneliilts craIicotioi

xa ( I()) ilaa (WI IC) ol I 18) 6i) S

6 r19hTaf67 l i(68 Froilwh~ithc l

10 2 to i th total n arae tll rili p- oioll( hld riseli hvJoptil llllill 1 l)iillion dil to a cminh at ion of iore ac-

_i reporthi ig timlarimil areas poi)tl] icircases

ciratl Iltter Ild lihiitation omf iltd pulat

Of thle 27 billionl lirsths ill I968living i arcas ocC conidered ilalariOlls 135 bili were receiving some degree of protection rangitg froi cotnpIhte clihnia tion i ( alin eltice phaie colt1nti) to -val Ies PIroperly ofteni increases iti vltic -otreas wI tre I)MT house sp ra yintg aII(ml areas of li ighi maJj~Ina incidence aftertoithier ant 1iI0s( ilto andor atinLint wvork was il progres (consolidation olid

iirrsitc

ittck Piases Clm ISsl 3 ) ihefact that Ilis nlatV peopile were

otetled ag illt imlaria ais reporilcI byWHO (rq69) attests to the enoinity of the camlpaign md its remarka h le tltiCVc Il nlts Eve i h l 12il hilion have the (c tt1 5) t1(1 357 itoilli eiitered ipi paratory phase

11 i i iOlil still avle no prograti whatsoever (column6) repleseltilg tIoobind total Of 215

percent of the inlariots areas Theset-fortunatcly inclhde people liviig ill sowe of the I1(t dilhicult areas of thle worldind for sonie there appears to berIMtZhicf inl sighit (file to Inck of avilable i esoitrccs -sites

atiak phase Thie changes iniargepart

ire duc to tie Indiaaid ceylon programshitesc

serious ieversas took place with inshy

adept ite maicitticie mneasures c6ntributshyiln toll ic recr u-hdmTence of mailar~ia fln1 I cent

resonrees to other pirograms~ also contribshytd tIo the subsequeit reversions of some

10 Millil l s to attack li se frolshyeither ciinsolitid or na ini ce p lws-cs

Ceylon the r tiationi Pro ratinal gra n as d6sconihi4cd illo61 after aowof OlIy 17 cases wIs cporled in tiO The vnasc- rate graduaIlly built Il) itil solic 3-1O0 cases were reported ill ij07 In

q68 mn oitircak of all esti nated one tm ill ion cases occi rcd TheWst have Iee bhitter midcl expeiiv lessons for thes count r hItalso is warning to all coun432litries lii tvigiliiiCC IItIStlil t be reshyla7d as long is tlie danger of nalaria exists

R llATIi SHl 1 1+Co s

l

(ItOWTIIlll IPc

Ti mll inall1 of tnalaria frequelntly reshystits ill coni in iic growthI t1ilili iay lie CxN press in variouway-S One index frlequely vsed is tie dliwilge -in land

tmaliria is eliw n hliimost feitile I llat

batot lands with rich agricutiural

tnit mil lso frequently have conditions very coindutclive to iilioiiheline brded i tld 1ilaria Irlismn iss ion I tie Csptan Sa bull

atca of Iran Iong notorious for its high jprevtnce of malaria iiialari was lii

nated 11( -li e (ickly crarea hecatinie desiraille fo resorts Lnild vailues booinli ll I opi ma haar was cotntrolled i L

scetioti of te cotttry preiously votied he+ti 1 of(I eICIhigh ptlelcC o malaria

Apiihid altts iicrmised trelendic slyl_i W ti the -inie of bietter halth

-thlrotig IltCI llatti oIf malaria one( of tie a ncciti- precedent to aI stroim ecollntis is t let nI ecottoniii eniterprise w CvClopnilitt of a tuhbe r plattia

I I -

lt

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og q

lt

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g

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j 4

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t

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+

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-+

44-

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44

34 J4

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-

+7

-

+ lt

+ 5

+444 +

444

44

-gt

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gt

2 V

44

4

gt4

44

g4 44

44

gt

gt

4

1

4 4

4

44

-4

44

gt

544

bull

Lbull

bull

7

4444

44

4 bull

4444

-a

-4 4 4

4 4 4 4

4

4 -

-4

+

+

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4

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4

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44 4-4

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444

pa ast 1 1 ol shy

ll i fi + i te if n thei pop i 1 andIffl Ni ve h gt

Sumliatu or l lol i in Ail~a th iiducii il +~i la i~i 1 require a heath i t-rtstaf if afidilli- doubled hill fiv r d athriing 3i iStijtiir5+ tMllc iil d liborrs Ma iafarm ~icom i deveop- Avu tyiii~ rirklt+

cain qickl de im tile enire stalf I-Ki so imd G illiiJ estimate d o f moiire

ii i n o n imilinTher efor e befor such t u k~i 15 +

w r ay i ll~l l

i+icuiltul~ hoiut L hlmid~ th iv s s ho g t tn e o to 11 hecao m alari r tiecnI+r to1 iot

-acofltliilliitiol q ani

fuletd mpe l i maaiu r L w rest ou

( i t ti-loio lf T1101 p+rlillia l omJ thatiltl( +

con id mtilm h a ii tbe Imtilt i delow (1 o tops ill Tai

+ Lf v r w r ec ontrolle d m p C 1 1 m hi11rL lt W X)i 1Io erc d l +

l+times Old t ri l o rld sulT o verm +l

oni fm Cscs less MT) shy lit l d in- li r tuis witlh ouIr jo o cadilh s a nd llimim

bull~~ ~+ ~ ~~ cs buit ire rc tcd lhere- soooo of lim aria in lthan-wol

t tIl hdlA~ ~l (ur lhe

L - - l ivaicd lhc c t~ o f hig h i c lwcmc of + sub cgucitl c l mlla til l gt of l il ria i~d suchtL r smrs]uy lla1I I r

i i o - were it Ind be c a o

before maia wo tconsiolerdir (Sm n ssith ilrlIia liiakirsdatau i 4llM lal th 195o) fetlies(ttr ceoe her hann i victries s burdeRd tl i as s i ci waI tf id Iri vs brooii baic ll tcs ata- il o io an mal i i-opuhtlat

tilt cco (i a c|trtWC t1d~ Iim4 tliih0l rom h wotild hll + VJIa

i l u t av ngfi ntier~d t ould~ lfdo diiC01hlith HiMI)MC t i e- il iic t nbl+J-ai booi r- ati d i ao trcn w or s ofaraut c ha dlopst lrkar ollh lls v V t d ifilCt l +tit t fL it Were ~ mo he remmi-ir hrwc PcolilCl~ ~ ~I sltmgti~cI ctl tha ia migrate+

t in mic lIIICI1ierd i lccai it isi t c s hlls rd t fms arers- bullon0f o n c lral I~ili sef Merely i nga wawthNiweli~ i Imilrit hi lihe 6s mp w r itdll

cnti~iciaai ti icl ce knt r ma cdaotf s ril ad ia to iill midllor were

a IiCiir tIt rlt for t a ithire pletaidla iota I) i lo trhas ife illli r of l us ire a at siarcrtd r oairh i orflanil)diihl antaitc h rcatto w icat is airmerishy

o nomia ro id i impo ocrat i ic i t |oe ib ni c tft hh alhaiit tdlt h vabe aiielio IIY rtanr 10

a Vt ienht ahe aoacthrcuae of io il a lerin edan ho t imin

i o Si h e+ i o alyfic le iosnor rI il arlea 5lhl~twisi e r l engendi++ m itl hcip i 0l tr s id 1 4

Il Wi a lleyt cr de ibull S+ +i aii n trn ii I iiai Stape l pll love i dr~ithNeigt ii Iaandi o nf i+ -Sh iolrilc significac e ofil~ i mlintin sl~ bull s ay igo ouse o attl 1b ly sian|t| riota re a oftli |ml111 iill iS 11 y a+s ta~t||ttct aaiIeL

) V h t a i nl|i acu ll +mnin n c iit v alt le

i O ne ti ien agea 5 ofnroo iiin amtallr17 be lit setl yeti llo ti ili r00 s and a Ih

vaaict of e ad a~ sii f tiangl i i iliacrt hic +Is(|i thw antarod iurd c ofalnIn

rit laindtryb hrd i liteds rep orte bii i aytl i anrd fi sesl of r n a s vewcrcih r i l lla mig indiwll iaimsIg ia seroWairCItr s r1h tCoIone el eMvrely 14thaidfailanhf al fr liai ver11

ar i progrlle liar inl ley staoteii ++ + aaliirai ala d o aa iabatel h rei i eai brosl froaatic iriitiiatif ac c a iaiial m +bull~~ +laIrh Irta Vimiadi f a h is1 lrt1i v-=iiisitaril lltily a qudlitdirhentof t+lhef+oo ll 1 aitishaaalan~llrdl si ll l thCSlI 0010t a h tra lan ile r tc atallatia tol ile frSii + I aiausp~be raii nbe1cdo L lint~ rel g ai rtcu valwaY Wtsa]itsatedt r t - kii~y a lea rc+rstce el o i tioai Ii etracy islin lriviwric~tie c

+ rops r d cid taavetil at r 501)1-

i bulli aay al( t iaa)proveltheIceoiaoniy ItalJ 1a6tiaemel th l ia alta how anse a a redly lcaliiiof i lii i lll I itinV t l I n

aenia lit i10iitio- I I

gtti+ ii ac p pl a ai a I al la c plao ny ii iastl pco utliv aii (I work ita+ala alv- o + is

bull 7( i a FlPt7I IRl le_g bull+ 7dth aiap +3tlL t - hcent uia i 1i++bull + fi+21lt bascL+-tI onArft ii I I ililt at1 us-

Chci i~lii- )

-

4i 1969 Mosnwro Ntw -direct OfTects was responsible for soic 2 the lirost part s w rlm stor bm tcillion (Ieilihs am1onI 001 million cases lie pci forns i personal service fr ca-liI111110III)11hill ndia itl II iA IlJe Spraiv tile ltit c Ilie dJi5The (ACoIMCt Ofn n ul i I in its VoIi Ie U ann aI rt dr Accurdi iig IiFIve i ar Plan o i (5q8) staites thait iwaliathldlDDt Il I spr iyinlug l ei 95 lias cat rt out pei Ilent benefitItat iiilr wa aI Iau tii has ever bieen apparent to villagers ThroughIcis (if 7 Ibil 1o0u riuees anna (liteto otc to lLIJ winantiins of tlie world thle tijiaIa iiiIlless of i l ton people Cctne n eaicto rgrn sIiv i 1 elgiit75endo) crdc llliogrleavce i~cs g n lkO thasIis ol w i idos hwecost I or ic eof lut Ll t r i I niehe o h

i in ttli

I as a result of tli nat io bullL m pf w

e I5e ornIlIen l

as CUnt 15Lmillion L0IARM Ii lI iNI i -s 1)evrhaps less

kIlown biut trciunIdOtISI) imuportant areSOtIlC 01 till aliirVV beneII1tS dvrivicd fioni tle i m tiri ern icni ion ciforills of nations

1 I ee i idtietliefolowigICt

sl~ilb declcopd

Skills ilitiqtle developed anld people eiilIploed to CarrY onl a wiile irit (ftk Microsci pis muti m hmicld home v ii s

ratlie i nlk ~i(IiiS of initerview i iing9 Te sincl l~l ollowingf blood stl an 1dIIillistiai n (if 1N

were practically nonexistet ill some reasMahirii inlicitihn rcliirvs gcograiliic ef41o tilie llrotigrani qiimcil Ill tilinvk cocitCC(Ii~hIMaiwltehenloe ile rlgra lIi i e triNte vast maiari tr ining prI ranput int ffec Friqle tie the imi nia ing fro 1 l tlhmrlit lofd ciirs s iilycrdice l ip0 ia o l rdesssei lll ri L hls hr to a la I co lises il Cl idere alls~thi cvk(ifies re t1 i1strcmoli-c of inliilia Imv ~y it-ti-clo pcd i ihrge

e r tllt e ( l( rc n~est riVi fc ~

ara S iAkwis 11ttclik (if hiitii Po Iitilttt of traield Ii-Stit l 1 Illilligliillatioin of Ilhiirii areas kst1hCliti accl thlt skillk are huit () lit ill tliLlt ri-1Mliolate an~d I-todate citSu avaiilalhle ill 1n0iaNs grainl niv(If tile liriiucl perSotis flotonlycouIt Ie-s Thuls thec program hasiic-Nil i advance toihigher poisitions in thc inalaria

ag

-i

Teli wlcrc

vinnslv rmu-thea n

n a

Sit ihrsi-

tid Ctetisule lii se Iteen i~iii

in pre

licil i progra m hut a lo are ti li ed a f ergmw

inl othiur prograinms il icey lva ta and ga illeslcI 0ie Uii i sit v tra illi g ofteni isprovidled toi cL1aiCii teltmcan lie 1111111shy

t

beis cmiiij ibsuIarv Iarge Ini Ini a mioreiGoge-1n11et ima~ges Sh (11ih11cd tlaaii NJooo nialhri~t workers stere cmifhefirt atidonlc ntat sn L mr~ I laYcd at uthe Ipeak of tlie- progrioi withIThe firt ad (ill- ontct rim rt il allpro~intlIte I1511iio jtesetitly elolh yiulpeople lIve with t cirgovernme t is tie In Iliti a th tili i pr1nlilgrai liioh-Con ACL With thet ma Iara sti whi-Tovisit the ahl tile i lll rg tet eploI I ~opIh ouseNthrot ghout theco nty rcgi i rly It il file co mitrg Tillefect f tilL ielatiai I arerkable indCeVdl to travel to sonme pro gmraiu in tn it Isof dete1 I skillsiganltlhe mnot inaccessibile hidden arca if I c C 111miitcll if IiocaI Ipetsoti el Iias beciaworld- w olie i it lie inirei ll seI ti11111 sign l t faciiir il ic llaeitI i la tin mgles of the PhilI1iilles rttggeci livlcintainII CC0Sal hess ii tie Hialayas of Nepal Imt clrcd (of miles from iceplle trmi Isor ill Ithle matis branches of tie mightv A 1)I Strii I twi gOt-rIlmr-ll I-shy c ion shiplver--onIl to find the Ihoues ti ti redsIraved iill DDT and visited regut arlv i i er ictioi inmlrats havefor col lectimo of blood slides Whecre there vi~ld corin [(lii liito Slicengt hen Inlare Ipecople I innmlarioiis mrcas the ma tioniihiht zen- ixil iot ig citries orina prugrnm stnf has been there This etse dissegIr iips wtllithn io0imnipted 1) K Vissnsatitlh (etS) to Iidia I Pa ista1n for yeni-s have had frItakeIi statenilnt tll onlIhth collector twut cn ferces tr sode comImn priof taxes atid the malaria worker visit evry Ions of Iil i tr l in+ ii issio t i bolrdershyllioti of India The malaria workLer for areas TiS alsoI 111hI (]one 11- Vi(tIatn11

ro

-

I+ -t) +

- I C + CyCamp 7 I C C + + J

C

5= cent i It bull Hil-im an pop lain of i resspondsw-il l milet

Mal i irti--il tile ij suand lt mim r W hen frecd fo ile

7Anti fimdaia -0irdhinit 0l rd (III six cont rim h]lailandi p~troide I t tt L i- 0 for~siw vc o i tvs is w th th m6 ianiizoiinh Il (- Xuliolf t helr(g

thrTeMhi528ioto Sjurviof

Cihc irian oI IClI iino I lithir i nd kor~ ll Ii5 ro lto tli ~5 ii rili thcj

sbi or my hartohtitd procldd e io to tl~iaforsescr ditIs st sIldi im

op i~i tilie-ac jgnitcl -l owc er tile alsobccolli1m re demaning Diurl i ig thi l 65 visit to K ari~al hIndia w ere a f i -succ~te(d [il t ilari ierodiCt6011 lorogo had 3

ecidiitneic IluIic ite Deputy

riidi layorimi dIn ic cfcti o enih i in ndc sti l thvic i in~centje Wicui ifred fromthc i

lisopenden IPPICO m lof hdcnicit w~rite h m erttt iDepuii m j-iith t

j orgI

idilet I tii

fi i tiec r

liiO rnathdr rdgi tmeahidrc not-wrie of

of s CiU fitID itsi~ rnnillri rcilmr s hadrmimi iln

ntl i I frLII tifi

heei i

It rg i ciii

d p tv

I

idteii caiiotoris w ir itrnal dordcr UD ted ittic and India for th rat iv ichssidernt grolps solictinis v not 1Oieirts thit I i re uoltd inl the chmintioLi

Cincd cetril jovcrnrnt atthorittic in of iii fitirm Kikilt etwet o00to

thili territiry-hut i ria oirikers fr e st y thm (Inc oif timr portant Ic sins that

1cl l tiii req littcd it pr(id t ei r sr li rid Iis pc ie uId rc ci Ilr ii i

vics III Inrdot c ll i i ring tileii jS 1nt16 Ipro itt is that lte iti (i odi sin ri t

gos iri t irtt fores Were JIrn iirig 1rid ar wtiderrca is pussibe-soot i tilirg that cv nt tias l t i m-- pr11g ut cTieivd ptvt iily Now

si tlirtt houses wresult of tlis sicccssfill efort they ere -d itninined to attack other pubic health probhtill h(1 Ii atst could tiese1 ai1shy

5 Il h (tlh IaIfl dIrdICcd I )I liit i I itt ing Ci1 n (l1111dudista 5Vgo

-th

o-

P tripssoni of tile lilost lasting val C il1111)11 (tl6i) stated ith til nahshydcrivcd frimi 11 i d i ogrI ui l Lri t nt trmicac ihniu Ic ci enoU i ily he I be are tI if o mj titi l 1o d itlo1 n Dt rIiIsf irtmc i io a v tclo h-orri disase con of healh prtgri i s l i hen 111 Fool(11fdth116hit ll Tile W I 1 )Ih pert Cum lafia W se cied isI lmitc ir et I h(le tillec ( I Maliart ( 1957) cnidrc d ther i l A itenica it I I it Orga tiiuii 1111iiit s ttwt nttional public iealth -

(IAl lu) VI R)Unitcd Ni onsChdirIs slvic is mit adciuch dcivelopcd the itdm (LUNICTIF) md tle U S (osiinii glarii cratdicirion serice (ftile Countrin

it it already ital Ici dectcn tict tIit is I Ic is Iatnu kis ruid Iwic 1nill

the ti scase norimially ot ild rtpl to cr lhcnt po hcentc t lthit ervtI ma lr biduilt w tlill treatmelnltit directed at tile IiOSil i I ll ii tiliti ite M alIr i COltrontl inl Wa r vttliilatill i Ic parasitc itself ( igatizai Arcai prograt i t i le U S Public I Ic h l ion of oattial and in tenliatii ii li rcit vs Scitcci lt i WViI IIic ame vhat Iiii wI rcct irvil ut a worldtIvi calc TII ic kt hih N it il Comm nidrti lcibldi) c slicer moagiiitudc of the prigrin iil it Centr iln l ilito IliIn ta the Cctiir i liouhr ai peot led] to sa rvnigttteli ng cit tlie Maii aiIItf lula fotndidcilr 9 i) Ci (iittttia i lttratniot hallienti iciico W ithi n t ie liitL tI MaIh riai Su rve 4LIndia thlici indi idt l countr ies iit oli was necessar tt li i lii tit of Inlia a i l il 1( 1

to develop tro ng nr g nitton t cary out i ldc its scope and ico nic the N tlhc natiial malaii i vrioaiim i n tionl institut - of Cotimmn icIe c )k-itl LI ifriitiu cc witth ii te Iiternationa I tis Itt Irian Lhc Sc hool (if Public Helithi gidetics Tli thc ifore reqIircl Lrnin of Tclicraii Unives iV deviiopocd is an cit i (if pr ifssi nml I cimsurl cstali lmc slitio of the hriti te ofo Iilrrdi shyof all illin tii foit itio l cl iij So rt hi s meU iniii rni p1 ic Malaria

ecessarviegilition) of hca lh cr liicatiorr leicts to dev 1il t ofolier cbudgeisand licicdlti tcation ll tt s III tictith progra ns In linjptur East I Ak

aicititl t rLtheli t ic it IItili pro cn ail isiitn stoall si x crodnii nit iti iL weriiti re (hItitil tttil Iitothlin larit progritn rn an ex Naliii it is di i i ihicli has sit i periment trial it Iii l oltI authr i ier

srmnig advcentre cct i ipc pl t t iteiu servc(I the greit succids of the nilaria cift itIs ire I dto il ht tii ii C tI im ir n ic-li cricitto orgaii zatitton Durig Ithe ccil a-i tie littom itli 1 In i it t t iei iklr tlon phtsc of i cIt a ridti t O1 tig ilch tanl idtilic ihn ImilltI Or Ild ut lniI i nrckn slile it tirsci oidditiilr irt t Lkiog tire

dertce ften prcit c s t iiimtic tesults Ilie sltids trd tl urdmtiricriig idrug ere

-S

It

Dvci Milt 1969) N5lowun-io Ni is 529

trained to performt 5ll1allpo vaccIIimofls commeitrclial citterp-c iliin ilsrius ireis and certaini other dttis Ihk ks tried thlcv eotilnimed thatc the cost of tilliui ts ff inl in irca (if io non persns It Nv i nlinll0S 1ardsids rotfer COini Vie

itru d I ii i r n iIv mnr o~ils -ms frmwiilrd 11111 aICS d fn t u iirius hotiii lttirs isertitdcd ito jforill thc C0oi111liS Orenr ntlC 3 ICdsL 5 percentiII 11 combineild swith I cidalsttvh sainItg Nor (filly dovs ichinit iu uf this cmra ill rots di to ci niolidauilll --f dIi pi Cost hiell U ccsnom itt111onst tif thle wiriIs licrfiirt d In iudi vi 1aIls speciadie di llar1assiklance we I 1c pins ided to thms ihg mOlit on dist si I espi Ic couniitries t of ctnommI itile(ti certin is illi forn admIi straivtdraiwlicks thec in igo in of purtawil from US limifta isih Fo tlhese prii)rim ia a1slyp tnwrd esnial h I iyeir pei tl tming ill ib)S the prog ressin fri~ii atnia cidicati n is hIms cit I or ividUt-o Suites r lo~ net pon

the rural ai es of R ii iiili cridicati in ODT sprai1ii cIime~p ~ 6 oem iicIs drugs ln t aror) eqip icit

6Internaionalroufprationf de iclo(d -- ailmoist aill purciawd ill this colilnityshylimc ICll i liped ovcrsras with Ilst of

U S Go tmient fi irdgn iid ass1 stalcc thetdoltlt rs suying in the United Si ate ito the ma Iarii erailwcitio n I i igrmin haIs Iwe oif mtuital lwt to the Uited Staitcs and Nliist other gov~itcillsO wit wil1) ill ~ oi1~a bei f o l otherrtof eCOIIOmIIc aspvtcts 11ut lieiiu I(WIOfC ~CWalsNO (if favir ale inttirnatimola rtltirnslig istat livc Thle dlirect relatiiiesliip of -iitiiiialaiia

uledr l imlw Il the Iom i Joliiisr1i htL s t If- l ktt- 04111r(11 11101i10J (el[Vivtsed Ie eei~utci of1 the iilitg is ribsiishte In a eil uljlc~gtini

U SCovernuiit aid to the Iilimatlitmal ad isiliu ale ill Ilarge 1i aiitiIiwplitcli campaign fromi its inception it) ii9(Aic2 j iirA si ~e klo i

brn lictiv wairiproramli~ ll mclio of vyh mj11iiuttah mid tesearcl hasletassisting 3o ctirc l to I va yi I g i qkTiS I) ie field (if illstv~h~ in1(I ppikt iii since ii)51 the Nitioii 0 Te fo )iAt presenit Co 1i LCttlilIlICIit t1ill tse IMT e

intialile Cc(inr polled~i thiis (V piastDisease (NCI )c~) li cititni linig the tliomiigl aI Riiciplatig Agency - SV viceAgree~~~~~~ne~~dcad lihAl)eitsoNAhecin inl thetilariaa iriigaiii

AgremenAI witcotimis IIItor ANarest il o Ibes enlivniemwrd with with 18- (of liese coun irius er~11)fi~liiiivw ihesl

This asistalice el itoecigiider M n a ia iV ne0e N~~ aVItestronig favioahle i elatinnshl1p tliroujg the 11CHItildnslv thtitig thlis limo liriliialdeveloipment of heaolthier jtopllai ills and l (e~nif oi tivam studies cariic Itil hetTlech

I olinrits L aliiimnirics (TDl) iifstronlger ceonlliW ill I li itt Tis nkil~ Develpnii

rkt sva 1il ill It n also hits lh~pd crca u n11eIlilihi CI C at (hi ngi inl cIilicnia for US products ihntioil It ias helped to lionl svi ie ~Ii41niiemcial fornuullauinig ciiinl

permit mitre CCO~io0IIiCal hlnul~~itl i1i lrtigl Imics Api~itiiii cilipinlia also liis 1eliin~ation 4if ssl Plltlla midc usll impnI t~ ch angess I voun t lindcrgoinv (i rj5) describe ats a piercent lhiddl cost ofgie~~etits~ecial~ltioli at rihoutle tn mai~lariai ILin illI thle acti I New imnsetkit es fir otheir ci girol me lii it expenditure~s for ilcasti re detvelo ped Fitt Cull pc develaitii aInia by Iiave btee d

3~~~ Fa hia(aia)mIi dna IyIiin ll ) ) co ~iciorswith s(

ndVilanl Iiogral illLio( Philiptpine Th1i yniiui I~ ia ci idit ol ph restI ti ng X~oaad Sowli 4-CyIn iiil1it trn ie esid I fnIIiga lIt principle sr ilt

Jorli a Nipil Iiisaa w I fi ii I l ithwaorla sIiN1C1)l)41-ra-iI~ltnititailaI~li~iin o der Iii slow iclease of toxic saj frs

Latin dnrk-Itl siatrlmtlintl Ctist won I Ilc cv ifA tak d I ICriod 1Itallyiti Ecutir iih 111m s iiatih c1l Sasti(iudoG wccls5 N Ile rtesech Iriitets

I alumraiaiik Nic~iriti t~u hInar l -d 1) thelUS Co cl Iitiit WI IC)PmIm li

4 trid (iota RKic i di ir l i A IllC3 amil ot liti orgonlizatitio (llon iariintiI Silv Ido shy

fOpia (In 111 1ItanItindu l idIni trdiri Ipcd Iif moplitclc nostluitoos m~id their7 Nv pi Nicm n Iit ita Pai iiai Ii guit Contri (allf ct the coth frield of vector tcon

pp

531) -o~uNms ~ VOL 29 NO- 4

Otcie Jcrts an isoti cs controlled1 comlelte and accurite information on pe (if i-tothr i lifaiidsi t e sl t h impal (ifot iliinao nilhe social and

milictilitii art ciiiitridkd s a resklt OfdR ilLtck11 lL C41iti ont ill cotuntriesw hcre attack pIite m ailli nd din s ll d-ii l i it I C dit to nwliia moay he atlrvimds intcood Vorl l1 lt SLIhl)lN ill liOStOn

fki Scoriion- lIuilil(s stucri ter ile Asenihl- a dimdIresolution (WHI mitce od o in rodii ni biy cintrulld IuJu rvco iing Ily tile wida riur ii iiiii progral I pimi pieiIrtp I cio l lomi i tren ot but cli ric oimy oily lire prton l

anshyd

-

li be iia i iiiO ftenare D tio tliiy

iuiilde (f the -ioosc i Ata result viisceral les iiik (kald ia ) 11d ciliniiiouis

lihmi Old (orientl l irv) w icre timilly ch pear at ledit tvi rilyilr t COMICOfdrlllardiClcainti Ii plograinl 100m a r The sm lI titl

crooit iii to provide iss stm cI orr dw sluds of the SoCi O-CconiiiiL m pilct

of iilii i an1 (if its cradciation and dcshylvee hi ui ithodol lor tforlitisoc coshy

1101oic evahltatii of tilepiro-raImes uider wIy I As i f rec lietro111111lided that W HO)sti ila d ill-

of satlk1 (r fIvaici) fes er which k tellu i iuhdiscipliniry rcseach o Cauisedl by JiIcilkiirevirlics Thiis inctiillitd re i n soiii liis be Iroliul ill hldi Palitailad inaia Includingand ecoiiooi nd soial lthe Aii imnttri Yetlow fever asp fiI sshy

4liiglie f enliind 1luiaihiik fver ltiiy I loilwtihly studies will he lie reduci if rwl(wQHptiis suskeptil v latcdias airrsoh ol eXlerienee to date to lit Itsid ii IliithC -slravilgin askrici()I]) if icCIMut pIerLinient -11d Col Slgie ofto la Iic ftmIticcd or clill- ncl kdt a acceptabletw the economistsiii lled ii cce of desriodit of Ihcs Iy the ilte dmiiistri ros tile M iiiktcrs of

I)l1 lioon ren titit in hii eitL7tiill Iin a ce ll] tilie lietds of goveroi 1clts iedrin ii ibeecn mcd os a rc~idoIidi spin (o icnl t C(Oliliti nli ainlihinc seclior If r t o g will the tonom cial and

hiia i ond trilllild l r if iesirces req uitred to COllt iihC the

disejq cFI1ri linkC lil oil has solut-t olvs 1sk ofCldicio T lie made a n ilabl ecii O 1com1bined with ctotro of iilaiai C ~cl1SIO S Tie aeCOMileli ts of wheicre tilie i iii ito vck lis are useepi nularia craiciion nivitiles ore impres to DDT1 Thel li tlitiIioniie 5 C1 si ()f tilie 1h7 ll Pcros liisig ill cepil lit liles 1aI il iny 1Ilerediced Iiy thle ij0ilriOti aicas i1 5hlio iio ar pn iol~cie so liiig operation t35tt bylilt)he pronoNnyo hs

people now reIhliaing under improved Meih Nr 0i Ainrlill 011CIo o enefitc to rtconditions as a ict restilt of

iheutcliI -f tile fitletr ig pilohein (icl bynmilal l NiolgI ts IsthIltt it i o dillicult to qiti utanit t accuratelytso t -ettheef iilaria suphprioni ior elimuination It is kinown tiat lny enleicial effects haleV reSuIted from the control or e adlcatiun oif this disase I owc er flthe public health woi kers have no~t adeqatlyquiti tatcJU1161d the before itcr eects of imalaria

The 1)irctor uencral of WVI 10 (WI 10 iWb) C1lleIl for a trCCA01iit laio (if the

global si integy for ola lidcaltion IS a result ol ai resoluition of tlie Twentiethi World I Icnl AsselillN H~e listed as onec

file(IafepIgeaill Man) of taulc the emioval of the malaria burdeni niou ol iilairt hit aii-yeuffects

such alsdevel op ment of sectios of coi shytries where nialaria presecec precluded adLne-C(teily ngri iltuitral or io rdtiStritl Llt hiin tion As a estlt land coalicsoftei illshycreae rnitalliaftcr the program is IllSttitetd

Somei of the auxilhurV lesser k ow beiteFis also ie of significance inl the die veloping countieis where Ie( programs are iii progress Nlalhrii eradkation activi-~ ties requiire lmpping of all polt onls of a couintiy Ind imil accurate censtis Often

of the ilo pnoblelniis thie lack of tele~ cgnhc eomsmc

- _ - gt Sir

I)Lclml t Iqor Nlfftfir Ntjs53

011ttit) in lit dev eiopilntl of thc first nc-it inim stttdics iopvfloil will provide still tolate mlap mill colsl Io dic ra Ii ttrAhuhts to wqlo control ft(Mlkl dU jioputtl limon ill partiutlar are visitecd by otlitr publicIL lit~h workusr rywht t

go i ncit worker -filltre doing some1IC The proc-raml lmhecti III ma~jor Cooipshy

timn jlosttt for thv livnulL J l 1) heaL ittiii of mil 1n11iooT cr Itiv lth of

pplici ol ii du of the ir llotle tf it only OwI e r oN tI 1 0 lI() tol Iifc mnore pdeait~ for themn by r L N ICI and thilS (Thcromnit it

tilO hi31lt Ii Iure imporum htt VJlllditi( c4 JIMMiy o r4alnIIll hotl

An111ia11 ml (Indusgiveni to thec people Oil pliv i jceltti A a rcpbtlr I)itt further irviigilien tiit

govet llilt ll1 ill t11LIllilid of ihc Crd

i i (-i) I I mIl ok ilelpill ilce 1111)l fill w il icte fc Nh lm lriiiRt~i otd (A 33 i a

tli~i olielt 011101of-1111 i Ic heot h or IfS 3 7~it~7Iti(mini

Ii~ll 1 rd-uth tmb00s1I)nthIic I ec I d Imbior2 Phil (19grt97 wdrd171(iollI

goodorg ia i I1( tulgi ill1 w 4(miMIIshy) wi Ior c t 1t14

inentI ztn IttoIItrl it llofi-t~ IJ15 lo ttd tniim ( lt11111tiLr 11iln x jc itt1iiim iwuli lvS lp

lollller cot ir 1I ll II slic a t tO

Itt~ttIIAtill)I I pl rt It t011ll ILrtl Ia tlI II t ii t I thl fi to s i 1Ic t uii I iI 3~I itllSim

o~ira v o r htie 1ir titi CIrli

imlrac-dcl ft ws cpsl I ll(1ti Iu PoI ~ 31 t 1 IW Sr Toy

(1101 ttltt lot ri veiv public NItoti wtll rhtu IJO Cton

tit lttld ionn rgtitr i T i 11tcl-Cvide L I aiL

11 itmIvl) ttiny elltU lo-- i1tS Withl I-A I 3l 1 4 cxit P tlilt C h Il~ ti

ootrt ()t6~lleltive1 tramlally 11 il 11 ele Iwd

ptil t entst IVlski l ow-64x349r Iti Si irapp IIIhe tl ty ttlo

tralt~l Wlt al~O Iilh l- ~O~ i itEL 1c01 l 33~

ltlso eg (it owlops ])tfill)t~tofIiiite nlh t 11 tit coolt1 t gi2rllai

I 1 ae i I I IX S TheUiit xtl

CountriesiC~ e b It(- 1lg rn tli iml1t lit N Y titml til US 011) tuve coIst1i1riI RsoAi P~m I ttf

o t b ii~trthiii itdii t nions reismedill coprtc l i snll Cit ~~ i

n Ie 1ie1lelI11I(t SLernIil cf13 maiptcr~ (i common blSLCit inprvtid(t

it~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Wantrttl1 ivl II~I 1 1cta

i ol S1111 V~t11gi lgrCN f i tolio hddl31tt111itw intcl e(if imlliol adl t ioti Or

II r~tlt~ t ofIC I ullicki Stichitvectr cot ~lllplielhl1v~ic I t itr~i t Uilii th

~

9 oM-$vr N~sVi53

1o ~ ~ mlri ormlportatice~~~~~~~ ~T ~ ~ o kiutoofiaraInfl rdcto

IAter~d 11M Anm o t W c t m l -

PP 14 -11 MaiA ( icdcm o)

l rot r~tio o ii Ropirewik of tht ildcr I OlI N Ns i i I t f1iht pG)rir t Iwra7Skttll25 1 oItl A N4lilu (t I or t i m Adarh I Pdiotoinmp 7liPj 1Iutpi4 j W1C- i 71 pp WI i U6 (d 4unr 1 11140- J1

iu c inhi~i u ~ ots i ~ iii0o4s t~aCr~t 0I41 ~iso~I~saI 600e